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O impacto de contratos públicos na atuação de cooperativas de coleta seletiva: estudo de casos no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Correa, Anabella
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5304401998498073
The selective collection is important from the environmental, economic, and social perspectives. However, the autonomous agents, who informally work on this, have no aid, protection or visibility. Therefore, their grouping in associations or cooperatives is recommended. Some environmental regulations instituted in 2007, with the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” (Federal Law 12.305/2010) as a legal landmark, have encouraged the hiring of these cooperatives by the public authorities, recognizing their important role in the solid waste management chain. There is a consensus that the existence of a public contract is favorable for the empowerment of cooperatives, but it may not be enough. Thus, this research aims to assess the impact and consequences of the existence of contractual instruments between public entities and waste picker organizations. A comparative case study considered municipalities with the same population in the country of São Paulo state. In addition to quantitative surveys of collection, sale, and municipal coverage. The objective is to know the current scenario of each case, and also to propose suggestions for policies or actions that help to strengthen cooperatives or that can improve their performance. Therefore, a selection of municipalities with same population size in the state of São Paulo were selected for a comparative case study. It consisted of documentary research in addition to contracts surveys and analysis of economic, social, environmental and governance aspects of the cooperatives. The results indicate that contracts, when well-planned, are important for the success of both the cooperative and selective collection. The existence of a cooperation agreement is still better than the absence of any formalized partnership with the government. Unfortunately, it still does not recognize these collectors as service providers, as established by solid waste legislation. In addition to the signing of contracts, the importance of support networks, the establishment of a waste management fee and the increase in reverse logistics partnerships with manufacturers and traders is pointed out, applying shared responsibility to all links in the chain.
Os assírios no norte da Síria: questões territoriais em meio ao Estado Sírio e à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Holtz, Mateus Felipe
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341682768558822
The present work has the general objective of understanding the territoriality of the Assyrians, an ethnic-religious minority in northern Syria - region of the province of al-Hasakah and the Khabour River Valley, amidst the tensions caused by the overlap and territorial dispute between the Government Syria and the Northern Democratic Federation – government institution with a Kurdish majority. To achieve this goal, we proposed a scalar analysis of the social and political action of this Christian minority: a global level, discussing the mobilization of Assyrians in diaspora; a national/regional level, dealing with the insertion of the Assyrians in Syria and its relations with Damascus; a local level, manifested in the defense mechanisms of the territory by the Assyrians regarding the establishment of the Kurds in northern Syria. These three scales are mediated from the Syrian Civil War, when we relate the events involving the Assyrians at different levels of action to David's concepts of imperialism. Harvey, and of empire and multitude, treated by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt. The result of this research points to the existence of a diffuse Assyrian territoriality, while socially they are divided between rural and peasant communities and urban, peripheral and commercial circles. At the same time, politically, there is a diversity of political positions within Syria, with groups that recognize the Syrian State, sectors that support the Kurdish project and others that remain neutral in the dispute.
Abordagem de computação paralela para geração de bases de regras fuzzy em problemas de grande volume e de alta dimensionalidade dos dados usando algoritmos genéticos multiobjetivo de ordenação por não dominância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Santana, Maykon Rocha
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-7306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9437028723564473
The development of Rule-Based Fuzzy Systems (FRBS) brings with it the need to address issues related to the desirable balance between the conflicting objectives of accuracy (measure related to the system's ability to describe a given problem) and complexity (measure related to interpretability of the FRBS according to the number of rules and rule antecedents). This situation also occurs when considering problems where the input data have large volume and high dimensionality. However, in these cases, a question arises: the number of rules is so large (thousands or even millions of rules) that the extraction of accurate and interpretable Fuzzy Rule Bases (FRB) through classical sequential algorithms becomes computationally very costly and often unfeasible. In this context, Parallel Computing appears as a means to, from a large set of rules, enable the extraction of FRB that are weighted between accuracy and complexity. Therefore, this work proposes a parallel computing approach to generate FRB from high-volume and high-dimensional rule sets. The idea is that, using parallel computing and Multiobjective Evolutionary Fuzzy Systems (MOEFS), it is possible to extract accurate and compact (less complex | more interpretable) FRB from a large set of rules. For the generation of MOEFS, the Multiobjective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms NSGA-DO, MNSGA-DO and the classic NSGA-II were used. Each of these algorithms was tested to generate FRB from sets of Fuzzy rules obtained through the FCA-Based method. With the tests it was noticed that, with the use of AGMO NSGA-DO and MNSGA-DO, it was possible to achieve, in addition to the two main objectives, a better distribution of the solutions along the Pareto Frontier compared to the solutions obtained by the NSGA -II. The tests showed that, through the proposed approach, it was possible to extract accurate and compact BRFs from large sets of rules. Furthermore, tests were performed following a method based on the state-of-the-art FARC-HD approach. It was possible to perceive that the BRF obtained through the approach proposed here had, in general, greater accuracy in relation to the BRF extracted through the method based on the FARC-HD approach.
