Sistema mecatrônico para identificação automática de filamento polimérico utilizado em processo de Manufatura Aditiva (Impressão 3D)

Abstract

Technological development and the improvement of manufacturing processes allowed the emergence of new manufacturing techniques over time. 3D printing has become a practical and affordable way to manufacture parts, products and components, whether mechanical or structural. This technology is increasingly common, both in industrial and private environments, due to its versatility and easy interaction with the method. However, in additive manufacturing, it is necessary to know the material that is being used, since the configuration of FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printers for a given polymer directly impacts the proper functioning and quality of the manufactured part. In the present work, the construction of a low-cost prototype capable of differentiating Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filaments was carried out through the indirect measurement of an intrinsic mechanical property of the materials, the hardness. This procedure was possible by building a system, driven by a servo motor linked to a four-bar mechanism, capable of measuring the difference in the penetration depth of a metallic tip in the filaments, through the interaction of a magnet with a Hall effect sensor. It was possible to identify both filaments from the differentiation of hardness, and the results were in line with the references provided by the manufacturer of PLA and ABS filaments.