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O testemunho em Auto-retrato, de João Melo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Rendelli, Debora Ribeiro; Laks, Daniel Marinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9531610287211600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6176225744375120
The present dissertation focuses on the work of João Melo, Self-portrait, to analyze the testimonial content that makes it an important work for the history of Angola, in a sense that over this much was written, rewritten and erased. The entire foundation of this work is supported by authors who discuss the topic of post-coloniality, such as Stuart Hall, Ana Mafalda Leite, Inocência Mata, Homi Bhabha, Boaventura Sousa Santos, among others. The difficulty in placing colonized countries on an equal footing with their first world colonizers invades the theoretical and practical spheres, but a light is shed by the authors' dialogue on the situation of Angola in the 21st century, by João Melo, which has of literary artifices of excellence to produce a work with a deep testimonial content to ensure that the memory of his ancestors lives, in addition to having a visible dexterity in the description of everyday life and its nuances, in Melo's work can be seen an exaltation of life, in order to make an important counterpoint to the ills present in Angola, and extremely useful for the aid of a national identity, which is sought by the author and his literary generation. On top of the author's action, we find a possible way of meaning of the poems written in Self-portrait based on operators of meaning defined so that we can participate in the mission set as witnesses, and carry forward Melo's vision the historical and cultural aspects to which the the Angolan people was subjected and that their memories become so important so that there is a national evolution coming from the reflections that literature is able to provide and when united to history, in an adorned and fluid way, in the language of poiesis, it becomes a tool that in addition to being beautiful, also effective, as João Melo's poetic language bequeaths us
Percepções de professoras sobre formação para a cidadania: um estudo numa escola de ensino fundamental – anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Castro, Mariângela Machado de; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1313045095281222
This thesis is structured around the question: What is training for citizenship according to teachers' perceptions? Its general objective is to analyze the perceptions of teachers from a public school in the early years of Elementary School about training for citizenship and how this training takes place (or not) in curricular and management practices. The relevance of questioning the type of education that schools promote is highlighted, as they interfere in the construction of a type of citizen-subject. The concept of citizenship is related to different world visions, which can take on conflicting connotations. Due to its intrinsic relationship with education, the school reality can be seen from different perspectives, each corresponding to a conception of student-citizen formation. In this research, two opposing and conflicting theoretical perspectives were defined to analyze the concept of citizenship and its relations with the concepts of curriculum and management: the neoliberal/managerialist and the democratic/emancipatory. By advocating in favor of approaching these three concepts in the second perspective, we bet on the articulation between curriculum – conceived as a process and praxis – and democratic management to guide the possibilities of transformation in the school environment. The research, of a qualitative nature, was developed in a public school in the early years of Elementary School in the city of São Carlos/SP. The steps for data construction included application of a form and conducting interviews; data analysis was performed using content analysis. Regarding the results, the participants revealed that they did not have precise ideas about the concept of citizenship, nor had they thought about this topic until the moment of the interview. It is noteworthy the fact that they understand citizenship restricted to the domain of personal relationships. Therefore, the formation of students for citizenship would be guided by the learning of values/principles and would happen “all the time” at school through these relationships, with the teacher as the main mediator. Furthermore, this formation would take place beyond the specific contents of the curricular components, within the scope of the hidden curriculum, being dealt through conversations with the students. Such training would appear, then, as a by-product of the educational action. The interviewees emphasize the importance of the management team in the formation of school actors for citizenship, claiming that this formation is focused on school practices. Elements that denote a more neoliberal/managerial perspective are identified in their speeches, and they also present aspects of the discourses disseminated by the curricular texts and of “common sense”. There is allusion to an inactive and conformist citizenship since their perceptions are centered on the understanding that students should only incorporate certain values to be integrated into society. The announcement of curricular and management practices that promote democratic and emancipatory aspects in the formation of students for citizenship was not identified. However, it is considered that this does not fall under the responsibility of the teachers, since they did not have specific formation on the subject and, still, the school institution itself does not put it precisely in its pedagogical proposal. Through this study, the aim is to contribute academically to the production of knowledge about formation for citizenship by different professionals working in public schools, within the scope of curricular and management processes. The social contribution of the research, on the other hand, is to promote debate in the school space on the introduction of the theme of citizenship in the curriculum and management, to forming the students in the emancipatory perspective of the subject-citizen.