Práticas pedagógicas interculturais de docentes na Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior: análise da produção acadêmica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Barbosa, Ana Maria da Silva
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7807914975323849
The theme of this research is related to teachers' intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic and Higher Education, considering the problem involving the inequality present in schools - especially public ones - and the following need for the development of such practices. The question of the research is: how is the Brazilian academic production on interculturality configured in the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in both Basic and Higher Education? Thus, the general objective delimited is: to analyze the relations between interculturality and teaching in the pedagogical practices of Basic and Higher Education teachers, by carrying out a bibliographic survey of the Brazilian academic production available in journals in the educational field. The specific objectives established are: to investigate what has been published about the intercultural pedagogical practices of teachers in Basic Education and Higher Education; and to verify which contributions the analysis of intercultural pedagogical practices offers for the construction of new perspectives of work with intercultural education in the contexts of Basic and Higher Education. The theoretical framework is supported by humanizing education and interculturality theories. After collecting data from Brazilian journals in the field of Education, selected from pre-established descriptors, the corpus of the research analysis was composed of 8 articles considered "core" (about 33% of the selected articles), among them, only three dealt with intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic Education and five in Higher Education. The remaining 16 articles discussed: theoretical and conceptual approach on intercultural pedagogical practices; intercultural practices developed with artistic groups; and intercultural practices carried out in commercial relations between the indigenous community and the non-indigenous collective organization. It was verified that the initiatives with intercultural pedagogical practices present elements that can benefit and enhance the implementation of teaching practices that value cultural differences. In this aspect, the relationship between interculturality and teaching can be announced positively when relating to the presence and articulation of the contents domains, methodologies, and sensibility in the teaching practices addressed in the articles - theoretical categories which we used to accomplish the analyses. Regarding the contents, the respect for the students' knowledge was a constant; regarding the methodologies, we noticed that they were not based on "talking about", but always involved acting with the students from their realities and thinking about this action; as for the sensibility, it was analyzed that the articles did not offer subsidies to discuss the sensibility as to the principle that the teachers need to be committed with the learning of all students; it (sensibility) was always found in its relation with the contents and the methodologies. We also presented the contributions that the results provided regarding the reflection on teaching practices based on the valorization and dialogue between different cultures, indicating pedagogical possibilities concerning the relationship between interculturality and teaching.
Óleos essenciais como antimicrobianos naturais em pós-colheita de frutos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Rodrigues, Camila Bueno
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Ferreira, Marcos David
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
Essential oils (OEs) present antimicrobial activity and can be used as natural compounds to inhibit bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the OEs potential to control microorganisms that could cause food spoilage. OEs from Mentha spicata, Cymbopogon martinii and the essential oil from Eugenia caryophyllus were commercially obtained. These substances were evaluated to observe the antimicrobial ability to inhibit Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Data indicated the potential utilization of OEs to control bacteria and fungi. The best OEs results were found with Eugenia caryophyllus and Cymbopogon martinii with high fungi inhibition (250µL and 750µL, respectivelly). On the other hand, Eugenia caryophyllus presented antibacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Mentha spicata presented the best MIC and MBC (0,781 and 3,125) to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectivelly.
