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Auxílio ao diagnóstico automático do esôfago de Barrett utilizando aprendizado de máquina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Souza Júnior, Luis Antonio de
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Palm, Christoph
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Papa, João Paulo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0576836756526956
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is an illness that is usually hard to detect at the early stages in the presence of Barrett's esohagus. The development of automatic evaluation systems of such illness may be very useful, thus assisting the experts in the neoplastic region detection. With the strong growth of machine learning techniques aiming to improve the effectivess of medical diagnosis, the use of such approaches characterizes a strong scenario to be explored for the early diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Barrett's esophagus as a predecessor of adenocarcinoma can be explained by some risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and late medical diagnosis. This project proposes the development of new computer vision and machine learning techniques to assist the automatic diagnosis of the esophageal adenocarcinioma based on the evaluation of two kind of features: (i) handcrafted features, calculated by means of human knowledge using some image processing technique and; (ii) deeply-learnable features, calculated exclusively based on deep learning techniques. From the extensive application of global and local protocols for the models proposed in this work, the description of cancer-affected images and Barrett's esophagus-affected samples were generalized and deeply evaluated using, for example, classifiers such as Support Vector Machines, ResNet-50 and the combination of descriptions by handcrafted and deeply-learnable features. Also, the behavior of the automatic definition of key-points within the evaluated techniques was observed, something of a paramount importance nowadays to guarantee transparency and reliability in the decisions made by computational techniques. Thus, this project contributes to both the computational and medical fields, introducing new classifiers, approaches and interpretation of the class generalization process, in addition to proposing fast and precise manners to define cancer, delivering important and novel results concerning the accurate identification of cancer in samples affected by Barrett's esophagus, showing values around 95% of correct identification rates and arranged in a collection of scientific works developed by the author during the research period and submitted/published to date.
Desenvolvimento e otimização de método cromatográfico para separação de três ativos e suas respectivas impurezas com aplicação de planejamento fatorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Souza, Romero Moreira de
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9229558047181689
An essential part of the development of a new drug is the development of methods to analyze the products during the stage of development and throughout their useful life to ensure quality and safety for patients. The analytical method must be indicative of stability, that is, capable of detecting, over time, changes in the physical, chemical or microbiological properties of a substance. Other important characteristics describe that they are specific methods able of accurately measuring the dosage of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (mg/tablet), degradation products (% of impurity) and other components of interest, without interference. In order to identify and quantify different components of a product's formulation, chromatographic techniques are widely used. By means of this technique it is possible to properly separate the substances present in the formulation and quantify several analytes in the same analytical run. Several factors interfere in the separation of components in the chromatographic method, highlighting the pH of the mobile phase, the type of material in the stationary phase, the type of solvent and its concentration in the mobile phase, among others. The goal was to use chemometric tools to explore the principles of separation of three drugs and their respective impurities and to develop an indicative method of stability by HPLC-DAD. The initial tests were performed on a sample built with the presence of the three actives and their impurities, which were added or generated through sample stress. Chromatographic separation was evaluated in screening and optimization tests. Screening was performed with a wide range of mobile phase pH and different chromatographic columns. Different organic solvents and rates of increase in organic solvent concentration (gradient time) along the analytical run were also evaluated. Data were processed using Fusion and Octave software. The analytical method indicative of stability for the separation of the three actives was efficiently developed and validated, presenting itself as selective, linear, accurate and precise. The use of chemometric tools proved to be efficient to detect the limitations of the method and to define the variables to obtain the best performance (greater separation and shorter analysis time).
Size spectra in tropical streams: effects of land use changes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Resende, Giovanna Collyer
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Perkins, Daniel
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Saito, Victor Satoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4214652920982318
Changes in land use have altered the structure and functioning of ecosystems, including trophic interactions that control the flow of matter and energy. We investigated the differences between the relationship of log10-biomass and log10-body size classes (size spectrum) of impacted and preserved streams along a land use gradient, going from almost complete coverage by native forest to complete agriculture of monocultures. The size spectrum characterizes how many organisms of each size class are maintained in the communities and is therefore a way of accessing the energy flow between trophic levels. We used data from macroinvertebrates of 30 streams, located in southeastern Brazil. We predicted that impacted streams could have more or less basal resources available (i.e. higher or lower size spectra intercept, respectively), and in both cases we expected a higher energetic cost, sustaining less biomass in large size classes (i.e. steeper size spectra slope). We also expected more deviations in the model in impacted streams (lower regression R²), due to the high energy demand and low energy efficiency transfer, causing organisms to feed outside their ideal predator–prey mass ratio. Our results demonstrated that impacted streams have fewer small organisms available at lower trophic levels (lower intercepts) than preserved streams, but with a more efficient energy transfer (shallower slopes). This may be due to few strong interaction links related to communities with less diversity and the simplification of the food web in impacted environments, which tends to decrease stability and enhance vulnerability to stochastic events. Preserved streams are more complex and have more energy pathways possible, resulting in weaker interaction strengths, which leads to a higher community stability. We also demonstrated that deviations in the model do not vary systematically across the land use gradient, as well as its structure is not defined by the land use type. Our study represents a step forward to understand how anthropogenic impacts affect trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning in tropical streams.
