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Estratégias de consagração e de valorização da matemática por meio da OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05) Souza Neto, João Alves de; Vilela, Denise Silva; Farias, José Vilani de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447633775917499; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3915260629619142; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5216-2023; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-3420
Neste artigo apresentamos alguns resultados de pesquisa sobre a Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas, a OBMEP. Trata-se da maior olimpíada de Matemática do mundo, promovida e organizada por matemáticos de formação, abrangendo escolas de mais de 99% dos municípios do Brasil. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma visão sociológica desta competição, de acordo com o referencial teórico-metodológico de Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002). Com base em um desenho do campo da matemática é possível interpretar a OBMEP como uma estratégia dos matemáticos para valorizar, consagrar e legitimar o seu modo de fazer e de ver a Matemática, impondo essa visão à escola. São analisados documentos, como cartazes, sites de divulgação, artigos e outros materiais de domínio público. Por meio dessa análise, compreendemos que existem práticas de inculcação de crenças, de valorização e de legitimação de uma Matemática, a acadêmica. Veicula-se também, por meio da OBMEP, que é essa Matemática que é base e alavanca para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do País.
Tensões entre educação tradicional e uso de TDIC no ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05) Galizia, Fernando Stanzione; Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli; Vilela, Denise Silva; Carnio, Michel Pisa; Bretones, Paulo Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7908630593356660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0016646045895716; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-0733; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-8102; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-7633; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-8277
Este artigo objetiva discutir como se organizou, durante o período de isolamento social devido à pandemia de COVID-19 em 2020, o trabalho docente de professores da Educação Básica, de diferentes áreas, das redes de ensino de São Carlos, uma cidade do interior de São Paulo – Brasil. Por meio da aplicação de um questionário online, entre os meses de maio a junho de 2020, buscamos descrever, analisar e interpretar quais foram as influências do ensino remoto emergencial e do uso de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) no comportamento pessoal e, sobretudo, profissional desses professores. Os resultados, apresentados de forma dialogada com as ideias de um conjunto variado de autores, indicam que, em linhas gerais, no contexto pandêmico, aspectos tradicionais da educação escolar permaneceram recorrentes, em uma direção contrária às demandas de informatização impostas pela pandemia. As conclusões deste texto nos levam a ponderar sobre a relevância de professores e alunos terem o real entendimento a respeito das novas tecnologias, a fim de utilizá-las reflexiva e pedagogicamente; sobre a necessidade que se impõe de todos esses agentes estarem imersos na cultura digital; e sobre a urgência de repensarmos algumas questões frente ao que temos vivenciado, tais como quais são os fins da educação, o papel social e político do professor, a noção de autonomia docente; dentre outras.
Concepção de atitudes em relação à marca de refrigerante de cola a partir do modelo de equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Souza, Thamyres Ferreira de; Santos, Silvana Lopes dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643423784795201; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5048126730158523
The stimulus equivalence paradigm allows for the experimental identification of symbolic functions and has been used to verify attitudes with regard to their evaluative nature. This research investigated the extent to which participants' pre-experimental history can interfere with their attitudes toward brands. Twenty college students were trained to respond to a brand, an abstract painting, and a negative face as being equivalent. A brand relationship form was used to investigate each individual's history toward the soft drink. Symmetry and transitivity relation tests were conducted after training. Most participants related the brand to the negative face. It was possible to verify that pre-experimental history has a relationship with the formation or not of equivalence classes.
Contribuição para ampliação da formação de arquitetos e urbanistas no manejo sustentável de águas pluviais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Parra, Geovana Geloni; Masiero, Érico; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904401925241642
It is important that cities keep up with technological developments that enable more sustainable urban planning. Despite the professional attributions defined by Brazilian Federal Law No. 12,378 of December 31, 2010, which regulates the practice of Architecture and Urbanism, the number of qualified and experienced professionals to deal with project and planning actions integrated to the sustainable management of rainwater is still is restricted in Brazil. Considering that many architects and urban planners enter the job market without having sufficient knowledge for this type of planning, it is essential that Architecture and Urbanism courses include in their curriculum the study of sustainable management of rainwater, instead of only conventional drainage processes. The present work aims to analyze and discuss how the sustainable management of urban rainwater has been addressed in the training of Architects and Urbanists at the national level and to propose guidelines for its incorporation in the training of qualified professionals. The work method consists of reviewing the literature on the subject, verifying the experiences of national and international Architecture and Urbanism courses, and identifying professionals who are working as professors in Universities. As a result, 2 courses were found that address LID and WSUD concepts within their curriculum and 13 courses that address Green Infrastructure, in addition, a difference was found within the training structure of international courses with Brazilian courses, these presenting a much more generalist training. After understanding all the results of the analysis of the pedagogical plans of the courses, it was possible to elaborate a suggestion of guidelines and teaching plans that contemplate the most sustainable management of rainwater integrated with Architecture and Urbanism. These suggestions were divided into 5 major areas: Architectural Design; Urbanism Project; Urban planning; Landscaping and Technological Areas Project. Finally, it is important to conclude that it is necessary to incorporate content into curriculum, mainly related to hydrology, that teachers are trained to be able to teach this concept of integrated planning to rainwater management and that the bibliographic references used are updated so that they add concepts more sustainable.