Quando o amor é travesti: casamento, amor e afeto para além da heteronormatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Miguel, Luiz Henrique
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5664408512526082
The general objective of this thesis is to analyze how love relationships and the agency of love are made by observing the life course of 3 transvestites from São Paulo. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology based on the life history technique and in-depth field research was used. Searching for something as subjective as love yielded hours of participation with the three interlocutors in semi-structured interviews that helped to achieve the central objective. As part of the analysis, it is noticed that the categories of romantic love affect all people, flirting with the ideals of heteronormative relationships, however for the transvestites surveyed, this category takes particular formats. Romantic love necessarily involves recognition and leads these subjects to weigh a series of agencies, including their own bodies and the formation of the desired body. As final considerations, it was possible to perceive that love takes different formats, either as a life goal or as a rejection of this goal, in any case it is an important part of the construction of what is or is not success for these transvestites. Public recognition is the realization of romantic love for those who aim for this goal, public displays of affection with a man you love is one of the central pillars that comes into the account when it comes to conquering the ideal partner.
Clube de valentes: empoderamento de meninas por meio da educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Silva, Alexsandra de Freitas
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0613977890524931
The object of research addressed in this dissertation is the educational action of the Brave Club and its contributions to the empowerment of girls. Valentes Club is an educational action that is part of the Dialogical Model of Prevention and Conflict Resolution- MDPRC, developed with young children, starting in early childhood education, and that aims to promote the prevention and overcoming of gender violence in the school space and outside it. The research aimed to identify transforming elements and excluding elements of the Brave Club for the empowerment of girls, from the viewpoint of two teachers and a teacher who develop it in their classrooms in basic education. The methodology used was a qualitative approach, based on the Communicative Methodology, which is based on Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action and Freire's dialogicity. For data collection, the tools used were: communicative interviews/reports and the Communicative Discussion Group. The results of the data analysis showed the excluding elements and the transforming elements of the Brave Club action for the empowerment of girls in the school environment and outside of it. Of the elements that appeared, 15 were transforming elements, elements that potentiate the empowerment of girls and 2 excluding elements, that is, that do not contribute to the empowerment of girls. We conclude with the study that the empowerment of girls, in school spaces, are guaranteed when the children are assured educational actions based on respect, on the promotion of friendship and solidarity, reflections about their actions and making choices. As a success for the development of these actions, the teachers' training appears as fundamental, both the initial training and the continued training of teachers.
Inflamável cinema: incendiando as percepções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Santos, Thais dos
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Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0814356536686504
Cinema as a crossing in times of intolerance, how affection affects the perception of feeling cinema. A research on the place of the researcher/spectator based on the (mis)education that precedes the film (but it is not limited and does not limit it). Education and the disobedience of the gaze, which is established as a possible freedom in the face of imprisonment and authoritarianism. Considering forms of subjectivities that reverberate in/of the images. This research intends to reflect on the way that the moving images of the film Portrait de la jeune fille en feu (2020) echo in the sensations and senses of the appreciator/researcher, based on the discussion of Image on Fire by Didi-Huberman. Walking through a bibliographical and interpretive methodology that emerges as a result of the flames of the film, thinking about the experience through the idea of creating images. Through these methodological considerations, a framework was created that we call “Atlas of sensations”. In this space some scenes were analyzed from significant frames, they are: the sensation triggered by the scene, its possibilities of connections and relationship with theoretical material from different authors. In this way, through images, texts, poetry, authors, these sensations will be discussed, intoning sense and meaning for what I will now call “the look experience”. Seek the unimaginable of feeling. The images and perceptions of/with cinema that can ignite our emotions.
Análise da capabilidade para o processo de torneamento cilíndrico externo de um torno CNC: uma abordagem detalhada utilizando Controle Estatístico de Processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Uekane, Luiz Gustavo
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Paziani, Fabricio Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204448761802712
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5927253171256131
External cylindrical turning is one of several manufacturing processes used by industries to manufacture parts for general applications, such as shafts, pins, screws, among others. Given the extensive use of this process, a greater understanding of the phenomena existing in turning is necessary, in order to ensure that the machine tool is capable of producing parts within an admissible range of dimensional tolerance. This study seeks to make a contribution to the statistical analysis of the capability of a CNC lathe in the external cylindrical turning process, taking into account the capability indices of the process C_p, C_pk and the machine tool C_M. The Statistical Process Control (CEP) method was used to analyze and estimate the capability indices of a CNC lathe, in order to facilitate the application of these indices by process managers. As a result, it was found that for tolerance indices ranging from IT7 to IT9 given a “js” fit for a nominal dimension of 16 mm the process is satisfactory and capable of producing the parts within the specification limits. Although the result for IT6 considering the same fit and nominal size was not fully satisfactory, improvement points were observed to be implemented in future works in order to guarantee the referred relevance.
