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Práticas pedagógicas interculturais de docentes na Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior: análise da produção acadêmica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28) Barbosa, Ana Maria da Silva; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7807914975323849
The theme of this research is related to teachers' intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic and Higher Education, considering the problem involving the inequality present in schools - especially public ones - and the following need for the development of such practices. The question of the research is: how is the Brazilian academic production on interculturality configured in the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in both Basic and Higher Education? Thus, the general objective delimited is: to analyze the relations between interculturality and teaching in the pedagogical practices of Basic and Higher Education teachers, by carrying out a bibliographic survey of the Brazilian academic production available in journals in the educational field. The specific objectives established are: to investigate what has been published about the intercultural pedagogical practices of teachers in Basic Education and Higher Education; and to verify which contributions the analysis of intercultural pedagogical practices offers for the construction of new perspectives of work with intercultural education in the contexts of Basic and Higher Education. The theoretical framework is supported by humanizing education and interculturality theories. After collecting data from Brazilian journals in the field of Education, selected from pre-established descriptors, the corpus of the research analysis was composed of 8 articles considered "core" (about 33% of the selected articles), among them, only three dealt with intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic Education and five in Higher Education. The remaining 16 articles discussed: theoretical and conceptual approach on intercultural pedagogical practices; intercultural practices developed with artistic groups; and intercultural practices carried out in commercial relations between the indigenous community and the non-indigenous collective organization. It was verified that the initiatives with intercultural pedagogical practices present elements that can benefit and enhance the implementation of teaching practices that value cultural differences. In this aspect, the relationship between interculturality and teaching can be announced positively when relating to the presence and articulation of the contents domains, methodologies, and sensibility in the teaching practices addressed in the articles - theoretical categories which we used to accomplish the analyses. Regarding the contents, the respect for the students' knowledge was a constant; regarding the methodologies, we noticed that they were not based on "talking about", but always involved acting with the students from their realities and thinking about this action; as for the sensibility, it was analyzed that the articles did not offer subsidies to discuss the sensibility as to the principle that the teachers need to be committed with the learning of all students; it (sensibility) was always found in its relation with the contents and the methodologies. We also presented the contributions that the results provided regarding the reflection on teaching practices based on the valorization and dialogue between different cultures, indicating pedagogical possibilities concerning the relationship between interculturality and teaching.
Abordagem de computação paralela para geração de bases de regras fuzzy em problemas de grande volume e de alta dimensionalidade dos dados usando algoritmos genéticos multiobjetivo de ordenação por não dominância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28) Santana, Maykon Rocha; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-7306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9437028723564473; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4696
The development of Rule-Based Fuzzy Systems (FRBS) brings with it the need to address issues related to the desirable balance between the conflicting objectives of accuracy (measure related to the system's ability to describe a given problem) and complexity (measure related to interpretability of the FRBS according to the number of rules and rule antecedents). This situation also occurs when considering problems where the input data have large volume and high dimensionality. However, in these cases, a question arises: the number of rules is so large (thousands or even millions of rules) that the extraction of accurate and interpretable Fuzzy Rule Bases (FRB) through classical sequential algorithms becomes computationally very costly and often unfeasible. In this context, Parallel Computing appears as a means to, from a large set of rules, enable the extraction of FRB that are weighted between accuracy and complexity. Therefore, this work proposes a parallel computing approach to generate FRB from high-volume and high-dimensional rule sets. The idea is that, using parallel computing and Multiobjective Evolutionary Fuzzy Systems (MOEFS), it is possible to extract accurate and compact (less complex | more interpretable) FRB from a large set of rules. For the generation of MOEFS, the Multiobjective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms NSGA-DO, MNSGA-DO and the classic NSGA-II were used. Each of these algorithms was tested to generate FRB from sets of Fuzzy rules obtained through the FCA-Based method. With the tests it was noticed that, with the use of AGMO NSGA-DO and MNSGA-DO, it was possible to achieve, in addition to the two main objectives, a better distribution of the solutions along the Pareto Frontier compared to the solutions obtained by the NSGA -II. The tests showed that, through the proposed approach, it was possible to extract accurate and compact BRFs from large sets of rules. Furthermore, tests were performed following a method based on the state-of-the-art FARC-HD approach. It was possible to perceive that the BRF obtained through the approach proposed here had, in general, greater accuracy in relation to the BRF extracted through the method based on the FARC-HD approach.
