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O processo decisório legislativo e o preceito constitucional de igualdade: uma análise da atuação da Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA) na concepção da política fundiária brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24) Graciano, Monyele Camargo; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4850029029622463
This research refers to the analysis of the way in which a legislative framework can guarantee or distort the application of the constitutional principle of equality between individuals during the legislative decision-making process. The 1988 constitutional text contemplates the rights and guarantees that promote the well-being of all, without distinction of origin, race, sex, color, age. In turn, the political participation of minority groups still does not represent the structural reality of Brazilian society, thus, in this research, a verification of this scenario in an approach to the formulation of Brazilian land policy, resulting from the legal process and, historically permeated by the predilections of a rural elite, which in 2008 was consolidated in the Agricultural Parliamentary Front (FPA), to the detriment of the interests of others involved. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify how the legislative institutional framework can guarantee or distort the application of the constitutional principle of equality between individuals in the course of their decision-making process, taking into account the performance of interest groups. In this sense, the methodology was based on the investigation of the following categories of analysis: i) the structure of the land policy legislative process, based on the proceedings in the National Congress; ii) legislative proposals that dealt with rural land policy between 2008 and 2018, under the interests of the Agricultural Parliamentary Front (FPA); iii) the role of FPA members in the land policy decision-making process. From these analyses, it was possible to understand to what extent the FPA manages to foster conditions that enable the success of its demands through the legislative institutional arrangement, acting in the defense of sectoral interests and in strategic positions in the decision-making process of land policy aiming to promote the defense of rural interests to the detriment of the other beneficiaries of such a policy.
Discurso Presidencial e Gênero: análise das mensagens dos presidentes Lula e Dilma ao Congresso Nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24) Valadares, Raquel Gomes; Oliveira, Lucy; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4691243814521369; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-8730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3507966223564721
This work aims investigate how emphasis and positioning regarding the topic of gender modify by comparing two different gender presidents: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff. Both are part of the same party – the Workers' Party – which would indicate a continuity of emphasis on agendas and priorities between governments that followed each other and had as a legacy significant advances around policies for minorities. The question that guided the research was: would women place more emphasis on women's (gender) issues when they occupy spaces of power? Thus, analyzing the existence of a rupture in thinking and political positioning between the two presidents was essential in investigating whether the difference in gender roles becomes an element that influences the elaboration of a compatible presidential communicative agenda. To carry out this work, a content analysis (BARDIN, 2009) (KRIPPENDORFF, 1997) of the presidents' messages between the years 2003 and 2016 was carried out, based on lexicometry, using the IRAMUTEQ software. The results showed a greater presence of terms related to gender and policies for women in President Dilma's speeches, pointing to the importance of presence in decision-making and power spaces for modulating the thematic emphases of governments in their communications.
Traços de mordidas em osso de dinossauro da Formação São José do Rio Preto, Bacia Bauru, Cretáceo Superior, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24) Reis, Ludimilla Fernanda dos Santos; Ghilardi, Aline Marcele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5761534317977568; Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7364121017712503
By studying fossil bite traces, we can reconstruct the behaviour of extinct organisms and better understand past communities, ecology, and ecosystems. Herein we analyse bite traces on a fragmented sauropod rib from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bauru Basin, southeastern Brazil. The fossil was collected in the Ibirá municipality region, São Paulo State, in the strata of the São José do Rio Preto Formation (Santonian-? Maastrichtian). The analysed specimen displays nine tooth drag traces on its external surface, produced between six and seven biting events. The traces consist of shallow linear grooves, with tapered ends and a serrated or smooth edge morphology. They can be classified as Linichnus serratus, Linichnus bromleyi, and Knethichnus parallelum and were produced by an organism with ziphodont dentition, most probably an Abelisauridae. These are the first feeding traces evidences the interaction between theropods and Titanosauriformes in this geological context. This work adds to the knowledge of the Bauru Basin palaeoecology and palaeobiology and expands the record of Mordichnia of Gondwana