Dor e fatores associados em adultos em trabalho remoto no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Silvestre, Brenda Alves; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5369217841606291
Teleworking was a broadly encouraged measure during the COVID-19 pandemic to decrease virus dissemination, however, it is necessary to understand the impact that this type of work has been causing on these workers in terms of pain and associated factors. It is of great importance to establish a general Brazilian panorama regarding chronic pain, anxiety and sleep in workers who have had their routines changed to remote work. Objective: Identify the prevalence of chronic pain and analyze its correlation with anxiety, sleeping disorders and remote working characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive, observational, with quantitative focus. Inclusion criteria: adults with 18 years old or above, that were working at home (remotely) full or partial time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Exclusion Criteria: subjects with diagnosis of fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and healthcare professionals that were working on the frontline against COVID-19. Data were collected from February 2021 to January 2022. Participants were invited through social media disclosure, universities and companies, to take part in the on-line research with national coverage. Instruments: questionnaire to categorize the sample regarding socioeconomics data, health and life habits; questionnaire to evaluate pain regarding, presence, location, intensity and time under pain; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) to evaluate anxiety symptoms. Results: 328 people took part with a predominance of females (55,2%), with a mean age of 32,96 (SD=8) years and 86,3% had completed higher education. The prevalence of chronic pain was 47,9% (95% CI:42,46%;53,27%), body regions most affected by pain were lumbar spine (62,4%), cervical spine (47,1%) and head (42%) and the perceived pain was of moderate intensity (5,8, SD=2). 59,8% were working full-time remotely and 22,5% were working part-time remotely. Of the 157 people with chronic pain, 53,5% felt pain before the pandemic and continue to feel it during the pandemic, while 46,49% started to have chronic pain after the beginning of the pandemic. From subjects with chronic pain, 53,5% reported symptoms of anxiety disorders and 29,9% sleep disorders. Pain was associated with the presence of anxiety disorder symptoms (p<0,01), the presence of sleep disorders (p<0,01) and time while seated down. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic pain in the studied population that performs remote work is high and of moderate intensity, in addition pain is associated with anxiety, sleep disorders and time in seated position.
Fungos encapsulados em matriz de pectina visando o controle de formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Paula, Gabriela Santos de; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0989534812234714
The main form of control of leaf-cutting ants is through granulated baits based on the active ingredient sulfluramid, but its use is associated with several environmental damages. Biological control with fungi can be a sustainable alternative, but it depends on the development of effective transmission vehicles. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development of the fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, and Trichoderma harzianum encapsulated in a biopolymeric pectin matrix, aiming at the control of leaf-cutting ants and their mutualistic fungus Leucocoprinus gongylophorus on a laboratory scale. For that, the following procedures were carried out: i) evaluation of the topical toxicity of commercial fungi on workers of leaf-cutting ants; ii) evaluation of the growth of commercial fungi on leaf cutting ant workers; iii) production of the encapsulates; iv) evaluation of the growth of fungi encapsulated in culture medium; v) evaluation of the antagonistic activity of encapsulated fungi on the mutualistic fungus; vi) characterization of encapsulated fungi using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); vii) analysis of the acceptance of encapsulated fungi in subcolonies. By the topical test, it was possible to observe the stability in the survival of the workers of the control and the treatment with M. anisopliae during the eight initial hours of evaluation. In the other treatments, mortality already occurred in the first hour. After eight days of evaluation, the treatments T. harzianum, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea caused the highest worker mortality, and B. bassiana the lowest. As for the growth of commercial fungi on the workers, in the treatments with the fungal suspensions, it was observed the germination of the conidia in the cuticle of the ants and horizontal contamination of the mutualistic fungus. After six days of evaluation, the encapsulated fungi plated in the PDA culture medium showed similar growth to the commercially plated fungi. After offering the encapsulated for five consecutive days, low loading values were observed in all treatments and the control. Thus, it can be concluded that the encapsulation process did not interfere with the sporulation and germination of commercial fungi. However, further evaluations are still necessary to make the encapsulated more attractive to leaf-cutting ants.