Perspectivas sobre socialização de estudantes universitários com deficiência física: entre estigmas e vivências no meio acadêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Souza, Sara Barbarelli de; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2933697428009468
This research investigated the perceptions and experiences that university students with physical disabilities (PWD) have about the relationship between socialization and stigma in the academic environment. As hypotheses, we have that: i) People without disabilities due to lack of preparation or moral and ethical values, do not know how to deal with the body of people with disabilities, in the sense that this marked body reveals barriers and differences ; ii) Misrepresentation that disability is a disease - negatively impacts social interactions and self-image of people with disabilities ; iii) hypothesis about the impacts of stigma on the experience and symbolic representation of people with disabilities. The general objective of the study was to investigate and understand, from the perspective of university students with physical disabilities, the relationship between stigma and experience in the academic environment. The specific objectives were: i) to investigate the representations about being a PCD; ii) investigate the history of entering and living in the university context and possible situations of stigmatization; iii) investigate social and affective-sexual relationships in the university context. The present study used procedures and techniques of the dialectical hermeneutic approach. It is an empirical, qualitative, descriptive-interpretative research, in which investigated the universe of experiences and representations about being a person with physical disabilities inserted in the academic environment. 5 university students (undergraduate and graduate) with physical disabilities and linked to public (4) and private (1) institutions participated in the research.The research instrument was a semi-structured interview script, in a virtual environment, depending on the health recommendations due to the pandemic by covid19. The interviews were carried out via the Google Meet virtual platform.The data obtained through the collection were treated from the thematic content analysis. In general, through content analysis, the objective is to transform inferences from a given context into specialized and scientific procedures (Bardin, 1979; Minayo, 2014). The research was based on the theoretical frameworks of Minayo (2014), where more specifically, with thematic content analysis, the objective is to discover the nuclei of meaning that are present in communication and that mean something to the intended analytical object. The analysis resulted in 07 thematic categories and their respective nuclei of analysis: 1. Disability stigmas - sought to highlight the meanings that the daily experiences of coping with stigma provided; 2. The affective/subjective dimension and the psychological effects of stigma; 3. Reconstruction of senses and meanings about being a PWD - perceptions of being and feeling as a person with a disability (initial perceptions about the body and about difference); 4. Construction of citizenship: Human and social rights - perception of oneself as a subject of rights; 5. Interaction and Intersubjectivity between people with disabilities and people without disabilities; 6. History of admission and permanence in higher education - previous and current educational trajectories that supported perceptions regarding obstacles and the desire to enter higher education; 7. The place of the body in the life of the PCD person. We emphasize that the social interaction between students with disabilities and students without disabilities was more inclusive and welcoming in higher education than in basic education; and the relevant social protagonism of PWD students was a factor in deconstructing stigmas in social and affective relationships in the academic environment.