Os assírios no norte da Síria: questões territoriais em meio ao Estado Sírio e à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28) Holtz, Mateus Felipe; Franca, Gilberto Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341682768558822
The present work has the general objective of understanding the territoriality of the Assyrians, an ethnic-religious minority in northern Syria - region of the province of al-Hasakah and the Khabour River Valley, amidst the tensions caused by the overlap and territorial dispute between the Government Syria and the Northern Democratic Federation – government institution with a Kurdish majority. To achieve this goal, we proposed a scalar analysis of the social and political action of this Christian minority: a global level, discussing the mobilization of Assyrians in diaspora; a national/regional level, dealing with the insertion of the Assyrians in Syria and its relations with Damascus; a local level, manifested in the defense mechanisms of the territory by the Assyrians regarding the establishment of the Kurds in northern Syria. These three scales are mediated from the Syrian Civil War, when we relate the events involving the Assyrians at different levels of action to David's concepts of imperialism. Harvey, and of empire and multitude, treated by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt. The result of this research points to the existence of a diffuse Assyrian territoriality, while socially they are divided between rural and peasant communities and urban, peripheral and commercial circles. At the same time, politically, there is a diversity of political positions within Syria, with groups that recognize the Syrian State, sectors that support the Kurdish project and others that remain neutral in the dispute.
O impacto de contratos públicos na atuação de cooperativas de coleta seletiva: estudo de casos no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28) Correa, Anabella; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5304401998498073
The selective collection is important from the environmental, economic, and social perspectives. However, the autonomous agents, who informally work on this, have no aid, protection or visibility. Therefore, their grouping in associations or cooperatives is recommended. Some environmental regulations instituted in 2007, with the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” (Federal Law 12.305/2010) as a legal landmark, have encouraged the hiring of these cooperatives by the public authorities, recognizing their important role in the solid waste management chain. There is a consensus that the existence of a public contract is favorable for the empowerment of cooperatives, but it may not be enough. Thus, this research aims to assess the impact and consequences of the existence of contractual instruments between public entities and waste picker organizations. A comparative case study considered municipalities with the same population in the country of São Paulo state. In addition to quantitative surveys of collection, sale, and municipal coverage. The objective is to know the current scenario of each case, and also to propose suggestions for policies or actions that help to strengthen cooperatives or that can improve their performance. Therefore, a selection of municipalities with same population size in the state of São Paulo were selected for a comparative case study. It consisted of documentary research in addition to contracts surveys and analysis of economic, social, environmental and governance aspects of the cooperatives. The results indicate that contracts, when well-planned, are important for the success of both the cooperative and selective collection. The existence of a cooperation agreement is still better than the absence of any formalized partnership with the government. Unfortunately, it still does not recognize these collectors as service providers, as established by solid waste legislation. In addition to the signing of contracts, the importance of support networks, the establishment of a waste management fee and the increase in reverse logistics partnerships with manufacturers and traders is pointed out, applying shared responsibility to all links in the chain.
Óleos essenciais como antimicrobianos naturais em pós-colheita de frutos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28) Rodrigues, Camila Bueno; Ferreira, Marcos David; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996484267072997
Essential oils (OEs) present antimicrobial activity and can be used as natural compounds to inhibit bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the OEs potential to control microorganisms that could cause food spoilage. OEs from Mentha spicata, Cymbopogon martinii and the essential oil from Eugenia caryophyllus were commercially obtained. These substances were evaluated to observe the antimicrobial ability to inhibit Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Data indicated the potential utilization of OEs to control bacteria and fungi. The best OEs results were found with Eugenia caryophyllus and Cymbopogon martinii with high fungi inhibition (250µL and 750µL, respectivelly). On the other hand, Eugenia caryophyllus presented antibacterial inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Mentha spicata presented the best MIC and MBC (0,781 and 3,125) to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectivelly.