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Atomização a gás da liga de alumínio AA2017: efeitos dos parâmetros de processo nas características físicas dos pós produzidos visando aplicação em manufatura aditiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Pinotti, Vitor Eduardo; Gargarella, Piter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5072100559323918
Gas atomization is the main method to produce metal powders for LASER powder bed fusion (L-PBF), which is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique. It produces metallic powders with suitable characteristics to be applied in AM/L-PBF. The optimization of the parameters involved in the gas atomization process is necessary to produce powders with good fluidity and high apparent density, which are preconditions to be used in the L-PBF. The choice of an optimal set of parameters can also provide an increase in powder production yield. However, the optimization of this process is complex, because there are many parameters involved and, therefore, a systematic study must be carried out to better understand their correlation with the powder’s characteristics and their application (e.g. MA/L-PBF, for that research). Based on this context, this work aimed to study the influence of the three main process parameters at two levels (nozzle diameter (𝑑0): 1.5-2.5 mm; superheating temperature (Δ𝑇): 75-150 ºC; atomization pressure (𝑃𝐺): 20-40 Bar) on the physical characteristics of AA2017 aluminum alloy powders. It was identified that the average particle size (𝑑50) was poorly affected by the variation of parameters, while the width of the particle size distribution curve was significantly altered. The more suitable powder to be applied in AM/L-PBF was produced in an experiment with a specific set of parameters (𝑑0=1.5mm; Δ𝑇 =150 ºC; 𝑃𝐺= 20 Bar). It presents appropriate fluidity (funnel of Carney) and suitable apparent density: 0.28 s/g and 1.51 ± 0.02 g/cm3, respectively. These behaviors occurred due to an optimal combination of granulometric distribution and morphology. Finally, mathematical analysis was performed, in which the results obtained experimentally were compared with theoretical calculations based on the Lubanska equation. A good correlation was observed between the measured and calculated mean particle size (R2 = 0.97).
Minimização do risco de carteiras de investimento através da programação linear e da teoria de Markowitz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Freitas Junior, Carlos Moraes de; Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2243696271430881
The study presented in this project aimed at the formation and optimization of portfolios with 20 shares traded on B3 based on Markowitz's modern portfolio theory and Linear Programming, considering the minimization of portfolio risk, modeled from a quadratic programming problem and solved through computationally implemented algorithm. The data collection period began in 2020, when there was a global economic crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic and consequent isolation measures. Three portfolios were formed during the pandemic period, which were observed between January 2021 and March 2022 and showed results as expected compared to the 1/n strategy and the Ibovespa variation.
The gravity of covid-19: an assessment of international trade policies
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Ferraz, Leonardo; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9407189653993708
This study assesses the effects of the containment policies and international trade policy notifications related to the novel Coronavirus pandemic on the trade flows of 33 countries from January 2020 to June 2021. COVID-19 essential products such as medical equipment, medical supplies, personal protective equipment, and pharmaceuticals are considered in the analysis. Non-essential products such as agricultural products, among others, are also considered. The gravity model of trade is used to assess the effects of containment policies and international trade policies, which are represented by days of the month when Stay-at-home orders and Workplace Closures were imposed, the number of cases and deaths and COVID-19 trade-related notifications sent to the WTO. Our results suggest that an essential part of the policy response to the pandemic of COVID-19 lies in trade policy changes. Furthermore, these policies focused on the critical products to fight against COVID-19. The aggregated empirical gravity model showed insignificant estimates for stay-at-home requirements, workplace closures, cases, and deaths, indicating they might not be sufficient to explain the fluctuations in trade flows. On the other hand, the estimates presented by trade policies suggest that these variables can better explain trade fluctuations. The gravity model is performed disaggregated across product categories to assess the effects of different policies on different product categories. Overall, the results of the estimates of the containment policies, cases, and deaths variables seem to work as proxies for the rise in demand for goods, but their coefficients are not always statistically significant. The product disaggregated regression results reflect the demand increase for specific products. Thus the categories suffered different impacts. Pharmaceuticals presented a rise in trade volume between 2020 and 2021 and were also the category most impacted by trade policies during the pandemic. Export licenses, technical barriers to trade, and tariff policies significantly impacted the trade flows of pharmaceuticals. When importers applied these policies, the signs of the estimates resulted as positive, on the other hand, when used by exporters, the signs of the estimates are negative. It is an example of the disorderly and self-centered manner in which countries sought to secure their stock of essential goods by implementing policies that presented obstacles to exports and concomitantly sought to facilitate the importation of goods. The results for medical products not elsewhere specified and personal protection products reinforce this notion since export bans and tariff policies negatively affected trade flows for these categories. Finally, it is noted that countries have collectively sought to facilitate the flow of agricultural products by seeking to ease customs practices and export bans.