Síntese hidrotérmica aquecida por micro-ondas e caracterização por raios X baseada em síncrotron operando de nanopartículas de LiMn2O4 enriquecidas com Li e dopadas com Al, Co ou Ni para aplicação em baterias de íons lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-24) Falqueto, Juliana Bruneli; Bocchi, Nerilso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4121172667823749
A facile, fast and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MWH) route was used to synthetize undoped and doped spinels with Al or Co or Ni. The reaction was carried at low temperature of 140 °C for 5 min in an MWH reactor from aqueous solution of KMnO4, LiOH, acetone (Li/Mn = 1.2; acetone/Mn = 1.1) and the nitrate of the respective cationic dopant. The obtained material was then added in the same reactor with an aqueous solution of LiOH and submitted to a new MWH treatment at the same temperature of 140 °C for 10 min. Finally, a heat treatment in a conventional microwave oven for 4 min was carried out. Three different mol proportions of the dopants (M/Mn = 0.075, 0.025 and 0.010; M = cationic dopant) and two orders of reagents addition using a given proportion were investigated in the syntheses. The best condition was achieved when the precursor of the doping cation was dissolved in acetone using the lowest mol proportion of the reagents. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the undoped and doped spinels (Al, Co or Ni) were all similar with highly crystalline diffraction peaks corresponding to the cubic spinel with space group Fd3 ̅m (ICSD-88644). The presence of other phases associate with the dopants and their impact on the crystallization were not detected. All synthetized materials presented a significant amount of potassium birnessite identified by XRD and calculated by Rietveld refinement. The chemical compositions were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), resulting in Li1.24K0.05Mn1.92O4.00, Li1.46K0.06Al0.04Mn1.85O4.00, Li1.39K0.07Co0.02Mn1.85O4.00 and Li1.30K0.10Ni0.02Mn1.87O4.00. From the results of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it can be inferred that nanoparticles were obtained. Beside this, no significant changes were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), indicating that the low doping with Al, Co or Ni (less than 2.5%) had no effect on the surface morphology of the spinels synthesized by MWH. Afterward, a systematic study to understand in-depth the capacity fading mechanism of LMO nanoparticles when cycled in half cell in two different potential ranges: 3.3 – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li and 2.0 – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li was carried out. In the first range, the nanocrystallinity and cationic doping played an important role in improving the electrochemical performance with respect to LMO microparticles. They significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance, lowered the 1st cycle irreversible capacity to 6%, and achieved a capacity retention between 85 and 90% after 380 cycles with excellent columbic efficiency close to 99% without compromising the specific charge at a high cycling rate of 5C. From X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements, the values of oxidation state of Co and Ni in as-synthesized spinels were found to be ~2.7+ and ~2.0+, respectively. They did not change upon cycling neither in the bulk nor on the surface, implying that Co and Ni did not contribute for the charge compensation and specific capacity. The fitting of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) indicated that Co and Ni are in the structure of the spinels due to the shorter metal-metal distances than those of the respective standard oxides. Rietveld refinements results confirmed that Li-rich spinels were obtained with part of the Li substituting the Mn into the structure and breaking the symmetry. In the potential range of 2.0 V – 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li, the electrodes of undoped nano-sized and micron-sized spinels presented similar initial values of specific capacity of around 200 mA h g–1 (1C = 296 mA h g–1) at a C/20 rate. The best electrochemical performance was achieved for the nano-sized undoped LiMO with a specific capacity of 201 mA h g–1, 53.5% of capacity retention and 99% of coulombic efficiency after the 55th cycle at a C/20 rate. Results from operando XAS indicated that it is easier to intercalate Li+ ions into the structure of the nano-sized than into the micro-sized spinel which corroborates with its better electrochemical performance. As far as we know, the spectroscopic signature of the Jahn-Teller distortion around Mn3+ in the LMO was obtained for the first time in the present work. Using the proposed cycling program, it was possible to obtain a superior electrochemical performance for the electrode of undoped Li-rich nano-sized LMO. This electrode exhibited excellent cyclability with a capacity retention of 101.5% in the potential range of 3.3 to 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li at a C/5 rate.