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O papel do setor florestal para a conservação da vegetação nativa no entorno de áreas protegidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-05) Queiroz, Daniela Aparecida Rosa de; Mello, Kaline de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974531968891537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1630380580773733
Protected areas are essential for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the conservation of these areas also depends on the management of their surroundings, enabling the connectivity of the landscape with native species. In agricultural landscapes, the preservation of native vegetation on rural properties is one of the indispensable means for the connectivity of the protected area. Certifications in the forestry sector that require compliance with environmental laws can work as an important instrument to maintain or improve the conservation of protected areas in the agricultural landscape. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess changes in land use/cover and landscape connectivity around the Capão Bonito National Forest (FNCB) in southeastern Brazil between 1986 and 2019 and to understand whether the forest sector has contributed to maintaining vegetation. native to private lands. For this, we evaluated land use and land cover in 1986, 2008 and 2019, focusing on the application of the so-called New Forest Law (NLF). We obtained land use and land cover maps from Mapbiomas and verified land use change using the Arcgis 10.5 raster calculator tool. The connectivity of the landscape and the importance of the surrounding native vegetation fragments was verified based on the Graph Theory. Property boundaries were extracted from a land tenure model for the State of São Paulo. To verify the perception of landowners and forestry companies, we sent a questionnaire with open and closed questions. Our results showed that pasture and native vegetation were the main land use/cover in the area. Forest plantation occupied a significant area around and within the protected area. In terms of property numbers, forestry plantations had the largest area of properties in 2019, and the largest native vegetation cover over the years in relation to other agricultural sectors. Forest fragmentation has increased over the years, even with the increase in native vegetation in 2019 compared to 2008. Regarding intent and compliance with the NLF, owners and companies have demonstrated knowledge and intent to comply with the law. Regarding the knowledge of the FNCB, most respondents said they did not know about the existence of this conservation unit. Among the companies in the forestry sector, they reported having actions involving the FNCB, and there are other actions under study; most respondents are Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified. The results obtained provide an important subsidy for the management of the conservation unit, with diagnosis for knowledge and possible improvement in the awareness and interaction of rural owners and forestry companies with the conservation unit.
Concepção de tecnologia dos Programas São Paulo Faz Escola e Inova Educação: permanências ou rupturas?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-05) Beriotto, Siméia de Souza; Ramos, Géssica Priscila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2573340489166336; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934761725769675
The driving element of this research arises in the context of emphasis on the technology theme in educational programs and policies that guide the school curriculum. Affiliated to the State, Politics and Human Formation line of the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of São Carlos, the present investigation analyzed the focus attributed to technologies in the São Paulo Faz Escola and Inova Educação Programs, implemented in the state education network supposedly with the aim of improving the quality of education. In response to the question “What role or roles have been attributed to technology in education according to the conception/s disseminated in state schools in São Paulo by the curricular programs of the State of São Paulo - Programs São Paulo Faz Escola and Inova Educação? ”, the general objective of this investigation was to identify and compare the conception/s of technology present in the São Paulo Faz Escola and Inova Educação Programs, seeking to understand in this process possible continuities and ruptures. Articulated to the general objective of this study, specific objectives were outlined that proposed to understand the implications generated by the transformations of the productive process of contemporary capitalism and neoliberal policy in the organization of the school curriculum and in the proposition of technological education; to analyze the structure and functioning of the São Paulo Faz Escola and Inova Educação Programs; to understand and analyze the concept of technological education in the São Paulo Faz Escola and Inova Educação Programs, as well as to compare the concept/s of technology that permeate these Programs. Thus, based on dialectical historical materialism, the qualitative biographical and documental analysis, carried out from the method and content categories, sought to analyze the structure and functioning of the Programs in order to identify approaches to the technology theme with assumptions political-pedagogical approaches focused on managerialism and the subordination of education to the ideological project of adapting subjects to the new technical base of capital. To support the proposed investigation, a comparative analysis was carried out between the two Programs, the result of which indicated differences and permanence in the proposition of technological education offered by both. Organized under technological determinism and utilitarianism, it was found that the technological education proposed by São Paulo Faz Escola, when crossing the areas of knowledge, indicates from the articulation of theory with practice and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the development of skills and abilities associated with technologies linked to school knowledge. In the Inova Educação Program, technological education presented from the Technology and Innovation curricular component, based on intellectualism and technological instrumentalism, is presented as part of culture. Thus, materialized in the integration of the areas of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (TDIC), Digital Literacy and Computational Thinking, the technological education of the Inova Program emphasizes the practical teaching of knowledge, the Digital Information and Communication Technologies (TDIC) and the development of specific competences and abilities of the axes that compose it. However, the continued absence of investments in infrastructure and connectivity, as well as the proposition of a training aimed at adapting subjects to the demands of capital in both curricular policies, proved to be, with the exception of differences, insufficient to characterize, in some way, a rupture with the education project undertaken by the state education network focused on the formation of subjects capable of employability and entrepreneurship in an increasingly technological society with growing structural unemployment.