Coparentalidade e o desenvolvimento da cognição social em crianças pré-escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Oliveira, Pedro Carrara de; Souza, Débora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056800048905739
Several studies have investigated the ability of young children to discriminate between good and bad information in new learning situations in a phenomenon known as Selective Trust or Selective Learning. Some studies have been particularly interested in the factors that control selective learning such as the informant's gender, the informat's familiarity, the reliability history, among others. In Brazil, however, the number of surveys on selective trust is still limited. The present study aims to contribute to this line of investigation in the country by investigating the role of parents' coparental relationship in the selective trust of Brazilian children. The original project had provided the participation of thirty-six children from 4 to 6 years old; however, due to difficulties in reaching participants to join the online survey, only 6 families (6 children and 12 parents) participated, out of a total of 41 individuals who had manifested interest). To assess selective trust, the classical paradigm was used, which involved a naming task and two potential informants with distinct reliability histories (i.e., one informant always provides the wrong name of an object and the other always names it correctly). To assess coparenting, the Coparental Relationship Scale was used, which was delivered to parents via google forms. The results indicate that parents' scores on 3 subscales of the Coparental Relationship scale [e.g. coparental support (mother), coparental sabotage (mother) and coparental support (father)] are directly related to the performance of their children in the Selective Trust task. The results also suggest correlations between the scores of mothers and fathers on 6 subscales of the Coparental Relationship Scale. In conclusion, the present study also demonstrates that online data collection is a possible tool for experimental research in psychology, facilitating the participation of people who live far from universities or who are in social isolation due to the Covid-19 pandemic, although dissemination via social networks has not achieved the expected results.
A atuação de psicólogos escolares diante da pandemia do COVID-19: um estudo intercultural entre Brasil e Estados Unidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Ferrador, Amanda Barbosa; Noltemeyer, Amity; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5280842134501676
This study aimed to analyze the impacts of the pandemic on the work of school psychologists in the American and Brazilian contexts. In addition, we analyzed the differences and similarities described by the professionals who worked in these two contexts. Twenty-eight school psychologists participated in the study, half (n=14) who worked in Brazil and the other half (n=14) who worked in the United States. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. The results identified more similarities between the two contexts, although important differences were also identified. The study revealed school psychologists’ feelings of unpreparedness to adapt their routines to the remote teaching model, lack of adequate technical guidance, and increased levels of stress. In addition, the study revealed that school psychologists from both countries perceived that students had differentiated access to technological resources and the Internet. Differences that emerged between the two groups included the effects on communication with families and the time the school psychologists could dedicate to their own families and leisure activities during the pandemic, with the American psychologists bringing more positive reports in these dimensions.
Socialização organizacional em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior: táticas organizacionais e relações interpessoais como elementos-chave
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Bernardino, Dalila Ariana de Abreu; Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860073481051842; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5899047721463531
This work analyzes the socialization process of the administrative civil servant, Administration Assistant position at the Federal University of São Carlos, from organizational tactics and interpersonal relationships with the administrative superior and team members. This study is descriptive with a qualitative and quantitative approach of applied purpose. The research method used was the case study and the technical procedures for data collection were participant observation, document analysis and questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to administrative civil servants entering from the public notices nº 003/2013 nº 001/2015 to examine the perception of these civil servants about the organizational socialization process and possibilities for improvement. The results indicate a need to reassess the integration process and the training policies for new members. For this, guidelines for reception, development, and monitoring of incoming servants were proposed. Finally, this research aims to understand the organizational socialization relevance as a space for learning and an opportunity to create relationships between newcomers, supervisors, and co-workers.
Gênero e habilidades sociais: efeitos sobre a percepção do desempenho profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Nasser, Maria Clara Barbosa Brito Guimarães; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4623426916203350
Differentiated perceptions of the work-related social skills of male and female managers may affect assessments of their professional competence. Moreover, gender-related differences may be more intense in fields where there is a significantly higher percentage of men than women. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the perception of the social behavior of male and female managers in two fields of work, in a context related to work-life balance. The study design involved four independent groups, considering two factors: professional field (law or IT) and gender of the manager (male or female). Four versions of a fictional scenario were created, modifying only the name of the manager (Paulo or Paula) and the initial contextualization of the situation. considering the fields of law and IT. There were 40 participants (21 men and 19 women), between the ages of 20 and 39, with exactly half from each professional field. After presenting one of the versions of the fictional scenario, an interview was conducted with each participant to obtain their quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the manager’s work-related social behavior. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the interaction effect for gender and professional field. No such effects were found, so considering the small number of participants, t-tests were used to examine the effects of each factor, separately. Content analysis was used to examine the justifications for the scores given for the manager’s performance. As main results, evaluations of the "overall performance" of the manager (on a scale from 1 to 10), tended to be lower among participants from the field of law (M = 4.95, SD = 2.17) than among the IT respondents (M = 6.15, DP = 2.23), t(38) = 1.73, p = 0.092, with a moderate effect size (g = 0.53). In their justifications for this score, the participants indicated the manager’s lack of dialogue with the team and unilateral decision-making. Furthermore, Paula received more critical comments than Paulo. When evaluating the "division of tasks", a difference based on gender was observed. Paulo was evaluated more negatively (M = 4.3, SD = 2.87) compared to Paula (M = 6.2, SD = 2.17), t(35) = 2.364, p = 0.024, with a moderate effect size (g = 0.73). Although Paula had higher evaluations than Paulo, she also received a greater number of criticisms for not having consulted the opinion of the team at the time of decision making. Thus, even when she obtained a higher score, she still received more servere comments about her behavior, which also confirms the expectation that there would be differences related to sex in the perception of the work-related social behavior of managers. Moreover, it was noted that a hierarchical organizational culture versus a team work approach seems to affect the interpretation of managers’ behavior. As methodological contributions, we highlight the creation of a fictional scenario that was evaluated as representative of the professional contexts investigated, in addition to the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. As a limitation, the sample size was small for statistical analyses. In future studies, it would be interesting to evaluate interventions that aim to help people notice the similarities in the interpersonal performance of managers of each sex, examining post-intervention effects on how often people criticise these managers.