Experiência do usuário e co-design de produto no desenvolvimento de jogos sérios para o público 50+
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Abrahão, Ana Raquel Ruiz
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Castro, Paula Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790263464498111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1626034884556949
Introduction: With the demographic transition and the increase in population aging, one of the great challenges of public policies is prevention in primary care, especially in maintaining quality of life and cognitive performance. In this scenario, digital games show up as a possibility to provide advances in preventive stimuli (motor and cognitive), but at the same time there is still a lack of initiatives aimed at design with the older user. Aging must be faced in a multidimensional way, with desires, interests and needs that go far beyond the possible losses resulting from age. Thus, understanding the experience of using digital cognitive training games by people aged 50 and over, and developing them from the participatory design approach from the beginning of the product conception is a research gap. Adapting to the expectations of older users in order to obtain their validation of digital games as a product is one of the great challenges in the area, in addition to bringing social relevance as an instrument of digital inclusion. Method: This exploratory qualitative study investigated the experience of using digital games by people aged 50 or over, with sampling by spontaneous demand and a participatory approach was divided into two interactions with the user, the first was face-to-face testing the 3 games developed in the previous phase and the second iteration was remote, the re-test of the game that had continued development. Respectively, the first study transcribed and categorized the audios during the interview and interaction with the games, while the second study used the Keep, Lose and Change methodology on the product with the interaction being only via the system. games were guided by the User Centered Development process. Objective: Map the user’s profile and experience and co-design during the development of serious digital games for cognitive training. Results: This study provided a set of design recommendations to guide the development of serious cognitive training games centered on the aging user. Based on the results, it is evident that there is an influence of game design on the motivation and perception of the game's value by the user's profile. Conclusions: For digital products to be more successful in the market, it is more efficient to use procedures that seek the active participation of the user, including them in the design process from the beginning. Digitalization is here to stay and services, products and research need to be updated, especially in healthcare through scalable and accessible technological solutions.
O estágio curricular supervisionado em docência na perspectiva dos profissionais da educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Marcasso Rossi, Bianca Carolina
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Vedovatto, Dijnane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6758025601578309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7434533894780724
The supervised curricular internship is of great importance for teacher training, but there are gaps related to the theorization of knowledge and the professional field, as well as disagreements regarding the insertion of the interns in kindergarten schools. In the literature, the internship is seen as a privileged moment for training and professional insertion. Thus, this study aimed to identify and analyze how the supervised curricular internship in teaching occurs considering the professional insertion of interns in Early Childhood Education schools in the municipal education system of São Carlos, São Paulo. This research, of qualitative approach, exploratory-descriptive type, used the following instruments for data collection: document analysis and semi-structured interviews with ten professionals in Early Childhood Education who were receiving or had already received interns in the public teaching network, two pedagogical coordinators, four school principals and four teachers. The data were organized and analyzed in light of the literature based on teaching professionalization. The data analysis was carried out by means of content analysis, involving three stages: pre-analysis, exploration of the material, and the treatment of the results: inference and interpretation. From the analysis, the first axis emerged: "Being a teacher in Early Childhood Education: contributions of the supervised curricular internship", in which the internship was pointed out as a privileged moment for exchanging experiences and knowledge, as well as for contact with the professional field, emerging the issue of the impact with the teaching reality in Early Childhood Education. The second axis "Professional insertion: bureaucratic and pedagogical procedures", reveals inaccuracies regarding the procedures for the supervised curricular internship at that stage of education, which tends to weaken the insertion, reception and monitoring of the intern, but there were indications from the participants of possibilities for fruitful partnerships and the need for the internship to be planned jointly. Finally, we highlight the need for the recognition and professionalization of professionals in Early Childhood Education, as well as the demand for an institutional partnership between the school and the university, which seeks, through the supervised curricular internship, greater articulation between initial and continued education to consider the teacher training in relation to the professional field, also relying on the support of public policies.
