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Modelo machine learning de um trocador de calor tipo placa via modelo gerado no Aspen
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Santos, Wellington Martins; Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9510667439952406
Mathematical optimization methods tend to be increasingly applied, both due to the greater capacity of computers, as well as the greater knowledge of the behavior of the systems and consequent knowledge of the variables to be modified, in order to obtain an optimized response. In the search for opportunities for improvement in chemical processes, such as predicting mass flow of refrigeration streams in the beverage industry, artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) have been commonly used, which have been used in this industry since the 1980s, as they are sufficiently rigorous models and quick to activate control devices effectively. Therefore, this work has the final objective of building a mathematical model using machine learning, which calculates the mass flow rate of the ethanol input stream (cooling fluid) in the plate heat exchanger at the brewery. From measurements of temperature, pressure and flow of the real currents of the company's heat exchangers (AMBEV), a model was developed in Aspen HYSYS®, to represent the behavior of these exchangers. From a mesh of inputs, the model was used to simulate the outputs. These outputs were used to build an empirical model that represented the process. Three types of empirical models were used for supervised learning: linear regression, multilayer perceptron and decision tree. To optimize and evaluate the models, data were separated into cross-validation and testing. The decision tree model was able to better predict the mass flow rate of the Ethanol stream with a standard deviation of 1.92×10^(-08) and 0 Kg/s, for the respective heat exchangers.
Indústria 4.0: uma revisão sobre os requisitos mínimos para sua implementação em indústrias de processos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Chaguri, Lucas Ferreira; Ferreira, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
The industrial sector has always faced great changes that were mainly marked by the great industrial revolutions. Each one of them brought new technologies, new production methods and great advances to the sector, in order to be able to serve the final customer more quickly and effectively. Currently, a new industrial revolution is taking place, a movement that started in Germany and was originally focused only on manufacturing, but which due to the rapid evolution of globalization and the IOT (The Internet of Things) is already taking over all the others. company sectors. This revolution is called Industry 4.0 and unlike other revolutions, this one does not just happen within the industry, but connects the entire value chain, up to the end customer, collecting and processing data from each step of the process and, through this information, promotes continuous improvements both in terms of production and customer experience. Therefore, the objective of this graduation work is to present what Industry 4.0 is and what are its main pillars, as well as to discuss the minimum level of maturity that a company needs to have in order to implement Industry 4.0 technologies, taking into account the infrastructure for the application of new technologies, the cultural transformation that must occur to meet the new needs and, finally, to present an assessment of the difficulties and challenges that a chemical industry faces to reach the minimum requirements necessary for the implementation of fourth-generation technologies generation.
Análise da recuperação de açúcares redutores totais na etapa de filtração de uma usina sucroalcooleira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Rodrigues, Gustavo Arnaldo; Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294
Brazil is the largest sugarcane producer of the world, with more than 654 millions tons harvested in the year of 2021. In the same year, were produced 35 millions tons of sugar and 26,8 billions liters of ethanol. Due to the production size, losses in process results in big financial damage. Among the process macro steps are the juice treatment, that seeks to eliminate insoluble solids and contribute with the product’s final quality. The filtration is the last part of the treatment, which the mud that came from the clarifier is filtered aiming to recover total reducing sugars (TRS). An adequate control and sizing are necessary to minimize the effects of losses in filtered mud. Thus, this work’s goal was to evaluate the recuperation of TRS from different scenarios in the unit, which has four rotary vacuum filters and one vacuum belt filter. In the scenarios, the occupancy of the filters was varied and, posteriorly, the amount of TRS, the filter loss and the financial recovery were calculated. Comparing with the most efficient scenario, where both filters was under full capacity, the scenario in which the rotary filters where 25,06% above capacity, presented mud filter loss of 0,137% resulting in a financial loss of R$ 1.202.522,48 during the harvest. In the scenario where the belt filter was 12,82% above its capacity, the mud filter loss was 0,031% and the financial loss in the harvest was R$272.699,18. Finally, it was possible to conclude that the advantageous way to conduct the filtering process is with the filter below its maximum capacity. It is important to emphasize that are other evaluations that must be accomplished before suggesting an investment in the sector.