Detector óptico NIR in-line para monitoramento da degradação termomecânica do polipropileno durante a extrusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Tibola, Ademar; Fiori, Márcio Antônio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8793913102689273; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8236237484047996
The present research aimed to develop an in-line NIR (near infrared) optical detector to monitor polypropylene (PP) thermomechanical degradation during extrusion. The optical detector monitors, in real time, the absorbance of OH and CH chemical bonds, specifically. Hydroperoxides, which contain an OH (hydroxyl) chemical bond, are one of the main thermomechanical degradation products that arise during PP extrusion. The absorption of electromagnetic radiation, through the OH and CH bonds, is monitored by an optoelectronic system installed immediately after the extrusion process, in the extruder die. The electromagnetic radiation emission system consists of an output module with NIR-emitting LEDs and an electronic radiation intensity control system. The electromagnetic signal is then converted into a voltage signal by the NIR receiver, amplified, converted from analog to digital, and finally transmitted to a computer via USB. A software is responsible for performing the processing and graphic display of the NIR receiver signals, monitoring the level of polymer degradation during extrusion. The optical detector was validated on a bench, monitoring the absorbance of specific chemical bonds present in the organic liquids carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, acetone and hexane. The validation included the monitoring of absorbance of PP polymeric films reprocessed in an extruder. In addition, the optical detector was validated in the extruder, by monitoring the absorbance, in the transient state, of previously reprocessed PP, as well as using a polypropylene/polyvinyl alcohol (PP/PVAl) polymer blend. Finally, the optical detector was used for in-line monitoring of the thermomechanical degradation of PP during the extrusion process.
Efeito imediato da terapia por ondas de choque extracorpórea radiais em pacientes com dor lombar crônica não específica: ensaio clínico randomizado duplo cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Souza, João Victor Estevam de; Back, Cláudio Gregório Nuernberg; Liebano, Richard Eloin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397951221512127
This study aimed to assess the immediate effect of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy with a concave and convex tip on reducing pain intensity in people with chronic non-specific low back pain (NCLD). This study is part of a three-group, single-center, randomized clinical trial with blinded patient, evaluator, and therapist, measuring superiority between interventions. In the present study, we evaluated the difference between two groups. Patients with DLCNE from the Basic and Family Health Units of the Municipality of São Carlos were invited to participate in this study, between January 2021 and December 2021. Fifty-four patients with low back pain for a period greater than or equal to three months, intensity of pain greater than or equal to three, measured on the numerical pain scale (END, 0-10), aged between 18 and 80 years of both sexes were randomly distributed among the groups of shock waves with concave tip (n= 27) and convex (n=27). Randomization was performed from a list of computer-generated random numbers, in a 1:1 block allocation ratio and concealed from sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. The patient, outcome assessor and therapist were blinded to the allocation between groups. Both groups received a single intervention with radial shock waves of 100 mJ, 5Hz and 2000 shots, differing between the groups in the type of tip used, concave or convex. The primary endpoint was the difference, immediately after the intervention, in the intensity of post-intervention resting low back pain between the two study groups as measured by the NDT. The mean (SD) of post-intervention pain intensity measured by NDT (0-10) for the concave group was 4.3 (2) and for the convex group, 5.7 (2.6) and the mean (95%CI) the difference between the post-intervention groups was -1.4 (-2.6; -0.3), p=0.034. The application of radial shock waves with a concave tip is more effective than a convex tip in reducing the intensity of low back pain at rest in patients with NCLBP.