Ordinary and twisted K-theory
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Clemente, Gabriel Longatto
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Ruffino, Fabio Ferrari
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2512107188781159
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621252774701915
The main topic of this thesis consists in Ordinary and Twisted Topological K-Theory. We begin by describing generalized cohomology theories through the Eilenberg-Steenrod Axioms, in order to set Ordinary K-Theory in these terms. This allows us to deduce its structural properties from the framework of generalized cohomology. Then, we expose the elementary notions of Spin Geometry to relate it to Ordinary K-Theory through the Atiyah-Bott-Shapiro Theorem. This result enables us to construct the Thom isomorphism as well as the integration map, which is known as Gysin map. After that, we rephrase Ordinary K-Theory by means of the Index map, which provides an interpretation of K-Theory through homotopy classes of continuous functions. Afterwards, we deal with Twisted K-Theory. First, we introduce the Grothendieck group of twisted vector bundles as a model for finite-order Twisted K-Theory. Then, we describe the infinite-dimensional model, through suitable bundles of Fredholm operators, that holds for twisting classes of any order. Finally, we compare these two models in the finite-order setting.
Urbanidade e vitalidade nos espaços públicos em novas áreas residenciais verticalizadas: estudo de casos em Londrina - PR e Ribeirão Preto - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Esteves, Juliana Cardoso
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Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8180214459480752
The projects of residential condominiums aimed at the middle and upper classes tend to privilege the interior of the building and the design of its facades, but few consider its relationship and integration with the public space and the people who use it, who have also not received due attention. of urban managers, since the adaptation of the city to the car absorbed a large part of the investments. This work aimed to analyze how the configuration of the built environment, through its morphological elements, architectural typologies, and socio-spatial practices, interferes with the vitality and urbanity of cities, especially public spaces in vertical areas. The research method adopted was the study of multiple cases in recently verticalized areas in medium-sized cities and took place in three phases: development of research instruments (observation sheets, questionnaires, interviews, thematic maps) and analysis criteria, based on the studied literature; data collection in the cities of Londrina – PR and Ribeirão Preto – SP and systematization and analysis of the data collected. To verify the main attributes of vitality and urbanity in the spaces studied, two dimensions of analysis were adopted: physical, in which questions of urban form were evaluated, and social, in which the relationship between the user and the urban space was verified. From the literature point of view, the thesis contributes to the articulation of the concepts of urbanity and urban vitality. The analysis of data and research results showed that urban form plays an essential role in the development of vitality and urbanity in public spaces in cities, as they directly interfere in the use of spaces and in the perception of users. However, this is directly linked to the experiences, specific needs, and cultural identities of each one. The case studies demonstrated the central hypothesis of the research: the same vertical typology, arranged in the urban site with different spatial arrangements, generate different urban qualities, with repercussions on aesthetic, spatial, mobility and safety perception, creating public spaces with different vitality and urbanity.
Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre o coeficiente de controle de fluxo mitocondrial do cortex pré-frontal de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Cavalini, Diego Felipe
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Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9885031162656978
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9438602932981499
Introduction: During the aging of a woman, a process called menopause takes place, marked by hormonal changes (fall in estrogen, increase in follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone). As a result of this phase, there are episodes of changes in brain functions (cognitive deficit, mood change and sleep disorders) that are sensitive to this hormonal variation, mainly related to the drop in estrogen, which in turn directly compromises the activity of an organelle, the mitochondria. It is suggested that resistance training improves mitochondrial functions, bringing non-pharmacological benefits to women who are in this phase. Mitochondrial function can be measured through cellular respiration, but the FCC method can also be used, which calculates the individual functioning of each protein that is coupled to the electron transport chain (ANT-1, ATP synthase and the phosphate exchanger) . Objectives: to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy and Resistance Training (RT) on the efficiency of the flow control coefficient (FCC) and oxygen consumption during coupled breathing of the Prefrontal Cortex of young mature rats, to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on the global and intrinsic functioning of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes of prefrontal cortex neurons, the activity of ANT-1, ATP-Synthase and Phosphate Exchanger in an "in vivo" model (biopsy ) of neurons in the prefrontal cortex. Methodology: 40 adult Wistar rats (rattus albinus norvergicus) were divided into 4 experimental subgroups: 1) Intact Sedentary (INT-SED), Intact Resistance Training (INT-TR), Sedentary Ovariectomized (OVX-SED) and Ovariectomized Resistance Training (OVX-TR), for the TR group, the training frequency happened 3 times a week for 12 weeks and the intensity was applied at 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85% of the maximum load carried. Oxygen consumption of permeabilized brain tissue was performed in a high resolution oxygraph with MiR05, 37ºC, in the presence of glutamate (10 mM) and malate (5 mM). ADP (400 μM), oligomycin (1 μg/mL) and FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-4) (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone 0.2 μM] were added during the experiment. The titrations to establish the Flow Control Coefficient (FCC) were carried out in the ANT, in the Phosphate Exchanger and in the ATP-Synthase. Results: Ovariectomy increased the body mass of the rats, tibia size there was no significant difference, thus showing that all rats had similar growth. Ovariectomy negatively affected the FCC of ANT-1, ATP synthase in the OVX-SED group, and the phosphate carrier. The negative effects of ovariectomy were reversed by RT. Discussion: ovariectomy promoted a decrease in the functioning capacity of the electron transport chain in the prefrontal cortex, evaluated by the FCC dysfunction found in all analysis proteins, ANT-1, ATP-Synthase and Phosphate Exchanger, a fact in A highlight was the use of RT as an important therapeutic tool to reverse the deleterious effects caused by ovariectomy on the FCC of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of trained rats. Conclusion: The deleterious effects of ovariectomy negatively impact the functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the prefrontal cortex, a fact related to the negative changes in the proteins evaluated in this study by the flow control coefficient. The applied resistance training proved to be effective in preventing the deleterious changes promoted by ovariectomy, since the evaluated proteins maintained their activities at satisfactory levels.
Estudos sobre a acessibilidade aos sítios de zeólitas para aplicação em catálise básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Silva, Juliana Floriano da
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4674602775309738
The application of zeolites in catalysis is restricted when bulkier molecules are involved, for example, in the manufacture of fine chemicals, where the reactant molecules are unable to access their micropores. A solution to this problem could be the synthesis of zeolites containing mesopores to improve accessibility to sites. Zeolites have intrinsic basicity, due to residual negative charges in their framework, which are generated by the presence of trivalent aluminum atoms with tetrahedral coordination. The functionalization of the surface of zeolites with amine groups, through the anchoring of silanes containing basic nitrogenous species, is one strategy to improve their basicity. In this context, this work studied the synthesis of 4A zeolites through the constructive method (bottom-up) using the organosilane surfactant [3 (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] octadecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (TPOAC) as mesopores generator at different concentrations in the synthesis mixture (TPOAC/Al2O3= 0-0.09). These zeolites were evaluated in the Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate, which is influenced by the accessibility to the catalytic sites, due to the volume of the molecules involved. This study also evaluated the improvement of the basicity of zeolites through the functionalization of their surface with amine groups, for this, the zeolite containing the highest amount of mesopores, and the conventional zeolite were treated with aminopropil-trimetoxisilano (APTMS). 4A zeolites with mesopores were formed in the presence of TPOAC at the different concentrations evaluated, showing an increase in the external surface. The benzaldehyde conversions were higher when using zeolites with mesopores instead of conventional 4A, due to the improved accessibility of the to the catalytic sites. In addition, the reaction catalyzed by zeolite with mesopores has a lower activation energy than that catalyzed by conventional 4A zeolite. It was not possible to anchor APTMS on the surface of the conventional zeolite, probably due to the low external surface and consequent lack of available silanol groups that can react with the silane. On the other hand, the functionalization of zeolite with mesopores was possible, due to its high surface that provides a higher amount of silanol groups compared to the external surface of the conventional zeolite crystal. Consequently, zeolite with mesopores treated with APTMS has superior catalytic activity in Knoevenagel condensation, due to improved accessibility and addition of catalytic sites.
