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'É na terra e no mar que tá nossa subsistência': resistência caiçara na Baía dos Castelhanos, Ilhabela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10) Silva, Paula Affonso de Araujo; Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4144292372070656
This dissertation's objective was to make an ethnography of the relationships established between the caiçara communities of Baía dos Castelhanos, in the archipelago municipality of Ilhabela, and the various constraints to their way of life. Since the second half of the 20th century, especially after the creation of Ilhabela's State Park (PEIb), a series of documents and regulations have crossed the lives and possibilities of maintaining the caiçaras on lands they have occupied for over 200 years. The legal restrictions subsequent to the Park's creation were simultaneous to the intensification of real estate speculation, land grabbing and tourism, which significantly altered the environment and the caiçara way of life. At sea, other difficulties are imposed on the caiçaras, namely: exploration technologies that allow trawlers to leave the sea clean, exploration platforms in ultra-deep waters, presence of large oil tankers and the Route 1 gas pipeline that skirts the archipelago and drives part of pre-salt production to the Treatment Unit on the continent. Fishing is one of the activities whose regulation demanded the composition of new strategies and rearrangements of traditional practices, becoming, from the caiçaras' perspective, the last element giving meaning to their collective existence. Following local terms and evaluations, the caiçara way of resistance is operationalized in two forms: on land, through the incorporation of the papers’ logic, and at sea, through fishing techniques.
A tool-supported approach to adapt web user interfaces considering the emotional state of the user
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10) Guimarães, Patrícia Deud; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7044400727451643
The field of Human-Computer Interaction aims at developing computational systems that place the user at the center of the their development, so he/she can have the best experience when interact with the final solution. When it was acknowledged that emotions affect the relation of the individual with what surrounds him/her, scholars began to measure these emotions based on instruments that had been developed over the years. It should be emphasized that emotions can be seen as a composition of five components – physiological reactions, subjective feeling, motor expression, cognitive appraisals and behavioural tendencies. It is believed, therefore, that evaluating more than one component could bring results with greater correctness. Although some studies already measure the user’s emotional state to promote the adaptation of user interfaces and promote a better interaction experience, few worry about leading the user to achieve a desired emotional state. This work presents a new version of UIFlex (PROENÇA; NERIS, 2017), UIFlex 2.0. The previous version is presented as a Google Chrome plugin and it is responsible for providing interface adaptations to improve the accessibility of web pages. To do so, authors created rules of adaptation in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format that “injected” code into the web pages. The new proposed version brings together two major changes: (1) the architecture of the solution, which is now based on the MAPE-K model (Monitor-Analyse-Plan-Execute over a shared Knowledge) (KEPHART et al., 2003); (2) new user interface adaptation rules in order to provide color change in it according to theoretical studies published previously. Finally, a double blind experiment was conducted with 44 users in which two tasks were proposed – reading and transcript – on pages with the plugin enabled. Participants of the control group had access to UIFlex 2.0 as participants of the placebo group used UIFlex 3.0, which did not perform any adaptation. Both groups had the majority of participants reaching the desired emotional state – as can be seen in the generated incidence graphs. In addition, the Chi-Square statistical test was applied, which denied the alternative hypothesis. Thus, it is suggested that new rules be developed so that there are a greater number of changes to interface elements.
Análise das normas de acessibilidade no transporte aéreo: uma discussão por meio da metassíntese qualitativa do conceito de pessoa com deficiência e da acessibilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10) Nasser, Henrique Sacomano; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0078070397141632
The use of airport environments by passengers with disabilities has been increasing both in Brazil and worldwide. The process of air travel by users with disabilities has been accompanied by several challenges regarding the overcoming of barriers that obstruct the full use of these airport environments, and, to meet the demand of these passengers, there are Brazilian standards, such as Resolution No. 280, 2013, of the National Civil Aviation Agency, as well as international regulations, such as the U.S. Federal Code14 CFR Part 382 (Air Carrier Access Act), which was issued in 1987, and its amendments, and the European, through the Regulation No. 1107/2006 (European Union) of accessibility, which aims to provide and guide the conditions for the independent use, safely and autonomously. The aim of the research was to verify the existence of gaps in these regulations regarding the effectiveness of the inclusion of these users with disabilities in the air travel process, abstracted through a qualitative metasynthesis of the concepts of people with disabilities and accessibility (which refers to environmental and social contexts), subsidizing the analysis of these regulations, as well as proposing improvements to these analyzed regulations. The results of the qualitative meta-synthesis point out that the current concepts of the person with disability and accessibility are elements which comprise the same discussion spectrum, that is, one correlates with the development of the other, for the person with disability is only "disabled" when the environment does not propose elements susceptible of full accessibility by means of the principles designated by the universal design. In the analysis of these concepts abstracted from the meta-synthesis with the standards, as well as the discussion about them, it was verified that they present frailties in relation to the criteria of environment transformation by the accessibility of the universal design, so that the disability which, before, was established as a person's infirmity, disappears when the person can have full access to these environments, being socially inclusive. The barriers imposed in the air travel process are complex and interact with all the parties and the several players in the air travel process, thus making the uses of these spaces more challenging for passengers with disabilities, and a standard that serves as a guide is required to solve all these obstacles, with the change being based on the environment, and not on the conduct of these passengers. By this premise, the improvement of the norm consists, in a first moment, in separating the prescriptions that mention the improvement of the environment in the sense of offering a universalization of accessibility from the medical situations of illness that the passengers have. This dichotomy resides in specifying situations in which the passenger's capacity is compromised due to illnesses that require specific care, to be treated in separate norms, including with the support of the regulatory health and sanitary surveillance bodies. Therefore, the whole effort of the research is relevant for the inclusion of people with disabilities in the several social contexts, especially in the passenger air transport, being that the norm is, at the same time, a regulated situation, in the sense of imposing a formalization of the situations. On the other hand, it cannot be understood only by reasons of its formal interlacing, being plausible to be modified due to the evolution of science and its precepts that are comprehended therein.