A formação dos estudantes em discussões sobre tecnologias: uma questão sociocientífica para o ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Coelho Júnior, João Pedro Martins; Lopes, Nataly Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002559649092912
Techniques and technologies have helped man to understand and dominate the world around him. The need to facilitate daily life as issues involving work, and later the search for new territories, which contributed to the creation of wars and domination of peoples, helped in the unbridled development of techniques and technologies. However, it is questioned what interests are related to their development, since such interests have several aspects, such as serving to guarantee the progress of humanity, or to destroy and decimate regions and peoples, a fact that puts the ethical and moral issues. Therefore, we believe that scientific and technological training through Education in Science, Technology and Society (STS) is important as a promising factor to assist in the construction of critical thinking and decision-making in relation to the impositions of techniques and technologies. In this way, we developed a didactic sequence for students of the seventh year of elementary school at a state public school in the city of Leme-SP, with the aim of discussing the following research questions: How can we promote education for and with technologies so that it contributes to the scientific and technological training of citizens and what elements can express the training processes of students from STS education? And what are the contributions and limits of a proposal for a didactic sequence, elaborated through STS education and socio-scientific issues, for the teaching of technologies and for the understanding and participation of subjects in science and technology topics? After carrying out the didactic sequence, we used Content Analysis as an analysis tool, proposed by Bardin, to interpret the students' statements throughout the didactic sequence. At the end of the didactic sequence and analyzing the results, we concluded that by encompassing the theme with STS education, students were able to establish relationships of the impacts that technologies have on science and society. By proposing activities on the subject for students to argue and discuss during classes, we were able to observe attitudes and elements that express the formative processes through STS education, such as positioning their decisions regarding techniques and technologies, investigative, questioning spirit and transforming reality, providing the search for solutions to problem-situations that involve them and using them to solve collective problems of their community.
O eu objeto: um estudo metapsicológico do narcisismo em Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Zuin, Leonardo Sene; Soria, Ana Carolina Soliva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903416522364971; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5913061748064303
This work comprises a qualitative research on narcissism in Freud's work. Treating since its origin, in Freudian studies of the support relationships of sexual instincts on the instincts of self-preservation and autoeroticism, so that narcissism leads to the end of the first instinctual theory, the impacts of narcissism in Freud's theory, the melancholy as disease of narcissistic basis, until the adoption of the second instinctual theory. Among the conclusions of this work, there is the idea that, even after decreasing in terms of importance, narcissism remains a vital axis for the understanding of psychosexual development in Freud, and of his theory as a whole.
Breve inquérito sobre a mentira a partir da perspectiva da análise do comportamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Lins, Lucas Cordeiro; Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635829115842626
The present work is presented in the form of a scientific article, of conceptual theoretical nature. Section I introduces the subject of lying; section II seeks a behavioral definition of lying; section III adresses verbal correspondence, widely used in studies about lying in behavior analysis; section IV addresses the context in which lying is seen as beneficial for the society or group, such as through pro-social lying. Finally, section V outlines a proposed experiment for the study of lying behavior in a cultural group context using the concepts of ethical self-control and metacontingencies. We conclude that the present work offers relevant theoretical innovations for the instrumentalization of behavior analysts for the study of lies and lying.