Desenvolvimento de um secador de bandejas para a secagem de folhas medicinais e análise da secagem de ramos de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Gardenal, Amanda Coloca
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0534137332015210
Barbatimão bark (Sryphnodendron adstringens) has been used in folk medicine for years to treat many diseases. Recently, studies indicated the potential of barbatimão leaf extract as a chemopreventive agent and as a promising candidate for the development of an antineoplastic drug for breast cancer. However, after harvesting, the leaves begin an irreversible degradation process and it is necessary to dry them to retain their properties until processing. The objective of the present study was to develop a multistage tray dryer, which operates as sequential batches, to promote material mixing and improve the use of thermal energy for drying medicinal leaves. Firstly, barbatimão branches were dried in a thick layer using 400 g of raw material, resulting in a heterogeneous product in terms of moisture. In general, the drying kinetics curves for different temperatures in oven and fixed bed operations were distinguishable; for the tray dryer, the drying curves were obtained for each stage individually, simulating the real operation by using partially dried material below each tray. It was decided to operate the dryer with 4 stages using the minimum distance between them (11.88 cm) and drying air at 60ºC and 0.4 m/s. The individual curves obtained for the 4 stages were very similar, except for the required time to reach the equilibrium moisture, which was considerably higher for superior stages. Page's model was better suited to the experimental data and, by using it, it was possible to estimate a residence time of 9.5 minutes for each stage, totaling 38 minutes for drying 100 g of barbatimão branches and obtaining a product with 10% of moisture (w.b.). The experimental data were consistent with the theoretical drying curve and the product obtained had moisture content lower than 10% (w.b.). The moisture of the final product was homogeneous, even though the mixture of material in the tray during the operation was partial, since, despite the division of the tray into three sections, the branches were concentrated in the central region, creating empty spaces. This issue was mitigated by manually vibrating all tray sections after the material was dumped. Thus, the developed dryer met the proposed objectives. The cumulative drying efficiencies of the one- and four-stages operations, drying 100 g of material, were 3.16 and 3.98% respectively, representing an increase of 25.6% for the tray dryer. The values obtained for L*, a*, b* and a*/b* for the dry products in different configurations and temperatures didn’t present statistically significant differences compared to the values of these parameters for raw leaves. The maintenance of the initial leaf color is a possible indication that the bioactives have been well preserved.
Reflexões acerca da acessibilidade na educação dos surdos durante o ensino remoto a partir de debates acadêmicos em lives
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-28)
Freitas, Larissa Maria de Carvalho
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7616266805096585
This work has as its theme the reflections about accessibility in the education of the deaf during Remote Teaching from academic debates in lives. Thus, this research considered to answer the following question: How is accessibility for the deaf happening during Remote Teaching?. With the general objective: To research what was being said about the accessibility of deaf students during remote teaching in the Covid-19 pandemic from academic debates in lives. And as specific objectives: Recognize new perspectives on accessibility in the education of the deaf during remote teaching during the Covid -19 pandemic; Understanding the challenges of remote teaching for the deaf student, based on academic/scientific reflections present in public debates in the Lives published from March 2020 to August 2021. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach. For this, the Lives produced and promoted by scientific societies were chosen as primary documentary sources in an order of priority for publications by Universities, Institutes, Support Centers and scientific societies, on the theme "Education of deaf students in remote teaching". The analysis of the Lives was carried out considering two analytical axes: 1) Accessibility conditions for the deaf in remote teaching, and 2) Consequences of this accessibility for deaf students in remote teaching. In view of this, the results of axis 1) showed that the accessibility conditions in the education of the deaf in remote teaching was challenging due to the barriers faced, ranging from the lack of digital equipment, to obstacles in the platforms and tools of communication by video call to remote classes. The results of axis 2) showed that the consequences of these conditions were: academic losses; lag in remote learning; impossibility of understanding between teacher-interpreter-student; and segregation of the deaf student. It was concluded that accessibility for the deaf student was among many challenges, and in the face of this, teachers in the lives discussed several possibilities and methodological strategies for the education of the deaf during remote classes, which allowed reflections and exchanges between teachers in the debates. academics in the lives.