Materiais digitais no ensino de biologia: com a palavra, professores e licenciandos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Kapp, Alessandra Miguel; Pierson, Alice Helena Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4871741918979382
This research aimed to analyze how Biology teachers in high school at a federal institute and teachers in training for the Degree in Biological Sciences understand the role in teaching and the relevance of incorporating digital technologies into their educational practices, from the process of selection and use of digital technologies. To achieve the research objectives, we opted for qualitative research, which, when approaching different groups of participants – teachers and teachers in training – used the focus group as a data collection instrument. Two collection blocks were carried out with each group of participants, called GF.1 and GF.2. After organizing and rereading the data obtained, narratives were constructed, portraying the moment of discussion and reflection among the participants. We divided the categories built a posteriori into four axes: i) criteria for choosing digital materials; ii) forms of interaction with digital materials; iii) contributions of digital materials in biology classes; iv) limitations on the use of digital materials. As much as teachers in training and teachers have shown consensus with most of the categories presented above, the way of using and understanding the role of digital materials had a partially different character. Teachers in training highlighted the importance of an authorial production, articulated to educommunicative perspectives, although entirely restricted to the theoretical field, with proposals, not very systematized, of future works that teachers could develop in the classroom. When analyzing their practices during the internship regencies, the way of use fell to a more pragmatic character of illustration and demonstration of scientific knowledge. As much as they valued scientific quality when using the media, they pointed out insecurity when making good selections, considering the diversity of audiovisual productions available. However, we were able to identify, albeit initially, strategies for accessing, analyzing, and evaluating digital materials, aspects that approach media literacy. As limitations, they recognized difficulties related to the infrastructure of schools and the use of virtual spaces that transport students to possible problem situations that belong to "artificial" contexts. While most of the students' concerns were related to didactic aspects, the professors evaluated the selection criteria, the forms of interaction, the contributions, and the limitations based on processes that valued scientific knowledge. In this context, the videos gained many prominences, and the justifications were linked, for example, to the different possibilities of developing biological content, presenting micro perceptions within the biological field, and establishing faster relationships with the content to be treated in class. The focus group, little by little, also became a relevant space for reflection on the practice itself, promoting debates involving more contextualized biology teaching practices connected to contemporary challenges and in dialogue with educommunicative proposals. After experiencing the contributions of the focus group, we highlight the importance of expanding our studies to other contexts of initial and continuing teacher education to develop a more robust repertoire of scientific propositions linked to media literacy.
Diversidade Cultural: um olhar pela perspectiva de professores de Educação Física Escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Souza, Cristiane Pereira de; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9314655403204888
This research composes a doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), inserted in the line of research School Education: theories and practices. The question answered in this study was: What contributions do the teaching/res of School Physical Education in the first and second years of elementary school promote the understanding of Cultural Diversity? Its objective was to identify and analyze what contributions the teachers of School Physical Education offer to the treatment/approach/inclusion of the theme of Cultural Diversity in the school from what they do within the classes. This research addressed the problem of Cultural Diversity within School Physical Education, signaling the importance of new research in this field of knowledge, highlighting the triangulation among: Teachers, School Physical Education and Cultural Diversity, which corroborates the need for teachers to reflect on pedagogical practices that privilege Cultural Diversity, questions and discussions, within the school environment. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature, with a questionnaire as data collection instruments and the execution of five focus group meetings. We have the collaboration of 15 teachers from municipal and state public schools in the State of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo as participants of the research. We performed data analysis with precepts of content analysis, with which we obtained the following categories: Teachers/res: Who are they/ them? Meanings attributed to cultural diversity and cultural diversity and its scope in School Physical Education. The theoretical framework was based on the works of Paulo Freire. The main results obtained were: the teachers/res through their cultural identities attribute meanings to Cultural Diversity through cultural identity, difference and differences and specificities of Physical Education. We identified that Cultural Diversity manifests itself for these teachers/res through the social markers of difference: ethnic-racial relations, politics, religion and gender and sexuality.