Formulação e estudo da citocompatibilidade de hidrogéis termossensíveis contendo partículas bioativas para aplicação em regeneração óssea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Novak, Sara
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2232629213328346
Although the osteogenic properties, there are still some limitations to employing bioactive glasses (BG) in the human body, such as potential cytotoxicity and a lack of controlling the morphology of BG particles. Furthermore, particles presenting smaller sizes can be helpful for the preparation of organic-inorganic composites with improved properties. These composites have gained attention in the last years due to the possibility of employing them in bone regeneration. However, osteoporosis remains one of the most embracing pathologies in the world. In this research, a new material based on the thermosensitive Poly(N-vinilcaprolactam) (PNVCL) hydrogel and BG particles was developed as a candidate for bone regeneration. For that, BG-based particles were synthesized by melt-quenching and sol-gel methods, and milled to achieve submicron particles. These BG-based particles showed a bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a relatively fast in vitro hydroxycarbonate apatite formation. Different amounts of these particles were then employed in the formulation of PNVCL hydrogels. The viscoelastic properties and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels were widely investigated. PNVCL syntheses were performed using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and DMSO to evaluate the effect of the solvent on the final characteristics of the polymers. The hydrogels exhibited a sol-gel thermosensitive transition close to the human body temperature offering the possibility of being injected. The entrapment of the BG-based particles in the PNVCL hydrogel showed to be beneficial for osteoblastic cells decreasing the cytotoxicity and resulting in cytocompatible composites. Furthermore, the rheological behavior of the composites could be adjusted by the type and amount of particles. These hydrogels have shown potential as an injectable biomaterial for a site bone remineralization.
Estudos dos metabólitos secundários de Exophiala spinífera em diferentes condições de cocultivos com Leucoagaricus gongylophorus para o controle das formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Zandonai, Dorai Periotto
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8429103229212982
STUDIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES UNDER DIFFERENT COCULTIVATION CONDITIONS BETWEEN Exophiala spinifera and Leucoagaricus gongylophorus FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAF-CUTTING ANT. Leaf-cutting ants are among the main pests of Brazilian agriculture, causing significant damage to agribusiness. Cultural, chemical and biological control strategies were specially developed to reduce costs and the amount of insecticides applied. The chemistry of natural products appears as an important ally to study the metabolic profile of plants and microorganisms in order to isolate and/or identify the secondary metabolites produced with specific biological activities and providing less impact to the environment. Co-cultivation of fungi has been described as a promising strategy to induce the production of new metabolites through interactions between different strains. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate co-culture conditions between the mutualistic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus responsible to produce enzymes that degrade foliar polysaccharides into assimilable nutrients for ants together with the black yeast Exophiala spinifera (Herpotrichiellaceae), isolated from the ant male of Atta laevigata, (Formicidae). In addition, we sought to carry out the cultivation of black yeast, to isolate and identify new metabolites with biological activity in the control of leaf-cutting ants. The growth conditions of the co-cultures and the cultivation of pure strains were evaluated in this study, determining the best culture medium and the time of production of the metabolites through the study of the growth kinetics. To study the metabolites induced in fungal interactions, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry analyses were performed associated with the application of metabolomics tools and the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform in strains of pure cultures and their cocultures. This set of techniques, made it possible to identify metabolites highlighted in co-cultures. Among the results, the isolation of an exophilic acid derivative (2-hydroxy-4-[4-hydroxy-2-nonyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoyl]oxy-6-nonylbenzoic acid),(C40H58O17). Agar diffusion assays were performed with co-culture (halo de inhibition 24,5 mm) and pure culture of the crude extract Exophiala spinifera (halo de inhibition 24,8 mm) and isolated compound (P7) (halo de inhibition 25,8 mm) showed inhibition for L. gongylophorus. Bioassays were also performed with the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) extracted from Electrophorus electricus and AChE the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens. They were tested with crude extract of Exophiala spinifera (I % 75.04 ± 0.099) and with the compound isolated (P7) from black yeast monocultures (I % 68.45 ± 0.020), which showed inhibition. The isolated compound P7 and the crude extract of Exophiala spinifera was evaluated for the inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme in disposable microelectrodes, showing inhibition. In this context, compounds biosynthesized by the microorganism Exophiala spinifera can be natural alternative for the control of leaf-cutting ants.