Arilsulfonilação tri componente de diidrofurano e ésteres vinílicos via catálise dual níquel/fotorredox
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Pugnal, Lucas Valentin Bosi Loss
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3424206696587444
The pursuit of synthetic protocols aligned to sustainability goals, increasingly necessary in the global context in which we operate, caused a great effort by synthetic chemists to develop photocatalytic methodologies applied to different transformations. Moreover, the development of novel cross-coupling protocols has remained in the academia focus since seminal reports in this field, which rendered the 2010 chemistry Nobel prize for Heck, Negishi and Suzuki. In the past few years, many research groups worked in order to combine both methods, which led to development of systems we now call metallaphotoredox. Such combination is highly interesting once it can merge both catalytical cycles in a synergistic way, mitigating their main individual disadvantages as well as paving the way for new reactivities, unreachable by both methodologies alone. Among its numerous applications, intermolecular alkene difunctionalization has been widely explored in recent years. In this context, in this work the development of a new strategy for tricomponent arylsulfonylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran and vinyl esters via dual Ni/photoredox catalysis took place. Employment of the developed protocol led to 35 examples of arylsulfonylated tetrahydrofuran scaffolds with yields up to 95% and 3 examples of arylsulfonylated vinyl esters.
Estudo sobre a formação da interface em soldas dissimilares de alumínio e aço galvanizado durante o processo de soldagem por fricção por ponto (RFSSW) com controle por carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Ferrari, Vítor Ramos
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382758202280129
In the current scientific and technological scenario, the increased demand for dissimilar joints aiming a combination of optimized mechanical properties has driven innovations. Based on this, the present project proposes an in-depth study to elucidate the metallurgical aspects involved in the interface formation of dissimilar welds between aluminum alloy (AA6016-T6) and Zn-coated DX56D steel joined by refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) using load control. The main process parameters effects were evaluated through statistical methods and analysis. Subsequently, the metallurgical aspect was assessed through multi-scale microstructural characterization (optical and electron microscopy), mechanical tests (lap shear and microhardness) and thermal measurements (differential scanning calorimetry and thermal cycle). For the studied dissimilar joints, Zn incipient melting coupled with the presence of a low temperature eutetic reaction for an overall chemical composition Al – 88.7 %at. Zn led to semi-solid structure formation. The presence of liquid phases was essential for the process lubrication and interface protection from oxide contamination. When rapidly dispersed along the stir zone, the Zn-rich liquid phases also presented a directly influence on interfacial reaction, enabling the sheets joining through Al5F2(Si) intermetallic compounds formation. Therefore, the complex relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed in terms of material flow and Zn-induced intermetallic compounds growth acceleration. The bake hardening presented a substantial influence on diffusional precipitation mechanisms, maximizing the joints ultimate lap shear strength while limiting the sheets secondary bending. Overall, the results highlight a great potential of load-controlled RFSSW method for producing high-strength dissimilar joints through short thermal cycles, which is favorable for applications in automotive industries.
Valores éticos e estéticos na formação ambiental em trilha ecológica: promoção e investigação de atividades para trilhas educativas no Cerrado associadas à tecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Ghidini, Milena Sciascio
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Valenti, Mayla Wilik Roese
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
The present study had as guiding themes the Environmental Education and the technology associated with Environmental Education. Themes that were thought based on a systemic and integrated vision of human beings with the environment and with other living beings on the planet. The general objective of this study was to investigate conceptions, practices and approaches about values in Environmental Education in ecological educational trails, aiming to establish specific instruments, which were evaluated. To support the reflections brought into this study, the Environmental Education approach was adopted, according to Carvalho (2006), with an integrated and complex view of interconnected dimensions in participation and citizenship, knowledge and ethical and aesthetic values. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, we were based on qualitative and applied research, by means of (interviews with members of the extension project, specialists in related areas and with people responding to the application/technology evaluation questionnaire. These instruments allowed the collection of data and information, analyzed through techniques based on and inspired by discursive textual analysis (DTA). The main results of this dissertation were generated throughout: a script of proposed activities applied in educational ecological contexts; a script integrated to the application developed by Startup Fubá - Environmental Education and evaluation of the use of this application. It is concluded that there should be a greater integration between the themes in the values dimension and Environmental Education, in order to increase the reach of actions and activities that can be carried out in different contexts, mobilizing and involving society, generating beneficial behaviors to the environment. Also, this will help understanding the current socio-environmental problems present in society and contributing to the creation of a new paradigm of relationship between human beings and the environment. This can be achieved, for example, from the systematic construction of a roadmap focused on values, in which there is a planning of activities in the practices of Environmental Education projects and programs that intentionally address the dimension of ethical and aesthetic values. Besides, it is possible to work on themes related to values integrating Environmental Education to technology by means of an interactive script via a gamified application.