Segurança do paciente: conhecimento de alunos de um curso técnico em enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Silva, Ana Paula Falcoski Martinelli; Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5571999744814487
The care complexity and the performance of several procedures make the nursing professional's routine prone to errors. One strategy is to include the topic of patient safety in teaching, as risk recognition and prevention of adverse events are fundamental in the training of future professionals. Given the relevance of the topic and considering that nursing professionals at a technical level predominate in number in institutions, the importance of taking actions related to patient safety content for the technical course student is highlighted. There is a gap in the content related to teaching on the subject and the training of this professional has weaknesses in this aspect. COVID-19 has disorganized the health system and the complications resulting from the disease have overloaded care in health institutions. The job offer increased, mainly for the nursing technicians category. The research’s objective was to evaluate the knowledge of students of a technical course in nursing about patient safety. It was a methodological development study with a quantitative approach in which it was proposed the construction and validation of a structured instrument to assess students' knowledge about patient safety and a descriptive research where the instrument was applied. The present study took place in a state technical school in the city of São Carlos and was developed in 2 phases: phase 1, consisting of the construction and validation of the instrument by expert judges; and phase 2 consists of the application of the instrument to the students. The instrument developed followed as a model the Student Assessment Instrument regarding teaching about quality and safety in nursing QSEN SES BR with the domains: patient-centered care, safety, teamwork and collaboration and informatics. The CVI was 0.89 and Cronbach's Alpha was 0.751. Subsequently, the instrument called Student Assessment Questionnaire on Patient Safety (QAESP), which has 15 questions on patient safety, was applied to 51 students (46% response rate), of which 94.1% were female, average age aged 31.5 years and 35.3% with experience in providing care to patients, 56.5% being caregivers for the elderly. Of the total number of students, 90.2% agreed that requesting help from another health professional, and recognizing the importance of intra and interprofessional collaboration, is essential for teamwork; 86.3% agreed that they always inform the teacher about the presence of conditions that favor the occurrence of avoidable care incidents in the internship field; 86.3% agreed that health technologies improve the quality of care and contribute to increasing the safety of patient care, and 52.9% agreed that information systems, to report the occurrence of preventable care incidents, make a difference in reducing future mistakes. The topic is not included in the technological bases of the course. Despite the importance of the topic, the results point to the improvement of actions that can lead to vulnerable care. The study showed that the QAESP is a valid tool for evaluating the teaching of patient safety by nursing technicians.
Co-ocupações de bebês e mães para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil e ocupacional nos primeiros meses de vida: estudo de casos múltiplos por meio de filmagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Beltrame, Vitória Hoerbe; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3596145765755802
Human occupations are the personally significant activities that constitute the subject's daily life, are intentional, and have purposes that influence health and well-being. The child's involvement in occupations in the first months of life depends on another person, usually represented by the mother. The term co-occupation has been used to describe the interactional, joint, and shared exchange between mothers and babies, in occupations such as feeding, bathing, playing, holding, changing clothes, and interactions. Contemporary scholars have problematized the need to produce systematic studies on co-occupations as applied science, defending the existence of three constructs, namely shared physicality, emotionality, and intentionality. Considering the above, the objective of this research was to characterize and describe the co-occupations of feeding, bathing, and playing of babies and mothers in the first months of life, and to identify the implications for the practice of occupational therapists, considering the child and occupational development in early childhood. In order to do so, a multiple case study was analyzed through descriptive and exploratory qualitative research. Data collection was carried out through filming, totaling 17 homemade videos, six of the co-occupation of feeding and bathing and five of the co-occupation of playing, since one of the dyads did not send the footage of the co-occupation of playing. The footage was transcribed and analyzed using the ATLAS ti software, version 9®. In addition, two independent judges analyzed the footage from the perspective of the assessment instrument Indicadores de Referência ao Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI) and answered three more questions about the mother and baby interactions. The results indicate that the mother and the baby are mutually engaged in the act of feeding on the part of the mother and being fed on the part of the baby in this co-occupation. In all three studied co-occupations, both engage mutually to interact with regard to the exchange of glances, protoconversations, body contact, and exchanges of smiles. From a sensory and motor perspective, it is pointed out that mutual