Desenvolvimento de nanoestruturas de TiO2 com superfície modificada pela presença de espécies de Fe e a avaliação da sua performance fotocatalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-29)
Falsetti, Paulo Henrique Eleuterio
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Avansi Junior, Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5852409796882171
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0707682226602013
The development of society has increasingly demanded technological evolution in order to supply its needs, resulting in environmental costs that can lead to severe damage. Among these impacts, the pollution of springs and atmospheric air through the emission of different residual chemical compounds from human activities stands out. Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis presents itself as an effective method for the remediation of both problems, which justifies the current need to develop more effective photocatalysts. Thus, the present work aimed to develop a more effective photocatalyst, such as TiO2 nanostructures with a surface modified by the presence of Fe species. The photocatalytic potential was evaluated against the degradation of two organic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B, as well as for the photoreduction of CO2, which is considered one of the most worrying gaseous pollutants. The TiO2 nanostructures were obtained through the hydrothermal method from the degradation of ammonium peroxo titanate (PTA) at different pH values of the reaction medium (equal to 6, 8 and 10). Subsequently, the as-obtained and commercial samples of TiO2, used as a reference, were decorated with Fe in different proportions (0.2, 0.8 and 1.6 % by mass of Fe) in relation to the mass of TiO2, followed by heat treatment at 400 ºC for 4 hours. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed the same TiO2 anatase crystalline phase for all samples, while UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) measurements showed that the presence of Fe in the samples leads to a change in their optical properties, with an increase in the absorption spectrum in the visible region and a change in the band gap values compared to pure TiO2 nanostructures. Electron microscopy analyses evidenced the formation of nanoparticles with different morphologies due to the applied synthetic conditions and compared to commercial sample, where the samples synthesized at pH equal to 8 showed anisotropic morphologies with a tendency to grow in specific crystalline planes. EDX analyses confirmed the presence of Fe on the surface of TiO2 nanostructures in a well-distributed way in the particles. Raman spectroscopy measurements indicated that the increased presence of Fe results in surface defects in the structure, which can be attributed to an inter-diffusion process of Fe in the TiO2 nanostructures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the presence of different Fe species on the surface of samples as well as changes in the chemical environment of Ti related to the presence of these species. The photocatalytic performance study of the samples revealed that their photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of dyes is inversely proportional to the amount of Fe, being this result attributed to the superficial alterations caused by the presence of Fe species in the nanostructures. However, the studied samples showed good capacity for photoreduction of CO2 in products with higher added value, such as CH4 and CO, with the sample synthesized at pH 8 and with the highest amount of Fe showing the best photocatalytic potential, evidencing the important role played by the morphology of the material obtained and the amount of Fe in its photocatalytic performance. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the morphology and Fe amount can define the best applicability of the sample to either the deconstruction (dye degradation) or construction of molecules (CO2 photoreduction).
Isolados bacterianos do besouro-praga Sphenophorus levis: potencial para degradação de poliestireno expandido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-30)
Madera, Karen Susana Manjarrez
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Santos Junior, Celio Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5945110773903442
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
The present work aimed to verify the potential of endosymbionts bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of larvae of the insect pest Sphenophorus levis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the degradation of expanded polystyrene (EPS) through the use of bioinformatics tools. The study was based on initial observations of active consumption of EPS by the insect larvae. Initially, S. levis larvae were submitted to intestinal dissection for isolation of the most abundant strains and genomic DNA sequencing in triplicates. The identification of bacterial strains was performed using single copy genes, taxonomic markers, obtaining genomes associated with Microbacterium hominis, Bacillus spp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophila. Phenotypic traits were predicted from the genome sequence with high accuracy, since traits such as morphology and oxygen sensitivity agreed with the biochemical characterization of the strains. Genes related to polystyrene degradation were identified only in the strain Bacillus spp. SLBac4, and with these data we proposed a metabolic pathway for EPS biodegradation. The Bacillus spp. SLBac4 has four enzymes involved in side-chain oxidation and direct disruption of the styrene aromatic ring, however, the initial depolymerization of EPS remains unknown. Within the four enzymes, styrene monooxygenase was characterized and compared for its specificity in the initial step of EPS degradation. In addition, currently, there are no studies on enzymes that directly degrade EPS. Our study provides the first evidence related to a possible metabolic mechanism of enzymatic biodegradation of bacteria from the gut of S. levis larvae, enabling the development of new future strategies for bioremediation of pollutants such as EPS.