O modo de organização social como dimensão formativa da subjetividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Spindola, Caroline dos Santos
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Santos, Hugo Luiz Cardoso dos
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Vieira, Maria Eduarda Trento
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Magalhães, Giselle Modé
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2726281356078379
Psychology, as a science that aims to understand and care for human anguish and suffering, created within the capitalist system, can get lost in its studies by not considering the totality of individuals and the social implications of the concrete determinants of life during its action and research. Traditional Psychology is understood as perspectives that individualize subjects and propose development as a result of internal processes to the individual. Differently, Critical Psychology understands that there is a dialectical relationship between the subject and the social environment. Based on these conceptions, the present work aims to analyze how some authors of Traditional Psychology (e. g., Neuropsychology, Winnicott, and Lacan) understand and postulate the influence of the mode of organization and social production in the process of construction of human subjectivity. From the reading of these authors and their commentators, we seek to find similarities and differences between these perspectives. This movement, made possible by the critical thinking of theoretical productions, is necessary given the academic training for the action and research of future professionals in the area. The professional activity, whatever it may be, needs to be mediated and crossed by social, cultural, and historical issues so that it is not alienating.
Instituto de estudos superiores do Maranhão - iesma: origem histórico-educacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Sousa, Ana Lúcia Pinheiro Silva
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Tagliavini, João Virgílio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1979817459932992
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2210372042872419
This academic work emphasized the relations between the Catholic Church of São Luís of Maranhão and the local political and economic powers in the offer of higher education and in the control of the educational field, in contradiction with the secular state, proclaimed in the first constitution of the Republic. To understand this relationship, this one addressed the topic of the creation of confessional higher education institutions in Brazil and the religious formation in São Luís, beginning with the creation of a confessional higher institution, the University (Catholic) of Maranhão - UMA, giving rise to the Federal University of Maranhão – UFMA, and the history of the management of the Archbishop of São Luís, Dom José de Medeiros Delgado, leader of this process. This paper wonders the reason why, even having been founder and leader by the Sociedade Maranhese de Cultura Superior - SOMACS – the keeper of that University, before its federalization, in 1966, the local Church has not managed to create in it the desired course of theology for priestly formation. This dissertation ends with the history of the creation of IESMA, which took place under the SOMACS, after some years of inactivity. In 1976, with the creation of the institute, the new history of the church began with regard to the dreamed and idealized course of Theology. It raises the main question of the original project of this dissertation: why, even with so much influence and power in the educational field, the Catholic Church of São Luis of Maranhão would never have been able to create a theology course while its institutions were linked and were, to a large extent, partly financed by the government? Is the secular state capable of explaining this defeat of the Church? This question opens the present work to future researches.
Optimization and application of the quantum adiabatic theorem, and the quantum origin of classical interference
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Souza, Paulo José Paulino de
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Santos, Alan Costa dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1255357818067868
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
In this master’s thesis, we developed three different topics. In the first topic, we studied the quantum adiabatic brachistochrone method (QAB) for optimizing adiabatic dynamics. In the first part of this study, we reported the investigation of the charging and discharging processes of a transmon superconducting three-level quantum battery. The charging process was enhanced using the QAB method, in which we analyzed the effect of constraining the interpolation functions. We completed the battery study by showing that its self-discharging process, which is how the device loses its charge to the environment, is non- Ohmic. Furthermore, we considered the application of the QAB method to the adiabatic Grover algorithm for times when there are limited resources for its execution, for instance when there is a limit on the maximum power of the external fields or in the available total energy. The second part is concerned with the theory of the D-Wave’s quantum annealer and its limitations, as the lack of global connections between the qubits. For evaluating the state-of-the-art of this quantum simulator, we solved the traveling salesman problem on it. Moreover, we did a literature review about problems this processor can handle and different strategies to avoid its limitations. Finally, in the third topic, we proved that describing light-matter interaction using quantum fluctuations yields ambiguities for multi-modes of light. We showed that classical interference emerges in quantum optics due to collective bright and dark states of light. In a multi-mode case, the criterion for a ground-state atom to be excited is the existence of a projection on non-dark states rather than quantum fluctuations.