Ocupação como Determinante de Saúde: uma análise centrada no estudante e no contexto universitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Rodrigues, Daniela da Silva; Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4444573469390879
Studies have pointed to an emerging demand for psychosocial problems in the university environment, such as common mental disorders (CMD), which can be generated by a change in educational environment – from high school to higher education. Research also shows that entering university is a critical phase of students’ lives, as it requires an occupational and social adaptation to respond to institutional and rules requirements. When performance the role of student, many internal (personal) and external (environmental) factors may interfere with competence and occupational participation, in order to provide satisfaction and promote health or trigger suffering. In this sense, occupation, as a contextualized action, becomes a determining element of health. The aim was to identify the relation between health (CMD and quality of life) and occupation (competence and occupational interest) of university students, in the areas of health and exact, of a Brazilian public university, in the context of pandemic of Covid-19. This is a cross-sectional and correlation study, conducted from May to September 2020, with a sample of 493 students, who answered an electronic questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, the Occupational Self Assessment (OSA) Brazil and the Self Reporting Questionnaire - 20 (SRQ - 20). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed using the Statiscal Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 21.0. The results showed that the prevalence of CMD among students was 66.1%, with predictors related to being female (p<0.001) and being from some exact science course (p=0.050). The students judged their quality of life good (54%) and were dissatisfied with their own health (35.5%). Regression analysis showed significantly negative associations for CMD (p<0.001) and postive associations for occupational competence (p<0.001), with all domains of quality of life. Occupational competence presented as significantly negative predictors the semester of the course (p=0.005) and the presence of CMD (p<0.001). The occupational interest scale presented the semester of the course as a significantly positive predictor (p=0.005). This study showed that being in psychological distress may affect the quality of life and occupational competence of university students, reflecting on the performance of daily occupations. Therefore, it is important to outline proposals for prevention and promotion actions focused on student care. Above all, promote support service policies that effectively discuss sustainable support networks and create strategies for mental health care that integrate health, social and occupational determinants, prioritizing student life and the academic community.
O ser cientista brasileira em uma universidade portuguesa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Januário, Letícia Azevedo; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2712552693974233
The research emerges from the encounter of case reports involving discrimination and harassment directed at Brazilian women in Portuguese universities with my experiences as a university student in Portugal. The intentionality is to unveil the phenomenon “what is it to be a Brazilian scientist in a Portuguese university”. Therefore, the phenomenological interrogation guiding the research is “What is it to be a Brazilian woman in a Portuguese university?”. The theoretical foundations chosen to construct this research were the coloniality of power/being/knowledge, feminist theory, especially decolonial feminism, and gender studies in Social Studies of Science. The methodological procedures are inspired by phenomenology as a philosophical method, specifically in the approach of the Situated Phenomenon. Socializations were conducted with the research participants and registered in a field diary, followed by interviews with the intention of giving voice to those who experience the phenomenon to be unveiled. The profile of the participants is composed of Brazilian women in academic activity in Portuguese universities at the postgraduate level, and exclusion criteria were not adopted. Altogether, ten interviews were carried out, transcribed, and analysed according to the indications of the Situated Phenomenon approach. In other words, from reading the transcription of the interviews, establishing, and grouping units of meaning and constructing a nomothetic matrix containing the identification of units of meaning in their convergences and divergences grouped in each thematic category. Three categories emerged from this process: A) The centre of knowledge; B) Colonial violence in all its aspects; C) Confrontations. Based on these categories, the speeches and the dialogue with the theoretical foundations were presented, enabling the understanding of the aspects of the phenomenon studied. The categories revealed a scenario richly marked by the colonialities of power, being and knowledge, in which various mechanisms of maintenance of power structures are present: the racialization and hypersexualization of Brazilian women's bodies, the distancing of women from science in the name of traditionalism/conservatism by patriarchy, the delegitimization of knowledge from the global South and the contradictory appropriation of it in search of prestige, in addition to various types of violence such as racism, xenophobia, sexism and discrimination against queer people. We learned from the participants that in addition to dealing with the “common” aspects of academic life, being a Brazilian female researcher in Portugal is also fighting against stereotypes, linguistic prejudice, epistemicide, transphobia, racism and other forms of violence. This thesis comprises a denunciation text of the condition of Brazilian women scientists in Portugal.