A presença da mulher indígena no ensino superior brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Almeida, Aline Gabriela de; Braga, Rosângela Batalha; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0885392135692490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3219347816242222
Despite the inclusion of indigenous peoples in the Brazilian public university, there are several barriers that prevent indigenous students, especially women, from remaining in their course. The general objective of this work is to create an overview of studies already published on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of existing affirmative actions in Brazil for indigenous women. The methodology used was documentary research on the main academic platforms, followed by government websites, scientific articles and published magazines that address issues related to indigenous themes at the university, especially on the presence of indigenous women in public universities. The greatest difficulty was to find, specifically, data that revealed actions aimed at the female indigenous public and exact numbers of indigenous university students entering or even completing higher education, which suggests further studies on this topic that is so important for Brazilian higher education.
Validação de software para simulação cromatográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Furlani, Murilo Tadeu Rusconi; Pádua, Thiago Faggion de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8909812973749651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1713898695937381
The global market for bioproducts has shown a great increase in recent years, and shows the prospect of an even greater increase in the coming years. In the manufacture of bioproducts, the purification step (or downstream) is shown to be a bottleneck in economic viability, representing 50% to 80% of the total cost of these processes. Liquid chromatography is a type of mixture separation of great importance in the manufacture of bioproducts, due to its versatility, allowing a large number of combinations and strategies. Several molecules of high added value are produced in a complex mixture, with several components, in opposition to the specification for high purity in the final product. In these cases, chromatography is the most common choice in the purification steps. The high cost and development time of chromatographic processes can represent an obstacle for new products to reach the market and reduce the economic viability of implementing the process on a large scale. This reaffirms the importance of finding ways to simplify the development of these separation techniques and make them more affordable. Thus, the present work aimed to test the application of the Croma Dash Engine software (Registered at INPI, Process Nº: BR512022000420-8), for chromatography simulation using devices such as parametric sensitivity tests and applied simulations. From the simulations, the results obtained using different interpolators were evaluated, in order to define the Koren interpolation method as the most viable for the adopted process conditions, being this method accurate when using a mesh with a relatively small number of nodes. (200 in most cases), which provided timely simulation. It was also possible to analyze the behavior of the simulated peaks in terms of what is expected by the physical chemistry of the chromatographic process. The qualitative behavior was evaluated according to what is expected from the literature, both in experimental and simulation terms. It was possible to observe the sharpening effect, which is expected under overload conditions, relatively short lengths and favorable isotherm. In addition, the peaks with greater funneling also showed development to a constant pattern behavior, something known in the literature and important in experimentation for scaling up of adsorption columns.
Uso de programas gratuitos para a simulação dinâmica da secagem em leito fixo com reversão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Kotchetkoff, Paulo Coelho; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
Mathematical models are widely used in the design, control, and optimization of systems. With the growing popularization of the computer as an accessible tool and technology advances, it is increasingly common to include computer simulation as a fundamental step in the development of chemical processes. The high energy demands in the drying process lead to stricter requirements regarding the efficiency of the equipment used. In order to improve drying efficiency, the DEQ/UFSCar Particulate Systems developed a thick fixed bed primarily intended to verify process models. The cell allows changing the direction of the airflow, causing the decrease of the temperature and moisture gradients inside the bed. Were then derived and experimentally verified dynamic models with different degrees of complexity, and recently, a two-phase model was implemented in Matlab that describes with a good agreement the drying of alumina in the thick fixed bed. Because the alumina has essentially free water (easier drying) and is structurally simple, it was the standard grain used in drying simulations with airflow reversal. The present Final Undergraduate Paper aims to simulate the drying of thick fixed bed alumina with airflow reversal using the two phases model, converting the Matlab script into Scilab and Python. The simulation results were compared to the conventional fixed bed operation to see if it effectively reduced the temperature and moisture gradients achieved with the reversal technique.
Desenvolvimento do projeto conceitual de um processo para a produção industrial de poli(ácido lático) a partir do glicerol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Cuchaba, Reginaldo Leandro; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1785718288379879
Due the context related to the sustainable development that society has been receiving in recent years, the search for new alternatives to fossil fuels has been growing a lot of attention, which increases significantly the production of biodiesel, especially in Brazil. In this case, there is huge increase in the production of glycerin as a by-product, which challenges a new arise: find alternatives for the destination of glycerol that make the biodiesel production chain more profitable and capable of absorb the entire production of the by-product. As a result, several processes have been studied and improved for the transformation of this excess glycerol into chemical products of greater added value, including lactic acid. Considering that lactic acid is a material that has received a lot of focus in recent years, due to the possibility of use in the production of PLA biopolymer, this work focuses the analyzes of the possibilities of obtaining polylactic acid from the by-product of the biodiesel process. In face of that, the work focused on establishing a conceptual process for obtaining PLA from lactic acid using technologies already studied and available in published researches. A preliminary Process Flow Diagram (PFD) was developed for the defined process option, which results an approximate mass balance, so it could be used in the project cost estimates. With the estimated costs from the development, it was concluded that the proposed project still does not have feasibility conditions because it is a technology that has not yet matured, which justifies not having industrial employment so far. The cost analyzes carried out, although still in a very early stage of development, showed that the revenues obtained with the conceptual project developed with a production capacity of 1,800 tons of PLA per year, provided a large raw material cost, exceeding 75% of what It was supposed to be. In addition, from the estimated cost of capital, it was found that the net profit necessary to reach a return on investment in an attractive period of time exceeds the revenue generating capacity of the process. However, it is believed that the technologies studied are quite promising and can bring more favorable results when they are at a more advanced level of development.
Uma revisão dos desenvolvimentos recentes na aplicação de pós-tratamentos ao digestato da digestão anaeróbia a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Pizarro, Mariana de Mattos; Rosa, Paula Rúbia Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4284223404098079; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6331933759537239
Anaerobic digestion is a consolidated process technology for managing waste, with a large number of publications on this topic, due to its ability to degrade organic solid waste and generate biogas as renewable energy. associated with problem of waste generation we also have the emission of greenhouse gases, in which the Methane gas is the second most abundant man-made greenhouse gas, and today the third largest source of emission of this gas are the dumps, mainly of solid waste urban. With the increasing evolution of anaerobic digestion in waste treatment, the disposal and utilization of biogas waste (i.e. digestate) becomes a problem prominent. To elucidate research and developments related to digestate treatment, This work aims to present the current research scenario in the world facing the post-treatments of digestate from the anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and its possible applications as a valuable product. In addition, understanding the main aspects and steps involved in the processes and possibility of use in Brazil. The platform of Web of Science was used to select articles. 1632 publications were found in the period from 2002 to 2022. The results indicated that the year 2021 had the highest number of publications, with 313 articles and Italy and China were the countries that published the most, with 268 and 262 publications respectively. Among the articles selected as the most relevant, the The most observed objective was the evaluation of post-treatments of the digestate for use as fertilizer and other valuable products, and among them the treatments most applied to digestate were filtration and centrifugation for the raw digestate, composting for the solid fraction of digestate, with 38% of the works selected as relevant, and the filtration treatments by membrane and ammonia stripping for liquid fraction of digestate with 12 and 11 publications respectively. It was possible to conclude that an integrated approach to energy production and waste recovery can be used, in which various value-added compounds can be extracted during and after the anaerobic digestion process, arriving at the concept of circular production.
Revisão crítica de técnicas para estudo de propriedades ácido-base de catalisadores heterogêneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Shine, Luiza Sanae; Gomes, Janaina Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038978735786113
Currently, around 85% to 90% of all petrochemical and chemical industrial processes in large industries are catalytic. The insertion of catalytic steps makes the process more environmentally sustainable, as it leads to the formation of the desired product in less time, with less use of resources and generating less waste. A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction, decreasing its activation energy, without being consumed. When the catalyst is solid and the reactants are liquid or gaseous, the catalysis is heterogeneous. The physicochemical properties of the catalytic material influence its performance during the reaction. One of these properties is the acid-base character. To determine the acidity and basicity of a solid catalyst, there are several techniques. The Hammett indicators method is the simplest, indicating the presence of acidic or basic sites by the changing the color of the solution. It was initially developed for aqueous solutions and later extended to solids. Temperature programmed probe molecule desorption (TPD) and microcalorimetry are techniques based on the measurement of heat of desorption and heat of adsorption, respectively. The amount of heat released is associated with the strength of the active sites. Spectroscopy is based on the measurement of the transition energy between two levels, depending on the wavelength used. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measures the change in spin, while infrared spectroscopy (IR) measures the change in vibration. Both techniques provide information on adsorbed species, types and strengths of active sites. Model reactions lead to the formation of different products in acidic or basic medium, so the analysis of the products formed allows the quantification of acid or basic active sites. The objective of this work is to critically review these techniques and point out their advantages and disadvantages, associated with time, cost, simplicity, application and detailing of the surface characteristics of the material, and to present a possible association of techniques for a more complete study of acid-base properties of heterogeneous catalysts.
Otimização de processos industriais: modelagem de problemas de programação linear e não-linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Maia, Paulo Eduardo Reis; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
The efficiency of industrial chemical processes is tied not only to process variables, but also to external factors, such as the availability and cost of raw materials, transportation, storage, and many others. The concept of optimization may be applied to various aspects of the same process, and it is most utilized in minimizing production costs or lead time; maximizing profits or production volume; and even defining the layout of facilities or choosing the most appropriate location for a building site, according to its proximity to suppliers and clients. Conducting optimization analysis is essential to ensure that even smaller projects are viable, even more so now that reducing waste and using our natural resources more efficiently have become priorities in the search for more sustainable manufacturing. In this paper, two engineering problems were modeled in Pyomo, an open-source optimization Python package. The results were very close to those found in the articles from which the problems were extracted, and will be compiled, along with the developed models, for further study in the Chemical Process Optimization and Synthesis course, as part of the Chemical Engineering curriculum.
Melhoria do nível de controle da separação primária entre amido e glúten em uma refinaria de milho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Oliveira, Vitória de; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
Ingredion Incorporated is a Business to Business (B2B) company that operates in the field of processing and refining industrial ingredients of agricultural origin, mainly corn-based. The first process in the corn refining chain is Wetmilling and the objective of this step is to separate the grain components (husk, germ, starch and gluten) with maximum purity, minimum energy use and minimum losses. In this way, the production yield of each component is determined. In order to improve operational performance, the reliability of the Grinding stage and increase the gluten yield of the factory located in the municipality of Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, the insertion and replacement of instruments with better performance and technology was planned. The operation would then be carried out automatically using a Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID). In Wetmilling, the separation of starch and gluten is carried out through separating centrifuges and, therefore, to ensure a good quality of the process, it is necessary to control the underflow and overflow currents. Normally, underflow density is controlled through instrumentation. Inadequate separation leads to low final gluten yield, in addition to starch loss. As a recommendation for the installation of density meters, it is essential to monitor the following factors: fluid aeration (existence of air bubbles) and accumulation of material in the lines and in the instrument. In this work, the application of a density measurement system will be presented, to carry out a more rigorous control of the underflow of the separation centrifuges. This system was composed of a deaeration box, a mass density meter - which operates on the principle of the Coriolis Effect - and a v-ball control valve. In addition, a Clean in Place (CIP) system was foreseen, since the cleaning of the instrument proved to be very relevant to its performance. Using the recommendations of Ingredion's Corporate Engineering, a standard operating procedure was created to collect several samples from the underflow and measure its density in °Be through a standardized analytical procedure. Subsequently, the data obtained was treated, seeking to compare the measurement on the bench and that indicated by instruments with different operating principles (Coriolis and pressure difference). After verifying the credibility within the process, the best hydrometer option was selected considering the aspects previously discussed and other points involving issues of safety, operation, interlocks and stop/outage that affect the density measurement system developed by Ingredion discussed.
Atletas da modalidade esportiva do voleibol - relações entre as lesões nos membros superiores e o desempenho nas ocupações: uma revisão sistemática com síntese narrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Antão, Rosangela Aline; Paiva, Gisele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385641297899352; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0954109118423724
The daily life of volleyball athletes is filled with an exorbitant amount of specific activities directly derived from their main occupational role (athlete). Since it is a practice that involves the constant use of the upper limbs, there is the possibility of injuries in this region of the body and, therefore, a demand for occupational therapy with performance in Hand Therapy and Upper Limb Rehabilitation. When working with this population according to the Model of Human Occupation, it is assumed that the engagement in occupations has a personal motivation and requires a set of performance skills, and that an injury can directly compromise the relationship between the subject and his occupation. The intent of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to investigate the most common upper limb injuries in volleyball practice in order to produce a narrative synthesis of the results and correlate them with Occupational Therapy in Sports, Hand Therapy, and the Model of Human Occupation. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted in the CAPES Periodicals database over the last 10 years and a two-stage analysis of the results, which allowed for synthesis and discussion: 1) Organization of the studies into logical categories by means of two tables (bibliometric information and PICOT acronym); 2) From the analysis of the categories and in comparison with the objectives of the work, definition of two guiding themes of the narrative synthesis ("Injuries and performance in the practice of volleyball" and "The performance of occupational therapy in sport from the Model of Human Occupation"). Thus, it was possible to observe a gap of two years between the publications found, as well as between 2001-2014 and 2016-2021. Finally, the narrative synthesis allowed for the understanding that repetitive movements above head height, the intensity and duration of training, the long duration of the athletes' careers, and the performance of exercises to increase strength, may cause impacts on the participation and occupational engagement of these subjects. In this context, therefore, Occupational Therapy in its work within Hand Therapy and Upper Limb Rehabilitation, based on the assumptions of the Model of Human Occupation, has the possibility of working on the goals and objectives of interventions focused on meaningful occupations and activities for these athletes, promoting and enabling engagement in meaningful occupations.
Levantamento dos princípios éticos aplicados na Engenharia Química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Oliveira, Leticia Silva de; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
The set of moral values, rules and standards of an individual or a social group constitutes ethics. For a society to have sustainable and adequate progress, it is essential that the professionals who compose it act ethically. With regard to chemical engineering, the individual’s performance brings impacts related to inclusion, environmental sustainability, public safety, among others. However, for the actions and decisions of a chemical engineering professional to be in accordance with ethical principles, there must be at least instruction. Faced with the responsibility of work towards society, the chemical engineer must always seek the necessary knowledge and technique so that his performance promotes benefits and does not generate risks to nature, social differences, public health and other fields involved. In view of this, it is noted that there is little instruction on these aspects throughout the training of a chemical engineer and, in addition, there are few materials available in the literature that describe, in an objective and compiled way, the various criteria and paths for ethical work in the market, which includes current guidelines. Another problem is the absence of analysis of these concepts applied in practical and real cases, appropriate to the category of chemical engineering. Therefore, this work aims to describe actions that promote an ethical culture in the field of chemical engineering, through a bibliographic review of the fundamental ethical pillars of the profession and other relevant studies and reports published on this topic. With this, it is sought to educate and enable the understanding of actions and such ethical principles applied in chemical engineering, seeking to minimize negative impacts and anticipate possible consequences for society and the environment. Still, from the result of this work, it is expected to also have clear how to promote the concepts of ethics throughout the formation of the chemical engineer. As a result, chemical engineering professionals will have a greater understanding of how to apply ethical principles in engineering standards and practices. Moreover, this study, as well as its dissemination and use in the labor market, corroborates so that the vision of this sector is increasingly praised and well evaluated by society in general.
Viabilidade técnica da síntese de epicloridrina a partir de glicerol: simulação comparativa da reação crítica em três processos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Andrade, César Augusto; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0700825622503424
Glycerol is currently a low-value commodity co-produced in large quantities in the synthesis of biodiesel, which renders its production mostly renewable. In the search for more valued substances that can be made from glycerol, epichlorohydrin stands out as the main upgrading option. This substance is a monomer of epoxy resins traditionally synthesized from propene in a particularly polluting process. The successful replacement of propene with glycerol in this synthesis, with economic and environmental gains, has motivated studies dedicated to further understand and optimize the process. This work takes place in the current research scenario as an evaluation and comparison of the technical feasibility of the synthesis through the simulation of its critical reaction, the hydrochlorination of glycerol to 1,3-dichloropropanol (1,3-DCP), in three different processes based on available literature and patents. After studying the kinetics of the reaction and choosing the best reactional model and kinetic data, the software Aspen Plus was used to simulate a process using a reactor in the CSTR model, a second process using a reactive column, and a third one combining both of these equipments in series. Departing from the operational conditions described in the references, the processes were optimized for 1,3-DCP production and equipment feasibility. The process with a CSTR proved to be the most feasible, in spite of the inferior results when compared to the claims of the reference patent, such as the yield of 68% for 1,3-DCP that was strongly limited by the volume of the reactor. The process that used exclusively the reactive column was shown to have no feasibility whatsoever due to the residence time in the column being much inferior to what would be required to yield noticeable amounts of product, which was proved by sizing the column internals. The simulation of the process that combines the two reactive equipments showed once again that the reaction virtually does not happen in the column, even when it is dimensioned beyond realistic sizes; the results got increasingly better as the production shifted towards being fully done in the CSTR, using the column solely for separation of the products. The three processes showed high performance in the purification of 1,3-DCP. The conclusions were that although feasible, the CSTR process lacks the information needed to lead the simulations to achieve the efficiency claimed in the reference patent; and that the feasibility of using a reactive column in this process depends on technical advances that allow for a larger residence time of the reagents within reasonable column sizes.