Manipulações das variáveis do treinamento de força ou fatores biológicos intrínsecos: o que determina a magnitude da hipertrofia muscular?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29)
Angleri, Vitor
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516265500891144
We aimed to investigate whether muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and associated molecular processes could be differently affected at the group and individual level by manipulating resistance training (RT) variables. Twenty resistance-trained subjects had each leg randomly allocated to either a standard RT (RT-CON: without specific variables manipulations) or a variable RT (RT-VAR: manipulation of load, volume, muscle action, and rest interval in a randomly session-by-session fashion). Muscle fCSA, satellite cell (SC) pool, myonuclei content, and gene expression were assessed before and after 16 RT sessions (chronic effect). Additionally, gene expression was assessed 24h after the last training session (an additional 17th session) (acute effect). RT-CON and RT-VAR increased fCSA and myonuclei domain in type I and II fibers after training (P < 0.05). SC and myonuclei content did not change for both conditions (P > 0.05). Pax-7, MyoD, MMP-2 and COL3A1 (chronic) and MGF, Pax-7, and MMP-9 (acute) increased similar for RT-CON and RT-VAR (P < 0.05). The increase in acute MyoG (acute) expression was significantly higher for the RT-VAR than RT-CON (P < 0.05). It was observed correlation between RT-CON and RT-VAR for the fCSA changes (r = 0.89). fCSA changes were correlated with satellite cells (r = 0.42) and myonuclei (r = 0.50) changes. Heatmap analyses showed coupled changes in fCSA, SC, and myonuclei responses at the individual level, regardless of the RT protocol. The high between and low within-subject variability regardless of RT protocol suggests that the intrinsic biological factors seem to be more important to explain the magnitude of fCSA gains in resistance-trained subjects.
Desempenho da cultura da soja na microbacia do Alto do Paranapanema baseado em modelagem de culturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30)
Moreira, Robson Rodrigues
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Nassif, Daniel Silveira Pinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2969535606899836
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6999338364828129
The soybean crop (Glycine max L.) is the main agricultural economic crop in Brazil. In 2018/2019 harvest it reached almost 114million of tons. Due to the physicochemical characteristics of the grains, it is widely used in human food, especially animals. However environmental variables and crop management are factors that can limit crop yield. Thus, technologies can help to increase crop yield, such as irrigation, different sowing periods and crop models tools. The region of interest, the upper Paranapanema micro basin, lacks data on crop yield in the agricultural sector, using generic indications from the state of São Paulo. Therefore, this proposal aims to evaluate soybean crop yield according to the different sowing dates, irrigation management and different sites based on DSSAT Cropgro-soybean crop model using 12 weather databases from different sites in the micro basin. These will be used to found potential crop yield for each site from 2009 to 2019 harvests. It was analyzed, in order to consider 12 different sites, 8 sowing dates and 6 water depths with available water capacity (CAD) parameter in the soil. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey, which were mapped and georeferenced on the region map. The average yield achievable was 2540 kg ha-1, with the municipality of Apiaí being the most efficient with 64.7%. The irrigation depth of 100% of the CAD was more efficient, as well as the sowing between the months of September and December, with an average of 2600 kg ha-1.
Suscetibilidade a processos erosivos lineares apoiada em análise estatística multivariada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30)
Neves, Monique de Paula
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1699155238483028
The present study aims to evaluated erosion susceptibility using multivariate analysis. The study area is Ribeirão do Meio watershed situated in São Pedro (SP). Gully erosion is an active and complex process in this watershed. In this study, gully erosion were investigated over 50 years, using aerial photographs for the years: 1960, 1972, 1988 and 2010. The procedures of the current study were developed in four main stepes: preparation of the erosion inventory; spatial analysis through GIS to obtain topographical and hydrological parameters; determination of topographic threshold (SxA) to obtain the gully initiations conditions; logistic regression (LR) analysis to evaluate the erosion susceptibility. The results showed that the logistic regression had overall fit and accuracy acceptable. Thus, these models were used to prepare erosion susceptibility maps. According to the results, the conditioning factors mainly were soil and sediments, slope, flow accumulation, rainfall erosivity and land use. The results also revealed that the map obtained is acceptable and indicated satisfactorily the erosion-prone areas. The susceptibility maps can represent an important tool for regional managers or planners. Finally, the procedures that were used, in terms of developing the logistic regression model was efficient and can be used other assessment of gully erosion.