A obesidade abdominal dinapênica acelera o declínio da mobilidade e da função de membros inferiores em pessoas idosas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10) Máximo, Roberta de Oliveira; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5377549816607170
The decline in mobility and lower extremity function are considered the sixth vital sign in older people, as they are precursors of functional disability and predictors of adverse outcomes such as hospitalization, early institutionalization, and death. Although multifactorial in nature, it is affected by two common and gender-differentiated processes in aging: abdominal obesity and dynapenia. However, there is still little evidence on the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the decline in physical performance over time. Thus, the present proposal aims to: 1) analyse the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the trajectory of mobility decline in 2,294 individuals aged 60 years or older, free of mobility limitation at baseline (gait speed > 0.8 m/ s), during eight years of follow-up; 2) analyse sex differences in the effect of dynapenic abdominal obesity on the trajectory of lower extremity function decline in 3,875 individuals aged 60 years or older during eight years of follow-up. The data come from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) having as a baseline the information obtained in the year 2004 that was repeated in four and eight years of follow-up. Mobility was assessed by gait speed (m/s) and lower extremity function by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Abdominal obesity was defined for waist circumference values > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women and dynapenia was considered for values of handgrip strength < 26 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. Participants were classified as non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (ND/NAO); non-dynapenic/abdominal obesity (ND/AO); dynapenic/non-abdominal obesity (D/NAO) and dynapenic abdominal obese (D/AO). Generalized linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, neuropsychiatric, and health status factors were used to trace different trajectories of lower extremity mobility and function decline over eight years of follow-up for each of the four groups analysed. The main results of the longitudinal study carried out with 2,294 subjects aged 60 years or older free from mobility limitation at baseline (gait speed > 0.8 m/s) demonstrate that over eight years of follow-up only D/AO subjects had a greater decline in gait speed (-0.013 m/s per year 95% CI: -0.024 – -0.002; p < 0.05) compared to ND/NAO. The main results of the longitudinal analysis performed with 3,875 older people showed that, at the beginning of the study, men (-1.11 points; 95% CI: -1.58 – -0.65; p < 0.001) and women (-1.39 points; 95% CI: -1.76 – -1.02; p < 0.001) the D/AO had the worst performances in the SPPB compared to their counterparts in the ND/NAO group. During the eight years of follow-up, only D/AO men had a faster decline in SPPB performance compared to ND/NAO men (-0.11 points per year; 95% CI: -0.21 – -0.01; p = 0.032). In conclusion, dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with an accelerated decline in gait speed in older people of either sex and an accelerated decline in SPPB in men, but not in women. The results of this thesis highlight the importance of the clinical entity of dynapenic abdominal obesity as a very robust indicator to identify and monitor the risk of lower limb mobility and function decline in older people and indicate that efforts should focus on strategies to minimize its It is made. As we have seen, dynapenic abdominal obesity can occur as age advances, but it is potentially modifiable and, when neglected, has important repercussions on functional status, especially in men. The most current guidelines from the World Health Organization establish a policy for older people to incorporate a variety of aerobic exercises and muscle-strengthening activities into their routine. Equally important, public health initiatives need to be sufficient to allow early identification of the dynapenic abdominal obesity phenotype, so that its proper management can prevent the first signs of impaired physical performance in older people.
Identificação dos aspectos didáticos mais valorizados pelos licenciandos em química durante o desenvolvimento do Programa Residência Pedagógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-10) Ribeiro, Natália Rodrigues; Santos Junior, João Batista dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472
This study aimed to identify the didactic aspects most valued in the initial training of students of the Degree in Chemistry, at the Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, who were members of the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP). For this, 150 narratives constructed by the undergraduates participating in the PRP were collected during the second half of 2020, which, as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic, were taught remotely. The analytical methodology used was the discursive textual analysis of Morais and Galiazzi (2006). The analysis process allowed the identification of six categories: “Use of media in remote teaching”; “External context to school education”; “Teacher methodology in remote teaching”; “Difficulty of students and graduates in remote teaching”; “Reflection on teaching”; and “Reflections about the school”. These categories revealed the main didactic aspects valued by the undergraduates and also presented the difficulties and learning of the undergraduates in taking the PRP in the remote modality.