Análise estatística de processo visando aumento da vida útil do revestimento de rolo aplicador de amido na produção de papel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Lima, Nádia Maria de; Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294
Additives are used in a paper production process, including starch. For application, the starch goes through a cooking process, and it is used in the process in order to improve the physical strength and appearance of the papers, increases solids retention and water drainage from the production system and, consequently, optimizes the process. The application takes place in two stages: in the preparation of the cellulose mixture that will be pressed and dried to become paper and, later, on the surface of the already formed paper. In this second case, the application of surface starch occurs through the flow of the solution around the upper fixed press roller of the Speed Sizer set, which consists of a pair of rubber-coated cylindrical presses that rotate with a linear speed of 1000 m/min, which the paper to be coated passes through. The objective of this graduation work was to perform a statistical analysis of process data in order to identify the variables that affect the useful life of the rubber coating of the fixed press of the set, looking forward to increasing its durability. For this, thirteen process variables were considered, known as: pressure on both sides of the press, inlet and outlet temperature of the starch in the system, operating temperature of the press and its head, pressure and speed of the starch metering bar, flow and system starch inlet and outlet viscosity, traction and press rotation speed. Data for each of the thirteen variables mentioned above were collected three times a day, during 9 months and seven days, for four different press rolls operating on the same machine and under the same conditions. Through the methodology of CART Classification (or decision tree algorithm) and Ordinal Logistic Regression, the variables that have the greatest influence on the process were identified, and values were suggested for their operation, aiming to increase the useful life of the rubber and reduce the system-related maintenance costs. In addition, statistical process control tools were applied and it was possible to identify that the system does not behave as a statistically controlled system, presenting high variability and resulting in failures in the tests of the I-AM control charts used in the analysis.
Programa de formação continuada de professores de educação física para elaboração e aplicação do plano de ensino individualizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Orlando-Bacciotti, Patrícia d'Azeredo; Munster, Mey de Abreu Van; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8333195434091968
The Individualized Education Plan applied to Physical Education (PE) (IEP-PE) can be a favorable strategy for the implementation of inclusive pedagogical practices in PE classes. However, it is considered important to expand knowledge about IEP-PE and train PE teachers who work with students with disabilities in regular education regarding the elaboration and implementation of this tool, to ensure greater autonomy for these professionals. Therefore, the present research had as general objective to develop and analyze the effects of a continuing education course aimed at the construction, elaboration and implementation of the Individualized Teaching Plan applied to PE, aiming at the process of inclusion of students with disabilities in this context. This is a study with a qualitative approach, characterized as collaborative research. Thirteen PE teachers from a medium-sized city in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo participated in the study (100% of the teachers). Data collection involved the following steps: Step 1) Approaching and establishing a link with the school community; Step 2) Identification/definition of the problem to be solved and Action program planning; Stage 3) Implementation of the program, consisting of Part A, called Continuing Education Course and Part B, consisting of the IEP elaboration meetings; and, Step 4) Program evaluation. The initial form (Steps 1 and 2), observation script (Step 4) and final form (Step 4) were used as data collection instruments. As a form of data treatment, thematic analysis was used. The analysis of the results indicated that, although some gaps related to the participants' initial training were not filled with the continuing education course, the study revealed that the appropriation of information related to students benefited their participation, that communication between teachers of PE and other professionals was increased and that the PEI-EF can be, as long as it is well structured, an indicator for PE planning aimed at the inclusion of students with disabilities. Therefore, the effort directed at the development and analysis of the effects of a continuing education course aimed at the construction, elaboration and application of the Individualized Teaching Plan applied to PE, aiming at the process of including PAEE students in PE classes at regular schools of teaching was extremely relevant, with the achievement of what was aspired to, which was the critical analysis and the participation of teachers in this process, optimizing opportunities for students with disabilities in the inclusion process, since teachers had more autonomy in the elaboration and application of IEP's
Revisão sistemática da literatura com Bibliometrix sobre forças de adesão de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Silva, Karen Laiz da; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9450415301717795
This work is a systematic review of the literature that aims to elucidate the roots of knowledge about adhesion forces between nanoparticles and surfaces, given the strong relationship between this topic and air filtration. Filters with a biocidal effect are essential for human health, taking as an example air conditioning filters and masks whose importance was highlighted by the Covid-19 pandemic. The articles analyzed were selected from SCOPUS and Web Of Science databases. The search was refined through the application of the functions of the Bibliometrix package, an open-source tool in R language, aimed to systematic analysis of the literature. Bibliometric aspects of the articles obtained by the searches were analyzed, such as repetition and correlation of keywords, division of works into sets that contained common concepts and authors' productivity and relevance. The main references cited among the documents selected at the end of the bibliometric analysis were gathered. Those whose theme coincided with the proposal of the present work were selected. The quality of such studies was evaluated based on the impact factor of the journals in which they were published, considering that this would be a way of guaranteeing that only works that had followed scientific accuracy throughout their execution were read and compiled. The referenced works were extracted from the CAPES Web Of Science portal, read and analyzed. Impact aspects of such publications were considered, based on the number of citations and impact factor of the journals in which the works were published. The most used keywords and the research centers to which the authors were affiliated were analyzed. The functioning of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was described, which still remains the main method used to measure force versus distance curves and determine the Hamaker's constant. The theoretical models of Hamaker, Rumpf and Rabinovich were explored, in order to bring more robustness to the concept of adhesion force, in order to contribute to the research of the Environmental Control laboratory at UFSCar, in the scope of membranes for air filtration.