engagements support the existence of the construct of shared physicality, which also allowed the characterization of the construct of shared emotionality when the co-regulation between the general state of the baby and the mother is perceived in the co-occupations of feeding, bathing, and playing. On the other hand, shared intentionality is affirmed by the baby's active position to interact and react to feelings of hunger, which, when answered by the mother, characterize the construct in all three studied co-occupations. It is also observed, in the co-occupations, the identification of the IRDI indexes, mainly in relation to the co-occupation of playing. It is concluded that co-occupations are important with regard to the stimuli arising from the relationship between the dyads, allowing occupational therapists to carry out readings on mutual engagements and, thus, identify the potential of this relationship to the baby's child and occupational development. It is also worth pointing out that this research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, it is suggested that field research is carried out with the use of other instruments, such as field diaries and interviews.
Avaliação de sistemas agroflorestais utilizando indicadores agroecológicos de sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Trindade, Maeli Oliveira; Forti, Vitor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; Silveira Franco, Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5015026706057244
Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) are recommended because they contribute to an area returning to its initial landscape, given that they contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and restore the provision of ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through the application of a set of ecological indicators of sustainability, if the agroforestry systems implemented for restoration and agroecological production in the areas of Sitio São João, promoted the return of the ecological functions of the local ecosystem. For this, a protocol with ecological indicators was adapted and applied in two Agroforestry Systems and an adjacent riparian forest, in order to relate to their ecological functionality, which in turn is associated with the return and maintenance of ecological processes provided by: species diversity, functional diversity, development of individuals, system control and management and soil protection and nutrient cycling, agrobiodiversity, socioeconomic aspects and satisfaction. The two SAFs stood out positively in at least one ecological functionality descriptor. The SAFs added an average of 37 points, that is, they recovered on average the corresponding to 64.95% of the ecological functionality in relation to the positive and referential scenarios, ranging between 66.7% and 63.2%, for the SAFs 1 and 2. SAF1 showed better functioning and one of the explanations is the characterization of each area, where SAF1 was more biodiverse compared to SAF2. This can be explained by the type of management I carry out in each area, as well as the choice of species and the functions generated by them.
Modelagem da estrutura trófica da comunidade biótica de uma bacia costeira em Bertioga – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Silva, Victoria Pinheiro Gonçalves da; Peret, Alberto Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2467512665618438
Environmental characteristics and trophic relationships in streams of the Atlantic Forest can interfere the ichthyofauna’s food webs which, in addition to a seasonal oscillation in the water cycle, can affect the structuring of the community. The objective of the work was to verify the influence of structural and limnological variables, ecosystem development patterns and the water cycle on food webs in 11 coastal streams in a one-year period in Bertioga (SP). The samplings took place monthly between may 2016 and april 2017, with an electric fishing device. A taxonomic sorting and biometry were performed with the captured specimens for a later dissection and fixation of the stomachs. A mathematical model was created for each stream in Ecopath with Ecosim. The annual analyzes consisted of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with environmental data to verify structural and limnological differences between streams, then a grouping with presence/absence of species to observe distribution patterns, and a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) with environmental data and ecosystem parameters to identify the influence of variables on food webs. The seasonal analyzes consisted of a PCA to observe the occurrence of seasonality on the environmental data, then a t-test was applied to verify statistical differences between the wet and dry periods with the measured attributes, where these attributes were later plotted in a PCA to observe seasonality between streams, and a Key Species Index to identify the central species of the food webs. Environmental characteristics, such as width, depth, flow, substrate, dissolved oxygen and pH, differentiated between the clear and blackwater streams, and in the distribution pattern of the ichthyofauna as well. The ecosystem attributes influenced the trophic webs of the streams, and the studied environments are stable with a certain degree of resilience, however, still in the process of ecosystem development. The absence of seasonal variation in environmental data and some of the ecosystem attributes is due to the constant rainfall in the region and the presence of dense riparian forest around the channels, which may have favored an increase in the availability of food items, contributing to the shortening of the trophic chains. Top-down and wasp-waist effects were observed in ecosystems in the region, varying between streams and, in some cases, seasonally as well.
