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Arilsulfonilação tri componente de diidrofurano e ésteres vinílicos via catálise dual níquel/fotorredox
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Pugnal, Lucas Valentin Bosi Loss; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3424206696587444; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-6319
The pursuit of synthetic protocols aligned to sustainability goals, increasingly necessary in the global context in which we operate, caused a great effort by synthetic chemists to develop photocatalytic methodologies applied to different transformations. Moreover, the development of novel cross-coupling protocols has remained in the academia focus since seminal reports in this field, which rendered the 2010 chemistry Nobel prize for Heck, Negishi and Suzuki. In the past few years, many research groups worked in order to combine both methods, which led to development of systems we now call metallaphotoredox. Such combination is highly interesting once it can merge both catalytical cycles in a synergistic way, mitigating their main individual disadvantages as well as paving the way for new reactivities, unreachable by both methodologies alone. Among its numerous applications, intermolecular alkene difunctionalization has been widely explored in recent years. In this context, in this work the development of a new strategy for tricomponent arylsulfonylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran and vinyl esters via dual Ni/photoredox catalysis took place. Employment of the developed protocol led to 35 examples of arylsulfonylated tetrahydrofuran scaffolds with yields up to 95% and 3 examples of arylsulfonylated vinyl esters.
O modo de organização social como dimensão formativa da subjetividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Spindola, Caroline dos Santos; Santos, Hugo Luiz Cardoso dos; Vieira, Maria Eduarda Trento; Magalhães, Giselle Modé; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2726281356078379
Psychology, as a science that aims to understand and care for human anguish and suffering, created within the capitalist system, can get lost in its studies by not considering the totality of individuals and the social implications of the concrete determinants of life during its action and research. Traditional Psychology is understood as perspectives that individualize subjects and propose development as a result of internal processes to the individual. Differently, Critical Psychology understands that there is a dialectical relationship between the subject and the social environment. Based on these conceptions, the present work aims to analyze how some authors of Traditional Psychology (e. g., Neuropsychology, Winnicott, and Lacan) understand and postulate the influence of the mode of organization and social production in the process of construction of human subjectivity. From the reading of these authors and their commentators, we seek to find similarities and differences between these perspectives. This movement, made possible by the critical thinking of theoretical productions, is necessary given the academic training for the action and research of future professionals in the area. The professional activity, whatever it may be, needs to be mediated and crossed by social, cultural, and historical issues so that it is not alienating.
Optimization and application of the quantum adiabatic theorem, and the quantum origin of classical interference
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Souza, Paulo José Paulino de; Santos, Alan Costa dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1255357818067868; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4170390624045232
In this master’s thesis, we developed three different topics. In the first topic, we studied the quantum adiabatic brachistochrone method (QAB) for optimizing adiabatic dynamics. In the first part of this study, we reported the investigation of the charging and discharging processes of a transmon superconducting three-level quantum battery. The charging process was enhanced using the QAB method, in which we analyzed the effect of constraining the interpolation functions. We completed the battery study by showing that its self-discharging process, which is how the device loses its charge to the environment, is non- Ohmic. Furthermore, we considered the application of the QAB method to the adiabatic Grover algorithm for times when there are limited resources for its execution, for instance when there is a limit on the maximum power of the external fields or in the available total energy. The second part is concerned with the theory of the D-Wave’s quantum annealer and its limitations, as the lack of global connections between the qubits. For evaluating the state-of-the-art of this quantum simulator, we solved the traveling salesman problem on it. Moreover, we did a literature review about problems this processor can handle and different strategies to avoid its limitations. Finally, in the third topic, we proved that describing light-matter interaction using quantum fluctuations yields ambiguities for multi-modes of light. We showed that classical interference emerges in quantum optics due to collective bright and dark states of light. In a multi-mode case, the criterion for a ground-state atom to be excited is the existence of a projection on non-dark states rather than quantum fluctuations.
Instituto de estudos superiores do Maranhão - iesma: origem histórico-educacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Sousa, Ana Lúcia Pinheiro Silva; Tagliavini, João Virgílio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1979817459932992; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2210372042872419
This academic work emphasized the relations between the Catholic Church of São Luís of Maranhão and the local political and economic powers in the offer of higher education and in the control of the educational field, in contradiction with the secular state, proclaimed in the first constitution of the Republic. To understand this relationship, this one addressed the topic of the creation of confessional higher education institutions in Brazil and the religious formation in São Luís, beginning with the creation of a confessional higher institution, the University (Catholic) of Maranhão - UMA, giving rise to the Federal University of Maranhão – UFMA, and the history of the management of the Archbishop of São Luís, Dom José de Medeiros Delgado, leader of this process. This paper wonders the reason why, even having been founder and leader by the Sociedade Maranhese de Cultura Superior - SOMACS – the keeper of that University, before its federalization, in 1966, the local Church has not managed to create in it the desired course of theology for priestly formation. This dissertation ends with the history of the creation of IESMA, which took place under the SOMACS, after some years of inactivity. In 1976, with the creation of the institute, the new history of the church began with regard to the dreamed and idealized course of Theology. It raises the main question of the original project of this dissertation: why, even with so much influence and power in the educational field, the Catholic Church of São Luis of Maranhão would never have been able to create a theology course while its institutions were linked and were, to a large extent, partly financed by the government? Is the secular state capable of explaining this defeat of the Church? This question opens the present work to future researches.
Manipulações das variáveis do treinamento de força ou fatores biológicos intrínsecos: o que determina a magnitude da hipertrofia muscular?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Angleri, Vitor; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516265500891144
We aimed to investigate whether muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and associated molecular processes could be differently affected at the group and individual level by manipulating resistance training (RT) variables. Twenty resistance-trained subjects had each leg randomly allocated to either a standard RT (RT-CON: without specific variables manipulations) or a variable RT (RT-VAR: manipulation of load, volume, muscle action, and rest interval in a randomly session-by-session fashion). Muscle fCSA, satellite cell (SC) pool, myonuclei content, and gene expression were assessed before and after 16 RT sessions (chronic effect). Additionally, gene expression was assessed 24h after the last training session (an additional 17th session) (acute effect). RT-CON and RT-VAR increased fCSA and myonuclei domain in type I and II fibers after training (P < 0.05). SC and myonuclei content did not change for both conditions (P > 0.05). Pax-7, MyoD, MMP-2 and COL3A1 (chronic) and MGF, Pax-7, and MMP-9 (acute) increased similar for RT-CON and RT-VAR (P < 0.05). The increase in acute MyoG (acute) expression was significantly higher for the RT-VAR than RT-CON (P < 0.05). It was observed correlation between RT-CON and RT-VAR for the fCSA changes (r = 0.89). fCSA changes were correlated with satellite cells (r = 0.42) and myonuclei (r = 0.50) changes. Heatmap analyses showed coupled changes in fCSA, SC, and myonuclei responses at the individual level, regardless of the RT protocol. The high between and low within-subject variability regardless of RT protocol suggests that the intrinsic biological factors seem to be more important to explain the magnitude of fCSA gains in resistance-trained subjects.
Estudo sobre a formação da interface em soldas dissimilares de alumínio e aço galvanizado durante o processo de soldagem por fricção por ponto (RFSSW) com controle por carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Ferrari, Vítor Ramos; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382758202280129
In the current scientific and technological scenario, the increased demand for dissimilar joints aiming a combination of optimized mechanical properties has driven innovations. Based on this, the present project proposes an in-depth study to elucidate the metallurgical aspects involved in the interface formation of dissimilar welds between aluminum alloy (AA6016-T6) and Zn-coated DX56D steel joined by refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) using load control. The main process parameters effects were evaluated through statistical methods and analysis. Subsequently, the metallurgical aspect was assessed through multi-scale microstructural characterization (optical and electron microscopy), mechanical tests (lap shear and microhardness) and thermal measurements (differential scanning calorimetry and thermal cycle). For the studied dissimilar joints, Zn incipient melting coupled with the presence of a low temperature eutetic reaction for an overall chemical composition Al – 88.7 %at. Zn led to semi-solid structure formation. The presence of liquid phases was essential for the process lubrication and interface protection from oxide contamination. When rapidly dispersed along the stir zone, the Zn-rich liquid phases also presented a directly influence on interfacial reaction, enabling the sheets joining through Al5F2(Si) intermetallic compounds formation. Therefore, the complex relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties were discussed in terms of material flow and Zn-induced intermetallic compounds growth acceleration. The bake hardening presented a substantial influence on diffusional precipitation mechanisms, maximizing the joints ultimate lap shear strength while limiting the sheets secondary bending. Overall, the results highlight a great potential of load-controlled RFSSW method for producing high-strength dissimilar joints through short thermal cycles, which is favorable for applications in automotive industries.
Valores éticos e estéticos na formação ambiental em trilha ecológica: promoção e investigação de atividades para trilhas educativas no Cerrado associadas à tecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-29) Ghidini, Milena Sciascio; Valenti, Mayla Wilik Roese; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776925150492600
The present study had as guiding themes the Environmental Education and the technology associated with Environmental Education. Themes that were thought based on a systemic and integrated vision of human beings with the environment and with other living beings on the planet. The general objective of this study was to investigate conceptions, practices and approaches about values in Environmental Education in ecological educational trails, aiming to establish specific instruments, which were evaluated. To support the reflections brought into this study, the Environmental Education approach was adopted, according to Carvalho (2006), with an integrated and complex view of interconnected dimensions in participation and citizenship, knowledge and ethical and aesthetic values. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, we were based on qualitative and applied research, by means of (interviews with members of the extension project, specialists in related areas and with people responding to the application/technology evaluation questionnaire. These instruments allowed the collection of data and information, analyzed through techniques based on and inspired by discursive textual analysis (DTA). The main results of this dissertation were generated throughout: a script of proposed activities applied in educational ecological contexts; a script integrated to the application developed by Startup Fubá - Environmental Education and evaluation of the use of this application. It is concluded that there should be a greater integration between the themes in the values dimension and Environmental Education, in order to increase the reach of actions and activities that can be carried out in different contexts, mobilizing and involving society, generating beneficial behaviors to the environment. Also, this will help understanding the current socio-environmental problems present in society and contributing to the creation of a new paradigm of relationship between human beings and the environment. This can be achieved, for example, from the systematic construction of a roadmap focused on values, in which there is a planning of activities in the practices of Environmental Education projects and programs that intentionally address the dimension of ethical and aesthetic values. Besides, it is possible to work on themes related to values integrating Environmental Education to technology by means of an interactive script via a gamified application.