A relação entre cultura e bem-estar subjetivo em perspectiva comparativa: evidências a partir do individualismo-coletivismo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-30)
Barroso, Luiz Felipe Oliveira
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Itria, Alexander
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7278290457268315
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9060737026672441
The use of self-reported measures of well-being, including the degree of satisfaction with life, allowed a series of new assessments of well-being, previously limited to objective indicators. The study of the literature built on these subjective measures identified patterns in the effects of economic and sociodemographic characteristics on the degree of satisfaction of individuals. In a step forward, with the adoption of international databases, these effects began to be evaluated at the national level. The results of these analyzes indicated differences in the level of satisfaction in different countries, justified only partially by economic characteristics. The objective of this work is to identify whether cultural characteristics influence the degree of satisfaction declared in different countries, through a traditional model of determinants of subjective well-being. The methodological differential of this research is the strategy adopted in two stages, incorporating cultural dimensions, centered on the continuous individualism-collectivism, and the estimation of a hierarchical econometric model for the levels of satisfaction with life. The first step of this strategy is the construction of the cultural dimension of individualism, through behavioral questions included in the World Values Survey (Waves 5 and 6), reduced to an index using the Multiple Correspondence Analysis method. The results of this section compared to the literature on cultural values indicate convergences, such as Sinic Asia countries showing a lower level of individualism in the sample, and divergences, with countries from the New West and Protestant Europe groups also aligned close to the collectivist limit of the cultural continuum, which would not theoretically be expected. In the second step, this index is included in a multilevel econometric model, interacting with regional dummys, which makes it possible to find some significant, albeit discrete, effects on the declared level of satisfaction. This approach found negative impacts of individualism in Indian Asia, Islamic East, Sub-Saharan Africa groups, and positive effects of individualism on the average satisfaction level in Protestant Europe and Latin America groups, compared to the median cultural group. These results indicate some adherence to the hypothesis that satisfaction levels are affected by cultural values, even if they are limited to the mentioned groups of countries. Finally, the limits of this type of approach are also discussed, from the validity of the measures and the database used, as well as possible alternatives in future investigations involving subjective well-being and culture.
Isolamento, caracterização taxonômica e aplicação de leveduras no processo de fabricação de cervejas personalizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-30)
Andrion, Bruno Cardoso
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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Matheucci Junior, Euclides
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412
The brewing market has been expanding with important demands aimed at improving the quality of the drink. One of the alternatives to improve the process would be the identification of yeast strains with unique organoleptic characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to understand the dynamics of yeast succession throughout the production chain of a small microbrewery in a city in the interior of São Paulo, aiming to create a yeast bank that can be used to identify strain customized. And as the specific aimed, it was: a) to identify the diversity of yeasts participating in the production process in a microbrewery; b) to relate this sensorial contribution with the territorial characteristics that are present in that brewery; c) to identify and reproduce Brazilian yeast(s) with potential for the beverage industry and the assembly of a personalized microorganism bank that can be used for the production of personalized beers; d) to verify the productive efficiency and sensory characteristics of beers produced with the isolates; and e) to identify, through the study of the gene expression of these yeasts, possible alterations in metabolic pathways that are of interest to the brewing industry and develop these yeasts to contribute to the production process. For this purpose, the present study was divided into five stages: (I) Collection and propagation of Yeasts in 13 production points encompassing the entire production process; (II) Analyzes and creation of the yeast bank based on morphology (III) Characterization of the bank by sequencing the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA (IV) Selection of yeasts with productive potential and (V) Brewing with selected yeast in scale pilot. So far, topics I to III have been completed. 119 colonies were tested due to their morphological characteristics, which after sequencing were grouped into eight different species of the order Saccharomycetales (Candida tropicalis; Diutina rugosa, Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondi; Kazachstania yasuniensis; Pichia Kudriavzeivii; Pichia myanmarensis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Wickerhamomyces anomalus), which were organized in genetic proximity in 2 stages (pre and post fermentation); Of the strains belonging to the species S. cerevisiae, 5 colonies were subjected to growth and fermentation tests at different temperatures and malt extract concentrations, the 3 best being selected for micro-scale beer production for evaluation in a sensory test by trained sensory panel. Among these 5 candidates we selected the GP2 yeast, it was chosen due to its sensory characteristics very different from the standard and with good fermentative performance. During fermentation, samples was collected for the evaluation of gene expression by real-time PCR (qPCR) of genes related to important metabolic pathways related to sugar consumption, ethanol production and aromas). We hope that the results of this work can identify new Brazilian yeasts that can produce beers with new aromas and flavors, in addition to making the process more competitive and with lower production costs. It was possible to verify a diversity of yeasts within a microbrewery, which were obtained from the inputs to the end of the production process. With this selection, it was possible to identify and to select strains with productive potential that showed growth characteristics, alcohol formation and aromatic compounds with interest for the brewing industry. In addition, it was possible to identify the metabolic pathways used by the selected strains, which it is important for future studies regarding the development of yeasts through crosses and selections or domestication of wild yeasts of interest.