Avanços e desafios nas políticas de promoção de acesso e permanência de estudantes negros (cotistas) na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Barbosa, Maria Carolina Rosa Orlando; Nascimento, Manoel Nelito Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4486910967478337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0095258800238491
The black population represents more than half of the Brazilian population, however, social and economic indicators related to ethnic-racial groups in society are still unequal. The affirmative action policies adopted as a strategy to reduce inequalities in education have given special attention to higher education, due to the inequalities in the participation of white and black students at this level of education. These policies have achieved significant results expressed by the expansion in the numbers of black students in federal universities, but it is necessary to increase the policies that make possible the material and symbolic permanence of students at the university, allowing them to successfully reach the end of their academic career. This academic work seeks to analyze and discuss the problems and challenges related to the access and permanence of black students in public universities, focusing on the situation in the Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar. The investigation was carried out based on bibliographic, documentary and field research. The field research was carried out with students who entered UFSCar through the system of vacancy reservation, in the ethnic racial criterion and associated income, that is, self-declared black, brown or indigenous students, who have completed high school in public schools, in addition to those entering the reservations for the disabled in the same group. The data collected at UFSCar contributed to the understanding of data regarding student trajectory and performance in the different types of admission to UFSCar from 2008 to 2022. The percentage of admission through vacancy reservation with the criterion of public school, went from 22 % in 2008, to 44% in 2022, despite the percentage having doubled in these 15 years, it is still lower than the number of students who entered through universal access in 2022, 56%. This evolution demonstrates the need to maintain and expand the measures that democratize access to universities, in addition to showing the importance of institutionalizing programs to support the permanence of students entering the vacancy reservation system. The analysis of the data collected in the field research shows that 60% of the students who answered the questionnaire remain at the university with their own resources, either through the help of family members or work, while the rest receive assistance from the university. The main difficulties presented by students are subsistence and those related to prejudice, discrimination, racism, feelings of helplessness and non-belonging. These questions point to the need and importance of advancing in institutional measures and programs that aim not only to expand access, but also to aim at the material and symbolic permanence of black students.
Modo de viver dos/as moradores/as da ecovila Tibá de São Carlos: processos educativos emergentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Melges, Alice Maria Calado; Gonçalves Junior, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0719946984868810
Ecovillages represent a resistance movement to the dominant system that questions the values of modern society by leading ways of life and coexisting that are guided by community and ecological principles. The Tibá ecovillage, located in São Carlos/SP, seeks to implement more harmonious human/nature relationships based on the ethical and political principles of Permaculture. This research, based on references that discuss utopia, praxis, dialogicity, the Epistemologies of the South, the ecology of knowledge, the sociology of absences and emergencies and the Pedagogy of care, assumes as its central objective to identify and understand the educational processes emerging from the way of life of the residents of this ecovillage. This investigation consists of qualitative research which, inspired by Phenomenology, sought to understand the phenomenon studied through the perspective and experience lived by residents of the Tibá ecovillage. It was based on conducting semi-structured interviews, using a script with five open questions. Seven socio-residents of the community were interviewed. Data were analyzed following the procedures of Phenomenology, situated phenomenon modality, according to Martins and Bicudo (2005) and Gonçalves Junior et al. (2021). Data analysis revealed that the way of life of residents in the ecovillage is organized around three axes that make up three categories of analysis: “We had a desire and that became a proposal”, “Trying to understand the other for this coexistence to work” and “A peaceful place to live, closer to nature”. These categories respectively denote the values and utopia that guide the praxis of the interviewed group and the lived experiences related to community life and life in the countryside. The educational processes identified by the research are triggered by these two contexts of experience and the way they are articulated to principles, ethics and values arising from Permaculture. Cooperation, diversity, otherness and care are key components of the educational processes that emerge from this way of living, considering human relationships and relationships with nature. We believe that they can contribute and inspire the construction of an alternative education and society project based on the idea of cooperation and care.