Projeto de uma usina de etanol de 2ª geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Magalhães, Leonardo Leitner de; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5547575975403497
With today’s worries about the world environmental situation, studies connected to the production of biofuels are gaining momentum. Ethanol is a biofuel with great potential, since it’s use as a gasoline alternative has been around for many years in Brazil. Within this context, studies that aim to increase the production of ethanol through the use of waste from the conventional production stand out. Thus, the objective of this work was to study and design a second-generation ethanol production plant using sugarcane bagasse. To carry out the project, the commercial, economic and engineering aspects related to the process were studied through data available in the literature. Finally, a preliminary project for a second generation ethanol plant using sugarcane bagasse as raw material was developed. The plant was economically viable with a payback time of 7 years for a processing capacity of 476 ton/day of bagasse.
Metodologias para tratamento de água residuárias contendo efluentes tóxicos: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Rodríguez, Nancy Aracely Eguigurems; Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208; lattes.cnpq.br/6875040503933779
With the continuous populational growth and the consequent urban expansion, human activities that use water generate, throughout their processes, several effluents; which may contain contaminants harmful to both human health and the environment. Water is one of the most valuable and important natural resources we have, being one of the main responsible in the cultural and economic development of society, yet at the same time, being a scarce commodity – especially in developing countries, where the water crisis has hit hard. In the current climate scenario, the possibility of reusing this resource is essential. However; in order for the reuse of wastewater to be possible, they need to be treated before they can be reused or properly disposed of in natura without negatively affecting the ecosystems where they are dumped. There are several methods to treat wastewater containing toxic compounds, depending on the type of effluent to be treated. These contaminants may consist of organic material, metals, phenolic compounds, nitrogen, amongst others. In the review presented here, the following methods for wastewater treatment were compared: biological treatment, advanced oxidative processes and adsorption treatment for wastewater from industrial waste; evaluating the efficiency of treatment from an environmental point of view together with a bibliometric analysis of the studies and publications made on these methodologies through the use of the package Bibliometrix. The demand for the reuse of wastewater increased from 2015, with biological and adsorption treatments being the most studied in the last 5 years.
Aplicações de conceitos da indústria 4.0 no processo de abastecimento de água potável no brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-12) Merlo, Pedro de Seixas Queiroz; Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
The deficit to basic sanitation services is a recurrent problem to public management in Brazil. There is a great part of the population that doesn’t have access to drinking water supply networks, a right guaranteed by Brazilian law and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 2020, it was sanctioned the law Nº 14.026 of July 15, known as “Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento” that seeks, mainly, the universalization of the access to basic sanitation services, with the goal of 99% of the population having access the drinking water supply networks until 2033. To reach this goal, besides expanding the current water network, it is necessary to make it more efficient, increasing quality and avoiding water loss. This project identified that the current process lags behind global trends of industry 4.0; technologies that, if implemented, would help in the universalization of basic sanitation services by increasing the process efficiency an avoiding waste. This study also proposes ways of implementing concepts of the industry 4.0, like internet of things and big data, in the drinking water supply process in Brazil, exposing global trends listed in scientific articles and documents of institutions and government agencies.