Aplicação do shunt piezoelétrico para controle passivo de chatter no processo de torneamento da liga Ti-6Al-4V ELI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-01)
Pereira, Adailton Gomes
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Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
One of the main limitations for increasing the productivity of machining processes is the emergence of self-excited vibrations. This type of phenomenon, commonly called chatter, arises due to the interaction of the cutting tool with the wavy surface of the part to be machined. One of the strategies to mitigate these effects lies in the use of passive vibration control using a shunt piezoelectric device, which consists of an electrical circuit connected to piezoelectric material coupled to the structure in order to dissipate vibrations. This master’s research proposes the study of these device for chatter control in the turning process of titanium alloys and to analyze their performance when the cutting parameters are varied. The results showed that the cutting speed is more influential on the roughness of the parts, the feed and the machining depth are more influential on the vibration. With the simulations performed, it was possible to show that the shunt device is efficient to reduce vibrations and increase the stability limit of the process, thus mitigating the chatter during the machining process.
Comunicação alternativa ampliada sob a ótica dos profissionais atuantes em cuidados paliativos no contexto hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08)
Aguilera, Giovanna Barbosa
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Bombarda, Tatiana Barbieri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8070700589653226
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5145480196132520
Introduction: Communication is the main way for the relationship between patient, family and team, being an extremely important tool to ensure the patient's wishes, sustain their hope and reduce the fears linked to the experience of the illness process. Faced with situations of temporary or permanent impediments to the patient's verbal expressions, it is necessary to offer an alternative way to perform the communicative function. Objectives: This study aimed to verify the use of alternative and expanded communication by professionals working in palliative care in the hospital context with the adult and elderly population. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory study, involving a field survey with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire, with data analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: Fifteen health professionals participated in this research, who consensually expressed the level of maximum importance attributed to the communication skill in palliative care, a factor supported by three central ideas: basis of palliative practice, path to singular therapeutic planning and active participation of the patient in treatment and a tool for multidimensional assessment of suffering. However, in the face of clinical conditions in which the patient's communication is altered, some professionals mentioned a lack of preparation to provide communication through alternative resources. When using resources for expanded alternative communication, it was noticed that the approach is limited, focused especially on the identification of symptoms and basic needs, with reduced exploration of multidimensional aspects. Conclusion: It was found that there is clarity among the participants about the importance of communication in the care process and that the deprivation of spaces for expression and exchanges constitutes a potential element of suffering. In view of this understanding, part of the professionals mentioned strategies used within poorly systematized actions, a factor associated with low education on assistive resources and the absence of a multiprofessional hospital team to support such implementations.
Estratégias de Consagração e de Valorização da Matemática por meio da OBMEP:
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08)
Neto, João Alves de Souza
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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Farias, José Vilani de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447633775917499
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
Neste artigo apresentamos alguns resultados de pesquisa sobre a Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas, a OBMEP. Trata-se da maior olimpíada de Matemática do mundo, promovida e organizada por matemáticos de formação, abrangendo escolas de mais de 99% dos municípios do Brasil. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma visão sociológica desta competição, de acordo com o referencial teórico-metodológico de Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002). Com base em um desenho do campo da matemática é possível interpretar a OBMEP como uma estratégia dos matemáticos para valorizar, consagrar e legitimar o seu modo de fazer e de ver a Matemática, impondo essa visão à escola. São analisados documentos, como cartazes, sites de divulgação, artigos e outros materiais de domínio público. Por meio dessa análise, compreendemos que existem práticas de inculcação de crenças, de valorização e de legitimação de uma Matemática, a acadêmica. Veicula-se também, por meio da OBMEP, que é essa Matemática que é base e alavanca para o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do País.