Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2022-03-31"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em unidades pediátricas hospitalares e o cuidado centrado na família: percepção de gestores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Ramos, Aline Landim; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3462844140894092; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-8082
The quality and safety of nursing care in a pediatric hospital unit involves the dimensioning of nursing staff and the incorporation of the philosophy “care centered on the person of the child and the family”. The objective of this study was to know the perceptions of managers of pediatric hospital units, about the dimensioning of nursing staff and its implications for family-centered care. This is a qualitative study, developed with nine nurses with experience in managing pediatric hospitals, located using the snow ball technique. A single semi-structured interview, conducted remotely, using the Google Meet platform, the strategy adopted for data collection. Their average duration was 20 minutes and all interviews were developed by the researcher who authored this study. The thematic analysis in Braun & Clarke's proposal was conducted, supported by the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism. Data collection took place from January to September 2021. The results are presented from two thematic units: “Weaknesses of patient classification systems and creation of adjustments” and “Thinking about Family-Centered Care and its incorporation” in the dimensioning of nursing staff”. The first unit reveals the perception that the national instrument for classifying pediatric patients is fragile, lacking in the consideration of specific characteristics and particularities of nursing work, when there is an emphasis on family demands and care for the child's family member/companion. Given this understanding, the manager does not faithfully adopt the instrument, but adjusts its result based on elements related to these weaknesses and the context of care. Although the family member is recognized, his/her insertion in the care setting was described in the direction of health education and with little intention of building collaborative relationships that make him/her at the center of care. The manager's actions were not evidenced to correlate the reception of the family member and the dimensioning of the nursing staff. The workload placed on the nursing professional, in the daily practice of health care, in pediatric units is related to the quality and safety of care. The study developed contributed to the discussion on the sizing of nursing staff in pediatric units, which has revealed timid advances since the proposal of the Brazilian pediatric patient classification instrument, in 2014. It also brings elements for the articulation between staff sizing of nursing with family-centered care, a pressing aspect, otherwise families will continue to be denied or reduced to people who provide child care and need to be trained for it.
Habilidades preditoras da aprendizagem matemática de crianças de até 06 anos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Devitte, Flávia Cristina Borrajo; Brino, Rachel de Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4179792754177196
To date, there are gaps in publications in the Brazilian scientific literature on the systematic analysis of behaviors identified in early childhood education that are predictors of formal mathematics education. Thus, the objective of this research is to present, through a systematic review of the literature based on the PRISMA method, which behaviors, terms and descriptors are being used for these mathematical repertoires in children under 06 years of age. The databases used were APA PsycNet, CAPES Periodicals, Pepsic, Scielo, Science Direct and Web of Science. A search was carried out through 11 pre-established descriptors, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. A total of 3,374 articles were found and, after analyzing the eligibility criteria, 62 articles were included in the sample. The articles that were included showed a higher incidence in the descriptor Mathematics in early childhood education. A total of 41 different terms were found to entitle this stage of development prior to learning mathematics. In view of the cut made of the behaviors pointed out by the included articles, we can observe a total of 262 behaviors. Given the sets and behaviors presented, we propose a classification of previous behaviors for mathematical learning: Calculation, Cardinality, Comparison, Counting, One-to-One Correspondence, Shapes, Numerical Lines, Measure/Space/Time, Model, Numbers, Sorting, Quantification, Resolution of Problems, Similarity and Difference.
Lógos e Eä: a individuação junguiana na obra de J.R.R. Tolkien
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Perassoli Junior, Sérgio Ricardo; Rossi, Aparecido Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0428069285054155; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4480952900397769
This research aims to analyze and investigate the individuation process in the fictional universe composed by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Our objects of study are the novel The Lord of The Rings (1954-1955) and some narratives present in The Silmarillion (1977). The individuation process, a concept developed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl G. Jung, is characterized as the psyche's tendency to find balance and completeness. This tendency manifests itself in the journey of the characters Beren, Lúthien, Eärendil, Elwing, Galadriel, Aragorn, and Frodo, to point out a few examples. Tolkien's narratives also suggest that the individuation takes place not only in characters or through characters but constitutes an element that shapes the universe created by the author. To enrich the analysis, literary theorists such as Northrop Frye and Gaston Bachelard, who were influenced by Carl Jung's archetypal psychology, will be presented. If necessary, we will also examine Freudian psychoanalysis to understand the rich and complex narrative of the author. This research also intends to illustrate the importance of Jung's ideas and concepts for literature studies and criticism itself.
