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Alterações genéticas associadas ao gene apoe em pessoas com declínio cognitivo subjetivo (DCS): uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-22) Fernandes, Carla Nunes Fonseca; Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661; Vale, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7135183635933470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2512093976230506
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) consists of a self-perception of cognitive decline, with no objective impairment on cognitive tests and no functional impairment in activities of daily living. It represents a transitional stage between the asymptomatic state and the impairment of cognitive functions. Studies indicate that neurobiological bases participate in the process of the loss of cognitive function in the early stages of SCD. There is evidence that the neurobiological processes are related to polymorphisms in different nucleotide positions of the gene that codes for apolipoprotein E (APOE), changing the sequence of the original amino acids and modifying its structural properties. It is therefore believed that these alterations may influence the functional properties of APOE and promote the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The molecular and physiological mechanisms leading to these clinical conditions are not yet known in detail, and therefore correlating the studies already developed aimed at further exploring these questions are critical. We performed a data collection that relates the APOE gene with DCS, through the libraries: PubMed, Mendeley and Web of Science, in the period from June to August 2021. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) model was used to construct this systematic review. Ninety studies were identified, of which only 34 met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-six studies were excluded by the following criteria: no characteristics related to DCS and APOE genotype, animal research, systematic review or meta-analysis, other genetic biomarker, protein receptor or hormonal factor, book chapter, DCS or APOE related to another disease or early onset AD, which is not associated with APOE as a risk factor, or articles that do not deal with the pre-clinical phase or year less than the stipulated date of the study. The related data pointed out in this literature review corroborate the literature in the possible existence of a clear relationship between DCS and the APOE genotype specifically in the ε4 allele in memory impairment in its early stages
An analysis of the relationship between additive manufacturing and circular economy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-22) Tavares, Thais Moreira; Godinho Filho, Moacir; Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310619949372745
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an important technology of Industry 4.0. It allows the fabrication of objects layer by layer in a continuous or incremental way. Circular Economy (CE) aims to improve resource efficiency in order to lead to a shift from the current linear model of receiving, transforming and disposing to a model where resources flow in a circular manner. Some early studies refer to Additive Manufacturing as a promise of sustainability and development of more circular material flows. However, there is still uncertainty about the impacts and benefits of Additive Manufacturing for circularity. From this context, this work aims firstly to understand the relationship between additive manufacturing and circular economy. To achieve this goal, a multi-method study was carried out to understand how AM is beneficial or challenging in a Circular Economy context. Second, it aims to collaborate in the implementation of AM strategies in an EC context. To coordinate the elaboration of the strategies, a second multi-method study was carried out, using a fuzzy DEMATEL method. This method was used to understand the interdependence relationships between the barriers raised in the first study. The study of these relationships is essential in the elaboration of strategies for implementing a more circular AM. The research contributes to practice and theory. In theory, it elaborates the state of the art of the intersection between the themes, evolving into a framework addressing benefits and barriers (validated by experts) that AM brings to CE. The study also contributes to practice by showing to organizations what developments and strategies need to take place to smooth the way for a circular AM.
Potencial antifúngico de nanoemulsões de óleo essencial de Cravo-da-Índia (Syzygium aromaticum)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-22) Cipriano, Lavinia; Ferreira, Marcos David; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2772760928009199
Essential oils are extracts derived from plants, defined as secondary metabolites compounds, being an important defense mechanism of plants. The antimicrobial activity of the oils is mainly due to their hydrophobic nature, and it is believed that this activity against bacteria and fungi is directly related to the major compounds present in the essential oil. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a plant native to Indonesia, with an extensive literature record of the activity of clove essential oil against bacteria and fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi that attack crops after harvest are responsible for the loss of tons of crops worldwide. In tropical regions, Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer have a high incidence, and cause diseases known as “Green Rot” and “Black Rot”, respectively. The use and application of essential oils in their pure form has some limitations, such as their volatility, high reactivity and hydrophobicity, making their direct incorporation into foods difficult. In order to maintain their biological properties and reduce the impact of their application on food, the oils were incorporated into emulsions and nanoemulsions to later be encapsulated. Materials and methods: The production and characterization of nanoemulsions with Clove EO was carried out, after the determination of the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB), from the mixture between aqueous and organic phase, consisting of the EO and a mix of surfactant composed by Tween 80 and Span 80. After characterization, a comparison was made between the antifungal activity of the pure essential oil, emulsion and nanoemulsion against postharvest fungi Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer. Results: After the determination of the BHL, a nanoemulsion with a particle size of 50 d.nm was produced. From the antifungal activity tests, it is concluded that the nanoemulsion did not increase the essential oil activity against the tested fungi, being the oil in its pure form more efficient than the emulsion and nanoemulsion.