Propriedades ópticas de filmes semicondutores GaAsBi e GaSbBi
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Souza, Daniele de; Galeti, Helder Vinícius Avanço; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3876752605313288; Gobato, Yara Galvão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6062631511329766
Bismuth-diluted III-V are interesting materials for possible applications in optoeletronic and spintronic devices. If we add a small amount of Bi in III-V materials, we observe a strong reduction in the band gap energy. In addition, it is expected that these materials present an important attenuation of Auger recombination for Bi concentrations higher than 10%. Therefore, these materials are good candidates for the development of optoelectronic devices in the near-infrared region. In this work, we have performed a systematic study of III-V materials with different Bi concentrations grown by molecular beam expitaxy (MBE) in different substrates. Particularly, we have investigated films GaSb(1-x) Bix grown on (100) GaSb substrates and n- and p-doped GaAs(1-x) Bix films grown on (100) and (311)B GaAs substrates. The GaSb(1-x) Bix films were investigated using high resolution XRD (HRXRD), AFM and Raman spectroscopy. We have observed that the GaSb(1-x) Bix films have a good crystalline quality. In addition, we have observed several Raman modes associated with GaSb, Bi clusters and GaBi. We have observed an important increase of Raman intensity depending on the Bi concentration and laser wavelength. This result was attributed to the resonant Raman effect. We have also investigated the GaAsBi samples using different techniques such as: HRXRD, Raman and low temperature photoluminescence (PL). We have observed that the incorporation of Bi in the n- and p-type doped samples were similar. However, these samples have shown important difference in the density of structural defects and non-radiative centers. This result indicates that the density of defects depends on the type of doping in GaAs(1-x) Bix and on the substrate orientation. In addition, we have observed that the sample grown on the GaAs (100) substrate has a compressive strain 2.7 times higher than the samples grown on the substrate GaAs (311)B. In general, our results evidence that both the amount of compressive strain and the density of defects depend on the substrate orientation and type of doping, which affects considerable the optical properties of GaAsBi thin films.
Intergeracionalidade da violência intrafamiliar: um estudo de casos múltiplos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Medeiros, Jaqueline Knupp; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5724949603758629
It is the role of caregivers and those responsible for children and adolescents to employ educational practices aligned with the needs of these segments, so that they can fulfill their role of educating them in the best possible way, free from any form of violence and exploitation. However, there are historical, psychological and relational issues over the families and that support the maintenance of uninterrupted cycles of violence between different generations. Intergenerationality of violence is understood as parental practices permeated by violation of rights and that were transmitted between generations of the same family. Based on these premises, this thesis had the main objective to investigate the configuration and the functioning system present in the childhood of adults who practiced violence against their children and adolescents. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework and definitions about intrafamily violence against children and adolescents were presented, as well as the concepts of intergenerationality and naturalization of violence, which are essential for understanding the cycle of coercive practices and violence used by parents and guardians. The second chapter refers to an empirical investigation, based on a qualitative approach and from a multiple case study. This study aimed to explore the family context of childhood of adults who used violence against their own children. As a secondary objective, the analysis explored how the normalization of intrafamily violence occurred and how intergenerational violence within the same family nucleus is perpetuated. The study, carried out in a Brazilian context, had the participation of three adults, of both sexes, who committed physical or psychological violence or were considered negligent in relation to their children's education. Data collection was carried out using the Interview on the Past of Parents (IAPP) and family genograms. The findings showed factors that contribute to the perpetuation of violence over generations and explain the difficulties in breaking the cycles of violence. Importantly, the results highlighted how the disciplinary practices used with their own children were reproductions of parenting models and related manifestations of violence that the participants themselves were exposed to in childhood. Based on these findings, the importance of psychosocial interventions that help family members to replace coercive parenting practices with healthier strategies is reiterated.
Entendendo os sentidos e significados na experiência de famílias acolhedoras durante o acolhimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Gilhi, Caroline Valério; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2326493496010995
The "Welcoming Families" program is an alternative to institutional care. It consists of training voluntary families to exercise the temporary care of children and adolescents away from the family by judicial decision. This study seeks to investigate the representations, motivations, difficulties and the role of psychology in promoting a healthy host family. Three families and two psychology professionals from the "Welcoming Families" from two cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo participated in the research. Remote interviews were conducted with the participants, who responded to a semi-structured interview script prepared by the author. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and qualitatively analyzed.. The data will be coded and grouped into categories of analysis, for further discussion based on the literature of the area.The results point to the role of psychology in promoting a healthy host family, as well as the complexity of the families' experience. In addition, it presents itself as an alternative to institutional care because, as a result of healthy bonds, they were brought as a reference, it brings possibilities for the child to build new relationships and reorganize their reality with the help of new figures of affection.