Um estudo sobre a mobilidade ativa de idosos em uma cidade de porte médio a partir da abordagem socioecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30)
Bernal, Luciana Mação
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6245633021120476
The elderly population is increasing in Brazil and worldwide, highlighting the need for cities to prepare to welcome this population, guaranteeing them the quality of their mobility in a safe and autonomously way. This research aims to study the active mobility of the elderly in a medium-sized city based on a socioecological approach. This approach suggests verifying multiple levels of influence in the individual's relationship with the environment they are living in. For this study, four levels of influence were selected: individual, social, physical environment, and public policies. In other words, this study aims to identify factors that influence the active mobility of the elderly and to assess the perception of these individuals regarding each one of these factors. Furthermore, the study aims to analyze the importance of socioecological levels in the active mobility of the elderly. To achieve this, the most cited factors in the literature were selected and classified according to their respective socioecological level. After this stage, a questionnaire was developed and later applied in the city of São Carlos – SP, to assess the perception of the elderly to these selected factors. As a result, it was observed that at the individual level most of the elderly showed a positive attitude towards walking, demonstrating affinity with the practice. However, effectively, most of the elderly were classified as non-active individuals (walking less than 150 minutes a week). The social level indicated, in general, that support received from family and friends is neutral to encourage walking. Considering each factor in the social levels individually, family tends to encourage the elderly to walk more than encouragement from friends. The level of the physical environment of the neighborhood was also evaluated as neutral. Although factors such as the quality of sidewalks, aesthetics (eg. no weeds, garbage, etc.), and safety (eg. fear of being robbed or assaulted) were evaluated as bad, discouraging walking, factors such as mixed land-use and alternative paths acted as practice motivators. Regarding the political level, the elderly believe that public administration does not adequately maintain sidewalks and public spaces planned for pedestrians. Lastly, after evaluating the perception of the respondents, the binary logistic regression model was calibrated to verify which levels were most relevant for the elderly to be active, and from their results, a sensitivity analysis was performed to graphically represent the results obtained. It was observed that the most relevant level was the physical environment, followed by the individual level (represented by attitude) and social support level. The political level was not statistically significant in the regression model. In conclusion, understanding influence levels and verifying their importance is a starting point that allows city managers to plan their cities with a macro view. They can initially focus where intervention is most needed and, considering the elderly perception about factors corresponding to each level, it is possible to individually verify which one’s act as a barrier or stimulus, fostering information that makes it possible to create measures to encourage the active mobility of the elderly.
SiMut: um framework automatizado para apoiar a redução do custo do teste de mutação com base em similaridade de programas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-30)
Guarnieri, Giovanni Francesco
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8202174867891759
Context: Software testing is essential to ensure that the program actually correctly meets the user’s needs. Aware of the importance of this step, researchers have proposed several ways to identify program faults. Among the fault identification techniques, there is the mutation analysis criterion, or mutation testing, which has proven to be effective for fault identification, but, as it demands a high application cost, it is little efficient and hence avoided in the software industry. Given the potential of this criterion, researchers sought and presented ways to reduce the cost of mutation testing to make it more viable. However, as verified by several researchers, the results produced by cost reduction techniques for mutation testing applied in a program are valid only for the programs that were targeted in the performed experiments. Recently, some researchers, in their studies, have relied on the use of similarity between programs as a way to reuse experiences acquired in programs already tested with mutation testing. However, this is an approach that still lacks experiments using various forms of similarity. Objective: This work presents an implementation and evaluation of a framework called SiMut. This framework was introduced in a previous study with the aim of helping to reduce the cost of testing a program based on a group of similar programs previously tested with mutation. Methodology: The implementation presented in this work deals with programs written in the Java language and includes a set of variants that relate to three types of program abstractions (original source code, obfuscated source code, and internal complexity metrics), three similarity calculation strategies (clustering, distance functions between strings, and plagiarism) and a mutation cost reduction approach (inspired by Selective Mutation). The presented evaluation, using 35 small programs written in the Java language, covers 20 configurations varying the techniques of abstractions and similarities. Results: A cross-comparison involving the formed clusters and a comparison with randomly formed clusters points to configurations that tend to achieve high effectiveness in predicting the best mutation operators for programs not tested with mutation. Conclusions: Considering the configurations selected for the experiments, the results presented several combinations that are effective to predict the best mutation operators for untested programs, where the combinations that involved distance functions between strings stood out. Regarding the program abstractions used to calculate similarity, the original source code seems to be as relevant as the obfuscated source code and internal complexity metrics.