O trabalho intensificado e extensificado do professor gestor na Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Padim, Dayton Fernando; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4563383419191623
The growing expansion of vacancies in federal higher education began at the end of the first term of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, after decades of stagnation. Within the scope of the Ministry of Education - MEC, the universities arising from expansion after 2003 are classified as: New (Expand Program), New (Creation by Specific Law between 2012 and 2016) and Supernovas (Creation by Specific Law between 2017 and 2018). In this sense, on June 5, 2013, with Law No. 12,825 (BRASIL, 2013), the creation of the Federal University of West Bahia - UFOB was approved, with the city of Barreiras as its headquarters and the creation of four new Campuses. In view of the expansion investigated, it appears that the professor's available time to teach classes, do research and extension tends to decrease due to the greater workload related to institutional management. in the context of the expanding university, it has developed when professors are performing institutional management activities by occupying management positions, which we call manager professor. In this sense, we also intend to demonstrate in this research that the manager professor is an inexorable part of the university's institutional management, which is one of the pillars of university autonomy, which we understand to be a mandatory requirement for the good development of the university's activities, since they are the teachers who carry out the end activities. The research conducted focused on the Federal University of Western Bahia - UFOB. Knowing the functioning of the university and the official means of accessing the various data sources, whether documents or data from various public databases, we understand that the best methodology for structuring the research would be the case study. Through the data collected, we produced a profile of the professors who were in the institution between its beginning, in the year-period (semester) 2013-1, until the year-period (semester) 2018-2, which is the research clipping. We divided the presentation of data based on the activities developed by higher education teachers, namely: teaching, research, extension and institutional management. After presenting the data, we tried to demonstrate and analyze the process of intensification and extensification of teaching work. We notice then that there is a triad that ends up hovering around the manager teacher in a certain way: Managerialism – Instrumental Rationality – Intensification and Extension of Work. The results show that managing professors, depending on the position they occupy, may have, in addition to the intensification, a greater number of functions performed, having their working hours extended or doubled (80 hours per week), in some cases; and in many cases, an increment of up to fifty percent. Thus, the work proves to be important for the debate on the intensification and extensification of the teaching work of managing professors.
As tecnologias no ensino remoto: uma abordagem sobre a contribuição do smartphone nas aulas de matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Spatti, José Adriano; Veraszto, Estéfano Vizconde; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6253673132956358; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4360031288004296
Technology can contribute to the teaching process and is considered a means for learning to occur. Taking into account the pandemic situation that affected the world in 2020, this dissertation presents the result of an exploratory and reflective study whose objective was to identify aspects that implied in the practice of the mathematics teacher in the face of remote teaching - considered by the authorities as a emerging solution to preserve people's health - causing profound changes in the educational scenario through a teaching format unknown until then. To facilitate and assist this confrontation, the use of digital technologies has become indispensable to guarantee the learning of students, especially in Mathematics. This scientific research, whose methodology will be a bibliographic review and content analysis by Bardin, meets this need to reflect on the use of the smartphone as an emerging resource with great access to the general population, contextualizing its use as a resource that facilitates learning, bringing their contributions and also the weak points within the educational process, providing an opportunity to reflect on the importance of diversifying pedagogical practices, which required a new look at education itself. In this sense, it is necessary to include all the actors involved in the study: students, teachers and the school community, so that technological innovation goes beyond the issue of methodological practice, so that cultural and social aspects can also be experienced. The great differential shown, however, will be the increment of new ways of presenting mathematics to students using the smartphone as an innovative resource. The Google Scholar, Scielo and Web of Science platforms were used to survey the works, restricting the temporality between the years 2020 and 2022. The 72 results obtained in the bibliographic survey were categorized through the following aspects: Potentialities, Weaknesses; Content Involved; Intentionality; Applications Used and Results Obtained. There is no way to despise the smartphone. He has already become a partner for work, studies and also for leisure of both subjects involved in the educational process. It is necessary to look at the possibilities of contribution of the device as an enabling tool, in the contribution of learning, from other angles, and it is up to educators to guide students in the conscious use of this technology, which has gone from villain to protagonist in this scenario of remote teaching.