Estudo de algoritmos quânticos para resolução de equações diferenciais parciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-02) Ricardo, Alexandre Cesar; Campo, Vivaldo Leiria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7150892281897003; Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7244158403962058
With great impact in various areas of engineering and mathematics, quantum computing is an emerging technology with one of its applications in resolving large-scale mathematical problems, such as optimization and simulation. Aiming to solve differential equations with quantum computers, we study quantum algorithms proposed to solve then and their implementations on state-of-the-art systems. In particular, we study a quantum algorithm for solving nonhomogeneous linear partial differential equations proposed by J. M. Arrazola et al. in [Phys. Rev. A 100, 032306 (2019)]. By inverting the differential operator, it is possible to obtain one particular solution encoded on the wave function of a continuous-variables system, along with the preparation and measurement of special ancillary modes. Despite being a simple idea, running the algorithm on a physical quantum computer requires sophisticated elements, such as creating a large number of states in superposition and detecting states with low probability of success. In this work we suggest modifications in its structure to reduce the costs of preparing the initial ancillary states, increase the probability of success, and improve the precision of the algorithm for a specific set of inputs. These achievements enable easier experimental implementation of the quantum algorithm based on nowadays technology.
Traumas, sedução, sonhos e fantasia: o arcaico e a disposição à neurose em Sigmund Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-03) Fritz, Vinícius Fratta; Soria, Ana Carolina Soliva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903416522364971; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2300669271912378
In the text “A fantasia freudiana”, Luiz Roberto Monzani leads us through an investigation in which the place of the controversial 'fantasy'/phylogenetic hypothesis - contained in the text found by Ilse Grubrich-Simitis in the 1950s, entitled "Übersicht der Übertragungsneurosen", or “Transference neurosis: a synthesis” - is demonstrated through the examination of some specific texts from the work of Sigmund Freud. If one takes the commentator's statement that from his first writings to the end of his work, Freud maintains a certain etiological equation whose essence remains more or less the same, without denying the influence of external and internal factors, it seems crucial to consider the writings of 1890 to 1900, in order to reconstruct the nuances of the psychoanalyst's thought in order to assess how this hypothesis is directly related to Freud's initial scientific work, since it objectively attempts to respond to theoretical problems involved in the very creation of psychoanalysis, in the specific context of transition from the seduction theory to the fantasy theory, which took place in the last decade of the 19th century. The present study is a demonstration of the way in which the circumscription of psychoanalysis around its own objects also creates the theoretical condition for the phylogenetic hypothesis to be conceived later.
Belo impossível: a construção da noção de beleza no pensamento de Sartre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-03) Hoste, Vinicius Xavier; Marques, Silene Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0730579414648794
Cette étude vise à aborder la notion de beauté dans la pensée de Jean-Paul Sartre. En effet, le penseur français ne lui ayant jamais donné une forme définitive, le Beau ne s’agit pas d’un concept fermé, mais il n’est pas non plus absurde de postuler son existence, puisque Sartre se réfère constamment à la beauté dans ses œuvres. Cela dit, nous voulons reprendre les différentes approches sartriennes sur le sujet, en cherchant à établir entre elles une cohérence qui nous permette de comprendre cette notion de beauté si fragmentaire. Pour cela, nous prendrons comme point de départ L’imaginaire, car en cette œuvre Sartre non seulement jette les bases de sa pensée sur l’art, mais montre aussi que la beauté est strictement liée à l’art, à l’irréel – ce qui implique encore dans une séparation entre l’objet beau et la réalité, et dans la constitution de la beauté comme une valeur irréelle-inexistante. Ensuite, il faudra approfondir ces questions et pour cela nous analyserons le roman La nausée. Cette œuvre met également en jeu la relation entre la beauté, imaginaire et la réalité, abordant à travers l’opposition constante entre la nausée et l’art, le contingent et le nécessaire, questions telles que l’esthétisation du réel et la conception de la beauté en tant qu’objet inexistant. En poursuivant ces réflexions, nous chercherons à approfondir le sens de la création artistique. Allons-nous donc nous baser sur quelques réflexions de Qu’est la littérature ?, en plus des textes biographiques – Mallarmé, Tintoret et Genet – et critiques – Masson, Wols, Lapoujade. Nous montrerons à travers ces textes ce qui est en jeu dans la création entreprise par l’artiste, nous indiquerons comment le sens imaginaire de l’œuvre se rapporte à sa matière réelle, à son contexte contingent, et aux savoirs, émotions et attentes de l’artiste. En fait, à partir de cela, la beauté ne sera pas comprise comme une signification objective, mais comme sens multiple, comme valeur irréalisable. Avec cela, nous essaierons de montrer que la beauté ne se donne pas comme une valeur positive, qui équivaudrait à la perfection, mais comme une valeur inaccessible et déclinable qui peut se révéler même dans le laid.