O papel do protocolo Agroambiental Etanol Verde na conectividade de paisagem: um analise temporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-05) Chagas, Renato Luciani; Toppa, Rogério Hartung; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5772756377894548
The State os São Paulo Government (Brazil) and the Sugar Cane Industry Association signed together, in 2007, the Sugar-Alcohol Sector Agri-environmental Protocol. The document foresaw the end of the fire managment technique of the cane fields and the water sources and riparian forest. However, this public policy didn’t estabilish clear goals for conservation actions. In this context, our work had as an objective to analise this protocol’s role based on three main questions: (i) Do the actions of the sugar-alcohol sector that signed the protocol induced the increase of forest patches in riparian forests that are Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA)? (ii) After the protocol’s signature, was there an increase of functional connectivity? (iii) What is the increase in functional connectivity with all the permanent preservation areas restored? We chose the Araras city (State of São Paulo, Brazil) as the land model for the research. We compared the evolution of riverside PPA based on the Functional connectivity Indexes IIC e PC for the years of 2006, 2020 and we analised these indexes on a hypothetical scenery with all the PPA restored. The results showed a 27,3% increase in vegetal cover from 2006 to 2020 in PPA. Through those years, few forest patches showed areas larger than 100 ha, with only six forest patches in 2006 (2,59%) and eight in 2020 (2,17%). For the IIC Index, the hypothetical scenarios with the PPA restoration scenarios is significantly diferent from the years of 2006 and 2020 (p<0,001). Nonetheless, there is no significant difference in between the 2006 and 2020 connectivity (p = 0,244). As for the PC index, there is a significant difference between the three studied scenarios. We concluded that the actions proposed by the Agri-environmental Group’s Protocol, even increasing the total forest and connectivity area, may be insuficient to affect the functional connectivity in a positive way and, consequently, the natural landscape resilience. That happens because the sugar cane cultivation is intensively managed and needs of complementary Public Policies, as the use of low-impact pesticides, to ensure the biodiversity conservation and a soil use planning to increase the permeability matrix.
Formadores de formação continuada de professores: aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional em uma perspectiva heutagógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-05) Santos, Jussara Gabriel dos; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5440024998042186
This thesis is part of the research developed in the Postgraduate Program in Education (Doctorate degree) at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in the Teacher Education and other Educational Agents research group. It deals with learning and professional development of teacher educators working in the field of continuing education for teachers, specifically in training centers. In general, teacher educators are people who are involved in the formative processes of other teachers. Continuing education is understood as a professional right of teachers and should be guaranteed by the State. In Uberlândia city, in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, the initiatives in this regard are under the responsibility of the Julieta Diniz Municipal Center for Educational Studies and Projects (In this thesis it is used the acronym “CEMEPE” which refers to the Brazilian institution’s name: Centro Municipal de Estudos e Projetos Educacionais Julieta Diniz). The professionals who propose the training in this organization are mostly teachers from the municipal education system itself. Thus, there is an interest in understanding the formative processes of these professionals triggered in the function of teacher’s educators. The general objective is: to analyze the learnings of the teacher educators who worked in the continuing education of the Cemepe and their unfoldings for professional development. Besides, as specific objectives we highlight the following ones: to analyze the construction of learning and professional development occurred in the experience of Cemepe's teacher educators; to understand the formative processes of the educators through personal and professional trajectories; and to identify the personal and professional dimensions involved in the learning and professional development of them. In order to accomplish such objectives, we take as subsidy the heutagogy perspective which is an approach to adult learning (HASE; KENYON, 2013; BLASCHKE; KENYON; HASE, 2014), the learning experience as a fundamental unit of analysis (LARROSA, 2014) and the data are considered from the point of view of three teacher educators who worked in Cemepe. In complementarity with the heutagogy we adopted the characteristics of the qualitative approach (BOGDAN; BIKLEN, 1994), the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument (LEITE, 2008; MINAYO, 2015; MARCONI, 2010; OLIVEIRA, 2012) and thematic content analysis as a form of data treatment (FRANCO, 2005; GOMES, 2015). The results allowed us to conclude that it is in the daily exercise of the function of trainer that the construction and expansion of learning occurs, with the trainers being the main conductive agents. The situated learnings are linked to life and professional trajectories, which, in turn, personify the formation and shape the performance of the trainers. Emotions, beliefs, experiential knowledge, and pedagogical tact are the most expressive personal and professional dimensions in the formative processes. The formative processes are contextually informal, ecological, naturally heutagogical, and have double-loop learning as their central axis. The relationship between learning and professional development takes on a continuum throughout life, because they have been identified at different moments in the trainers' careers. Thus, the concept of longitudinality of the professional development of the trainer was coined, being the sum of previous learning, situated and reverberated in different contexts in the professional career of the trainers.
Estudo do potencial adsorvente da fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) sobre os metais: chumbo, níquel e zinco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-05) Santos, João Pedro Gomes dos; Matos, Andreia Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6155202940087696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1543800499144356
The agro-industrial waste, in result of produced volume and the inappropriate disposition, are potential environmental contaminants and its natural resources. Therefore, when efficiently managed are capable of being highly harnessed in multiple applications, maximizing your use and saving costs. This is the case of Brazilian tall coconut which 85% of its weight is dispensed, although presents potential of reuse because your physical chemicals characters. Between your applications there is metals removal in aqueous solution through adsorption. So, the present work purposed to analyze the potentialities of using this residue to lead, nickel and zinc adsorption through previous studies, since they are toxic metals very used in industrial sector. For this, research was carried out on academic websites on the subject, and the studies were ordered according to the analyzed requirements. Thus, possible preparations of coconut fiber, pre-treatments and methods of interaction between the adsorbent and the metal were verified, in addition to the fiber's ability to adsorb the metals of interest. Finally, there were possible to prove a high adsorbent potential of the fiber, however, due to the diversity of conditions and methods used in the analyzed studies, it was not possible to indicate the best methodology applied. However, the importance of proper disposal of the residue became evident, in behalf of the socioeconomic and environmental gains from the generation of added value of the residue and the relevance of the application, since it directly contributes to the preservation and conservation of the environment.