Commodities agrícolas da Amazônia - quem consome e por quê? Estudo transversal em uma população amazônica urbana do Acre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Borges, Hillary Cristina; Nogueira, Rudi; Pacheco, João Vitor Coelho; Bastos, Paula Rúbia Jornada; Arruda, Rayanne Alves de; Cayotopa, Athaid David Escalante; Araújo, Felipe Monteiro de; Santos, Ana Caroline Santana dos; Ramalho, Alanderson Alves; Silva Nunes, Mônica da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1834831271301482; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4019185382823471; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7223411995552982; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1936395603831377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0470802638665676; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6970160846703687; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7648861722705597; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0860275078599150; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1173989709557324; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5180108615629613
O Brasil possui uma rica variedade de alimentos regionais que fazem parte da biodiversidade amazônica, tais como o açaí, cupuaçu, pupunha, buriti e castanhas. Além de contribuírem para a segurança alimentar, eles podem trazer inúmeros benefícios para a saúde e para a economia local. Este estudo tem o objetivo de descrever o consumo desses alimentos no município de Mâncio Lima, Acre, e avaliar quais são as variáveis individuais, domiciliares, socioeconômicas e alimentares relacionadas a esse consumo. Foram entrevistadas 824 pessoas moradoras da área urbana de Mâncio Lima, com mais de 17 anos de idade, entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2012. Os resultados mostraram que o açaí foi o alimento mais consumido e os fatores associados a essa ingesta foram consumir frutas, verduras e feijão mais de 5 vezes na semana. O consumo de cupuaçu teve associação com consumo de frutas e doces acima de 5 vezes na semana e com episódios pregressos de malária vivax. Para a castanha, houve associação com sexo feminino, dormir em áreas onde foi efetuado desmatamento, ter calçada de cimento ou tijolo em frente à casa, produzir frutas para consumo próprio e consumir feijão mais de 5 vezes na semana. O consumo de pupunha esteve associado a trabalhar em atividades de desmatamento, à produção de frutas para consumo próprio e a maior idade. Para o buriti, houve associação com já ter tido malária falciparum, consumir frutas pelo menos 5 vezes na semana, maior idade e a presença de insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave.
Relação pessoa-a-pessoa no pré-natal de alto risco: estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Souza, Bruna Felisberto de; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5961914997733254
Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon and, therefore, its evolution occurs without complications in most pregnant women. However, there is a group of women who, based on conditions such as some individual characteristics, sociodemographic conditions, previous reproductive history, clinical conditions prior to pregnancy, may indicate a higher risk of developing pathologies with a potential for unfavorable outcomes. This group of women is called high-risk pregnant women. When diagnosed, they are indicated for concomitant follow-up in high-risk prenatal services. Being in the situation of a high-risk pregnant woman tends to converge the woman and her family towards a fragmented biomedical assistance approach, which gives little value to subjective, emotional, and relational aspects. This exclusively technical and biomedical approach misses the chances of weaving care in its broadest sense, excluding singularities and preventing the establishment of a person-to-person relationship. The general objective of this study was to analyze prenatal care for high-risk pregnant women developed by nurses on home visits based on Joyce Travelbee's nursing theory. The specific objectives were to discuss aspects of the visiting nurse's relationship with the high-risk pregnant women towards autonomy and discuss the incorporation of home visitation by nurses in high-risk prenatal care. A qualitative, field study was proposed, with an interventionist character, under the methodological strategy of the case study. The case was the relationship between nurse and high-risk pregnant woman in the home visit and care. The development of the home visits took place from March 2018 to March 2020, in a city in the interior of São Paulo, when 17 women and high-risk pregnant women were visited by nurses every two weeks. To study and report the cases, the full transcription of the audio recordings of the home visits developed and of the field notes of the visiting and researcher nurses was carried out. The seventeen cases are presented individually, with visibility of the phases proposed by Joyce Travelbee and the needs explored in the person-to-person relationship. The analysis of the cases allowed us to identify that the person-to-person relationship was central and essential for the fabric of care, when the attentive, sensitive, and attentive attitude and the appreciation of the relationship supported and enabled the particularities of these high-risk pregnant women to manifest themselves and be welcomed. The meeting of the sense and significance of the situation of being a high-risk pregnant woman and the circumscribed mothering was always, in some way, launched in the relationship and effected a counterpoint to the insufficiencies experienced in high-risk prenatal care, anchored in the biomedical model they had received until then. It is concluded that producing care guided and driven by the person-to-person theory has the potential to transform the scope of prenatal care, with the potential to transform gestational and delivery outcomes. Still, the person-to-person relationship naturally promotes therapeutic encounters and responsibility in nursing and health care. Furthermore, Joyce Travelbee's reference is indicated as an anchor for home visits, as is the signalization of the importance of nursing theories being guaranteed in professional training, with opportunities for these professionals to be exposed to ways of understanding the metaparadigms of nursing. In any case, the care of the visiting nurses based on the person-to-person relationship in this study is seen as a care practice that has the potential to reconstruct the organizational scenario of interactions in the health field, especially in the experience of women who experience high-risk prenatal care. This is because the person-to-person theory has the potential to serve as a conceptual and practical model, subsidizing new care productions, valuing care centered on the person and the family, with the potential to accommodate the needs revealed in the meetings.
Trayectoria de la política pública de acceso a la educación superior universitaria en Colombia (2014-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Acero Forero, Luz Maritza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5217722011347556
Mercado financeiro na Classificação Decimal de Dewey: proposta de expansão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Gil, Luana Carolina de Castro; Dal'Evedove, Paula Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170937498266968
Bibliographic classification systems play a very important role in organizing works in the collection, as well as retrieving information from databases. Considering that obtaining privileged information in the context of the financial market provides a competitive advantage, the question is whether Class 332 dedicated to Financial Economics covers the financial market subject in its scope and detail? Therefore, the general objective of this research is to put the expansion of the representation of the financial market in the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). This is an exploratory and descriptive study, which has an applied nature and a qualitative approach. Therefore, a bibliographic research was carried out to analyze the literature on the subject, as well as to identify the terms used in the financial market. Furthermore, it was based on the methodology of Barité Roqueta (1990) to develop the proposal to modify the classification scheme. As a result, it is possible to insert about fifty terms, which were organized by expanding six existing subclasses and creating seven other subclasses. It is concluded that the proposal can contribute to the organization of knowledge about the financial market, as well as meet the informational needs of users.
Diversidade da ictiofauna nas bacias do alto e médio Paranapanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Ferreira, Natali Szeremeta; Cetra, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2393231736717349
Freshwater fishes are fundamental components of biodiversity, and it is necessary to develop actions aimed at conserving these species in the face of anthropic changes in the XXI century. In this sense, it is fundamental to understand the mechanisms underlying the composition and distribution of these species along environmental gradients, applying different measures of diversity for this purpose. Alpha diversity represents the species richness in a given location, while beta diversity is a measure of species dissimilarity along environmental gradients, which includes two contrasting components of community structuring: species replacement and richness difference. Thus, alpha and beta diversities are part of regional species diversity, or gamma diversity. This study aimed to understand the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of the ichthyofauna of the Upper and Middle Paranapanema River. Presented as a book chapter, Chapter I includes a review of the ichthyofauna of rivers, streams, and reservoirs in the Upper and Middle Paranapanema River. In this sense, 128 species were recorded in these environments, with greater representation from the Characidae and Loricariidae families. The highest species richness and the lowest proportion of autochthonous species from the Upper Paraná River (83%) were found in reservoirs, with 20 species recorded only in these environments. The headwater streams have the lowest richness and the highest proportion of autochthonous species, being essential for the conservation of endemic species and species that are exclusive to this type of environment. Then, Chapter II investigates different measures of diversity for two spatial scales in the Paranapanema River: the Alto Paranapanema basin and the Pinhal sub-basin, for taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. The values of total alpha and beta diversity, as well as the values of the substitution and richness difference components of beta diversity were estimated. Next, the relationship of taxonomic beta diversity to the environment was analyzed, and the contribution of local, spatial, and stream-surrounding effects to the dissimilarity were divided. The gamma diversity and the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversities were higher for the Alto Paranapanema basin compared to the Pinhal sub-basin. Furthermore, the replacement component was greater than the richness difference for the taxonomic beta diversity in the two spatial scales. The effect of the surrounding area was the most significant finding to explain the compositional dissimilarity for the basin, while the geographic distance was the most important result to explain the total beta diversity for the sub-basin. The general findings show the importance of using different scales in the study of stream fish diversity, as well as the relevance of headwater streams in order to preserve the diversity of ichthyofauna at a river basin scale.
Sítios cromossômicos instáveis e diversificação cariotípica em Loricariidae: análise citogenética e molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-15) Glugoski, Larissa; Vicari, Viviane Nogaroto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8691663299749290; Moreira Filho, Orlando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1995767323247548
Loricariidae includes species vulgarly known as armored catfishes. Cytogenetic data revealed wide chromosomal diversity in this family, resulted from both diploid number (2n) variation, because of centric fusion events, and structural chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions, centromeric repositioning and translocations. The chromosomal rearrangements found in Loricariidae are associated with double strand DNA breaks at sites rich in repetitive sequences. The instability present in these regions is described as “evolutionary breakpoint regions” (EBRs), which are considered hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements, and would be involved with the 2n reduction in the group. However, there are still few studies that sought to characterize the unstable chromosomal sites that generate karyotypic evolution in Loricariidae. Previous studies with Rineloricaria showed that these sites were located in rDNAs clusters, or at adjacent areas. Thus, this work aimed to identify and characterize the DNA sequences present in sites prone to chromosomal breaks, aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of chromosomal rearrangements and karyotypic diversity present in Loricariidae specimens. In the present study, we analyzed 95 specimens belonging to two subfamilies: Hypostominae (Ancistrus aguaboensis 2n = 50; Ancistrus cf. multispinis 2n = 52) and Loricariinae (Rineloricaria latirostris 2n = 46 and 48; Rineloricaria pentamaculata 2n = 54, 55 and 56), collected in different hydrographic basins in the South, Southeast and Central west of Brazil. Classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques were used, such as comparative in situ hybridization of 5S and 18S ribosomal genes (rDNA), telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n, single repeat sequences ((A)30, (CA)15, (GA)15, (CAT)10 and (CGG)10), in addition to the analysis of genomic data provided by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results obtained revealed that Ancistrus cf. multispinis (2n = 52 chromosomes) presents a karyotype considered basal for Ancistrini, while A. aguaboensis has 2n = 50 (first karyotypic description), resulting from Robertsonian fusion (Rb) events, triggered by double strand breaks and rearrangements at sites of rDNA 5S, corroborating previously data found in other species of the group. For R. latirostris, we obtained the repetitive fraction for the recognition of microsatellite sequences present in regions previously described as chromosomal fusion points. It was found that repetitive sequences such as rDNAs, hAT transposon, and microsatellite units are present in flanking regions of chromosome breakage sites in R. latirostris, and because they contain sites of paralogous sequences present in non-homologous chromosomes, these sequences may have acted as facilitators of Rb fusion events present in this group. Furthermore, the involvement of acrocentric chromosomes in Rb fusion events was discussed, with the participation of 5S rDNA and microsatellites, which culminated in the emergence of a numerical chromosomal polymorphism observed in specimens of R. pentamaculata from the Barra Grande River (2n = 54 to 56). The data presented for Rineloricaria corroborate studies that suggested that the 2n reduction is resulted from Rb fusion, with the decrease of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes and the consequent formation of metacentric chromosomes, with or without ITS vestiges. In summary, it was demonstrated the accumulation of repetitive DNAs present in regions of chromosomal breaks and their potential involvement with the extensive chromosomes observed in Loricariidae, impacting the diversity and karyotypic evolution of the group.