Dar e receber um abraço: uma análise da conversão em português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Calcia, Nathalia Perussi; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230905960655088
Defined by G. Gross (1989) as a formal operation that establishes a relation of paraphrastic equivalence between two elementary constructions, Conversion has been gaining prominence in works in the area of linguistic description, specifically, for two reasons: it is one of the most productive transformational properties, in relation to the number of occurrences, that constructions with support verb and predicate noun can present and, until then, there were few studies that took it as the main object of analysis in Brazilian Portuguese, being the description prepared for the most complete French language. Currently, Conversion has descriptions for Romanian, European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese. In this relation, the predicate noun is maintained and the position of the arguments is changed, without causing a semantic change, that is, the semantic roles of these arguments remain the same, despite the change in syntactic position (Helena deu um abraço no Pedro/ Pedro recebeu um abraço da Helena). In constructions that are related by Conversion, the active orientation sentence and the active support verb itself are named standard, while the equivalents, of passive order, are named converses. Based on a syntactic-semantic description methodology known as Lexicon-Grammar (M. GROSS, 1975, 1981), in this new phase of the study, which follows Calcia (2016), the lexical entries underwent an update (quantitative and qualitative) and were reclassified into five major classes and subdivided according to the type of subject of the converse construction. Such classes refer to names that are constructed with the pairs FR (fazer-receber), FS (fazer-sofrer), DR (dar-receber), DL (dar-levar) and TT (ter-ter). It is considered that the description of the syntactic phenomenon of Conversion is important for the contribution to linguistic studies, especially descriptive ones, in Brazilian Portuguese. In addition, the formalization of data in binary matrices results in a resource that can be applied in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, such as those related to the use of paraphrases.
O processo de construção identitária e pertencimento étnico-racial de estudantes pardos no ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Almeida, Tatiane Martins Moacir de; Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6640930449636796
The present work aimed to analyze the processes of identity construction and ethnicracial belonging of brown students, coming from interracial families and students of higher education at the Federal University of São Carlos. Mostly, studies on affirmative action policies and processes of democratization of access to higher education in Brazil have prioritized the analysis of the profile of students in the economic, gender, ethnic-racial and area of entry dimensions, in addition to studies on performance, trajectory and insertion in the labor market. In this sense, this research is configured as a case study that was developed through bibliographic analysis, through interviews with self-declared brown students from interracial families, from different areas of knowledge, whether or not they opted for admission through the affirmative. The interviews made it possible to listen to self-declared brown students who experience the dilemma of belonging or not belonging due to their skin pigmentation and phenotypic traits. The speeches demonstrate that the university impacts on the construction of identity and ethnic-racial belonging, in the same way it has an impact on families when dealing with issues related to race and gender and by encouraging other family members to enter a public university.
Estudo da transferência de calor e de massa em um leito fixo espesso de grãos de sorgo com reversão de sentido do escoamento de ar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Barbosa, Luan da Silva; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7228332759151003
Drying is one of the highest cost unit operations in the chemical industry, with complex momentum, heat and mass transfer mechanisms. The main objective of this work was to develop a systematic study on thick layer drying, focusing on specific and particular aspects of the sorghum grain, in addition to improving the instrumentation and operation of the data acquisition unit. Sorghum grains were pre-humidified before being placed into the fixed bed. Temperature and moisture measurements were taken over time for different axial positions during drying with and without reversal of the air flow direction at operating temperatures of 50 and 60°C and air velocity of 2,1 m∙s-1. The reversal started at the initial time of 10 min with a change in the air flow direction every 30 min. Reverse drying effectively decreased temperature and moisture gradients along the axial positions compared to conventional drying with upward airflow. Both thermal and mass experiments demonstrated that the drying of sorghum is controlled entirely by diffusion, being a slower process than the drying of inorganic materials. Previous thin layer essays at 40, 50 and 60°C and air velocity of 2,1 m∙s-1 showed that drying had the two phases of decreasing rates usual in diffusion-controlled processes. In fact, both heat and mass transfer measurements showed that the drying of sorghum was entirely diffusion controlled, being a slower process than the drying of inorganic materials. The kinetic models that best fit the thin layer drying data at the three temperatures were the Page and Overhults models, with R² of 0.999. A comparison was made between the drying, in a fixed bed and thick layer, of sorghum with that of alumina and barley. The similarity of the moisture and temperature profiles between sorghum and barley was observed, as they are both organic materials, as well as greater gradients remain at the end of barley drying due to its irregular shape, 4 times larger size and lower thermal conductivity when compared to drying sorghum. Comparing the drying of sorghum with the drying of alumina, it was possible to verify the difficulty that this material presents in order to represent a grain well, because, despite not shrinking (an ideal characteristic), it undergoes the re-wetting process when the reversion of air flow is applied, since half of the drying time is controlled by the convective mechanism.