Histórias Sociais e crianças com autismo: mapeamento da literatura e proposta de treinamento online de mães
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Lazzarini, Fernanda Squassoni; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0296605637608176
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may have deficits in social interactions that can lead to inappropriate behaviors. Some authors have been successful in using social stories to promote social performance and decrease inappropriate behavior. Social Stories™ are short, self-paced stories that can be used to help people with ASD interpret and understand difficult, confusing, or new social situations. These stories are used to describe social situations in which an individual may have difficulty identifying relevant social cues or expected behaviors, as well as serving to understand the consequences of behaving in different ways. This thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 aimed to examine articles on Social Stories to determine the strengths and weaknesses of research that explored the use of this intervention for individuals with ASD. After searching and applying the inclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected. It was observed, after analysis, that the applications have taken place in several environments, suggesting that its field of action is expanding, although social stories are not commonly used and researched in Brazil. Study 2 analyzed the effectiveness of an intervention that promotes the learning of behaviors compatible with the inclusion of social skills in the repertoire of children with ASD, applied by their mothers after online training, presenting only the appropriate behavior and observing if there is a decrease in inappropriate behavior, based on previous studies and using the AB design. The participants were three mothers and three children between 2 and 4 years old diagnosed with ASD, who presented inappropriate behaviors in the face of a social demand. Each child had their own social story, indicating the desired repertoire. The behaviors worked by the mothers were maintained after one month, demonstrated by the answers in the social validation questionnaire answered by the participating mothers, pointing out the effectiveness of social stories as demonstrated in the literature.
Isolamento e seleção de leveduras promotoras de crescimento vegetal de solo sob cultivo de milho orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-29) Bispo, Rafaela Letícia Brito; Rosa-Magri, Marcia Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4166319985147604; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3198272314594864
The microorganisms that promote plant growth are a group naturally found in beneficial association with plants, among which, yeasts have shown promising results. The objective of this work was to isolate, select and characterize yeasts from soil cultivated with corn (single and intercropped, with and without organic fertilization). The isolates were selected for their ability to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate and control phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and were phenotypically characterized. The selected strains were identified by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain in the 26S gene of the ribosomal DNA and evaluated to produce AIA, solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and the effects of the suspension of cells or metabolites in the treatment of corn seeds. The strains identified were: Torulaspora delbrueckii (MGA9, maize + pigeon pea), Torulaspora globosa (MP18, maize + compost), Torulaspora delbrueckii, (MCP22, maize + sunn hemp + compost), Aureobasidium melanogenum (MA5, single maize), Candida pseudointermedia (MGA12, corn + pigeon pea), Trichosporon asahii (MCP24, corn + sunn hemp + compost) and Cryptococcus laurentii (MGCP25, corn + pigeon pea + sunn hemp + compost). The strains MCP22 and MGA9 stood out in terms of AIA productivity in potato broth and molasses. For all strains, the NBRIP culture medium offered the best conditions for the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate, except for the MA5 strain. In in vivo tests, no treatment affected seed germination. For the development of the radicle and coleoptile, there was greater development in the treatments with the metabolites of the MGA9 and MCP22 strains but resulted in plants with shorter shoot length. Regarding the root parameter, the metabolites of the MCP22 strain stood out, but resulted in plants with lower root dry mass. The best results were presented by the cells of the MCP22 strain and the cells and metabolites of MA5. It is possible to conclude that yeasts isolated from soil cultivated with corn present mechanisms of plant growth promotion and affect the development of the culture since its beginning, therefore, more studies are necessary to evaluate the potential for plant production.