Material particulado atmosférico da cidade de São Carlos e sua toxicidade em culturas de células pulmonares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Nascimento, Rita de Kássia Silva do; Zucolotto, Valtencir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768000922241088; Urban, Roberta Cerasi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4494001617526184
PM air pollution is one of the principal causes of health problems in many regions’ world. This potential may be associated with the more than 500 compounds with toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects already identified in PM that can originate from different natural and anthropogenic sources. Thus, the present study proposed to assess the chemical composition of PM10 from the city of São Carlos-SP and its toxicity in lung cells, tumor alveolar epithelial (A549), and non-tumor fibroblasts (MRC5). PM10 samples were collected for 24 h in 2016 and subjected to chemical analysis for the PAHs and their derivatives determination, in addition to analyzing saccharides and water-soluble ions to assist in the PM10 emission sources identification to the atmosphere. In vitro biological analyzes of cell viability, ROS, and cell proliferation were performed to evaluate the toxicity of PM10 extracts. The annual mean PM10 concentration was 21.12 ± 9.90 μg m-3, lower than that legislated limit in Brazil but higher than that recommended by the WHO. In these samples, the principal emission sources were: biomass burning with secondary aerosols, biomass burning and fossil fuels, biogenic aerosols, and soil. The risk to human health from exposure to PAHs estimated by BaPE was 3.09 ± 4.23 lung cancer cases per 100,000 people. Furthermore, biological analyzes identified a significant reduction in the viability of A549 and MRC5 cells, exposed to PM10 extracts for 72 h, and also the formation of ROS. In the face of these results, given the observed toxicological effects, it is concluded that more studies are needed with different cell lines and better control and reduction of PM emissions to the atmosphere.
Metodologia de análise química e técnicas de metalografia na reciclagem da lata de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Ferreira, Jéssica Evelise; Carvalho, Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6211067303954955; Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
Aluminum is a versatile metal and has remarkable characteristics, such as good appearance, corrosion resistance and low density, used in several applications such as civil construction, transport and packaging. The use of primary aluminum extracted from mineral resources is still expressive, but due to its high recyclability, low loss of physical-chemical properties and reduced energy consumption, the recycling process is fundamental for economy and sustainability. Thus, beverage cans play a key role in this market, since a can goes through the entire cycle of processing, consumption, disposal, and recycling in just a few months. Although aluminum can recycling has great relevance, there are few experimental studies that relate chemical and metallographic control methods of smelting parameters in aluminum recycling recovery. In this context, the objective of the present work is the bibliographical research of the techniques of chemical and metallographic analysis carried out during the recycling process of aluminum cans and the elaboration of a technical apostille aimed in higher education. The results were obtained from the consultation of national (ABNT) and international (ASTM) technical standards, technical books from ASM's Metals Handbook collection, and specific articles available in CAPES journals. It approaches the evaluation of the alloys that compose the aluminum can, through the analysis of the chemical composition by Optical Emission Spectroscopy and the microstructural analysis of the metallic alloy, using metallographic techniques. The summary of these best practices was made available in a apostille, with the aim of application and use in higher education. The proposed theme is of great importance for the development of professional and academic knowledge in quality control in the recycling of aluminum beverage cans.
Reaproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais de frutas obtidos por meio de manejo convencional e orgânico: estudo de métodos para a extração verde e sustentável de compostos bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Segatto, Mateus Lodi; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; Zuin, Vânia Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170566562614154
The magnitude of the Brazilian agricultural and agro industrial market impresses by its greatness, but it is also the cause of serious concerns regarding the amount of waste generated and how to handle such residues. This kind of material comprises several chemically-interesting fractions, some of which potentially carrying bioactive compounds that could add value to the process when extracted, integrating biomass-based chemical platforms (biorefineries) when allied to other products and processes. Notably, organic agricultural systems could be interesting feedstocks for biorefineries, as they are not only considered greener production models, but also because they are often linked to a higher presence of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites that have bioactive properties. The central objective of this work is to extract, through green methods, the main bioactive compounds from the processing waste of fruits from both conventional and organic agricultural systems produced in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Chemometric tools were used on experimental design and data assessment to evaluate and optimize different green extraction methods. Considering mango (Mangifera indica) processing waste, Homogenizer-Assisted Extraction (HAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) were studied, tested and optimized using ethanol-water (ethanolic) mixtures as solvents and assessing the extraction yield of mangiferin and hyperoside as responses. The use of aqueous solutions of Ionic Liquids (ILs) was also tested and discussed as viable solvent alternatives. Regarding guava (Psidium guajava) processing waste samples, the study was focused on improving the extraction yield of quercetin and vanillin with acidic ethanolic solutions (HCl), using HAE and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) techniques. Besides that, as a proof-of-concept, the use of Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) was assessed as a tool for the screening of solvents and mixtures of solvents that allow a higher extraction yield of hesperidin from orange peels (Citrus sinensis). All extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography and the compounds were quantified using calibration curves obtained with commercially available analytical standards. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the assessment of the parameters that affect each extraction technique, as well as the optimization of these variables in terms of the extraction yield. Lastly, biological activity assays were conducted to evaluate the potential use of the ethanolic extracts from mango and guava processing wastes as biocidal products. Mango extracts and mangiferin and hyperoside standards were tested against the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, while both mango and guava extracts were assessed for their insecticidal activity against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera moth and nymphs of the neotropical brown stink bug (Euschistus heros). In order to assess the selectivity of the extracts as a pesticidal product, phytotoxic assays were conducted on soybean plants (Glycine max).
Resposta espécie-específica à perturbação humana na seleção de local de nidificação de dois sabiás urbanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Ferreira, Mariane Paduin; Batisteli, Augusto Florisvaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2107797655834765; Sarmento, Hugo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9381513419321864
Nest-site selection is an important decision for birds, relating to offspring survival and parental investiment. Considering the trade off of different strategies and the quality of available spaces, this decision may change in response to environmental changes. In urban environments, human disturbance can affect birds’ reproduction in different ways, but there are still relatively few studies testing the role of human disturbance in nest-site choice. The goal of this study was to identify plasticity in nest-site selection for Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas, VIEILLOT, 1818) and for Creamy- bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus, CABANIS, 1850), in higher and lower human disturbance situations on an university campus in southeastern Brazil. Nests were located during five breeding seasons, three with higher (2017-2019) and two with lower human movement due to COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021), the nests’ height in relation to the ground was analyzed and its distance to the nearest human passageway. Results showed the more intense people moviment, higher were the nest heights for T. amaurochalinus. For the distance between nests and human passageways, there was a significant difference between the species as well and the more intense people movement proved to have na influence only for T. leucomelas, which in those years built its nests further away from the passageways. For both species, human disturbance may influence nest-site selection in a species-specific behavioral response.
Repercussões da dança folclórica alemã sob a perspectiva de pessoas com deficiência e demais participantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-03-31) Silva, Bruna Poliana; Munster, Mey de Abreu Van; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5748663536697045
German Folk Dance is a group dance, the dancers being gathered in circles, lines or in pairs. Choreographies represent different situations that relate to German culture, so as to preserve the richness of this culture by the means of dance. Among the participants, one finds some disabled persons. Up to now, there have been no identified studies on German Folk Dance in regard to its impact on the lives of disabled persons. The general objective of this study was to understand the influence of German Folk Dance in the life of disabled persons. The specific objectives were: a) to analyse the meaning of German Folk Dance in the life of disabled persons; b) to identify the impressions of family and dance group members in regard to the participation of disabled persons; and c) to investigate the possibilities and limits of the teaching of German Folk Dance in the perspective of group coordinators. The research was developed in a qualitative exploratory approach as a case study. As an instrument for data collection, the researched has used sociodemographic questionnaires and semi structured interviews. Due to participants’ location, data collection was carried out online, via the open applications Google Forms and Google Meet. Interviews were manually transcribed. Participants of the data collection were 19 coordinators, 10 group members with disabilities, 10 family members, and 10 fellow group members. Data was treated by thematic analysis and results have been presented in three parts: a) characteristic description of participants; b) description and discussion of the 10 cases; c) thematic analysis in three sections. First, on the meaning of German folk dance for people with disabilities, about which participants have mentioned terms such as “fun”, “presentation” and “attire”. Second comes the impressions of friends and family, who have mentioned “motivation”, “inclusion”, “autonomy”, and “learning about a new culture”. In regard to the possibilities of the teaching of German Folk Dance, coordinators have mentioned benefits in social, physical, cultural and cognitive aspects; in regard to its limits, they have mentioned familiar aid, coordinator training, and attitudinal barriers. One can conclude that German Folk Dance allows the participation of both people with and without disabilities, preserving popular traditions and a felling of togetherness among all participants, which has a positive impact in their lives.