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Multiplicidade de padrões voluntários de sustentabilidade na exportação global de café
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Beltrame, Nicole; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083
In the global dynamics of coffee exports, the Sustainability Standards (SS) have been created since 1980, aiming at assigning criteria and requirements to be met by agents who pass through social, environmental, governance, equity, etc. However, adherence to the SS incurs costs so that agents are in compliance and can access specific markets and maintain the established commercial relationships. Furthermore, the increasing number of new standards worldwide created duplicity and overlapping criteria adopted by these standards and intensified competition between them. This effect is called the Multiplicity of Sustainability Standards. The objective of this work is to analyze the landscape of the multiplicity in the coffee market, considering the most significant coffee exporting countries in the world (Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Honduras and India) from the analysis of overlap (SOI) and competition (HIS) of standards and also the combination between them. For this, eight SS have been selected: Common Code for the Coffee Community (4C), Coffee Sustainability Reference Code, Rainforest Alliance, FairTrade, FairTrade Small Producers, UNCTAD, Small Producers Symbol and IFOAM. For each sustainability standard, requirements are assigned to be met for its adherence, including environmental, social, human and women's rights requirements and best practices for land and water use, among others. These requirements allow us to calculate the indices mentioned above. From this, it is possible to analyze the dynamics between sustainability standards, their competitive strength and the degree of overlap compared to other standards.
Reconhecimento de entidades nomeadas aplicado em prontuários médicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Souza, Thais Cristina Cardozo de; Viola, Márcio Luis Lanfredi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7797241339089177; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5731362370639869
A named entity is a real-world object, such as a person (e.g. Alan Turing), a location (e.g. London), or an organization (e.g. UFSCar). Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a subarea of Natural Language Processing (NLP) whose purpose is to identify various named entities that appear in text. This work proposes to detail the steps for the use of Named Entity Recognition. Its applicability is demonstrated in real anonymized medical records that contain textual information about patients.
Seleção de áreas para implantação de estruturas de passagem de fauna através da avaliação da conectividade funcional da paisagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Silveira, Patrícia Batista da; Tonello, Kelly Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4738150382976999
In the search for new habitats in a fragmented landscape, animals tend to follow paths through the most permeable matrices, known as least-cost paths (LCP). Some approaches consider the least-cost paths as the ecological corridors of a landscape, such as this study. However, during their movement through the landscape, animals are faced with linear anthropic barriers that restrict their movements, such as highways and railroads. The wildlife crossings structures then appear in this context as punctual elements artificially installed in the landscape, in places where these road barriers exist, to restore or increase the biological flow and connectivity in that region. But what is verified in the great majority of cases is the installation of these structures of wildlife crossings just as a late remediation, only in some places where high numbers of road kills of wild animals are checked. This study presents a methodology for the prior identification of sites for the installation of structures for wildlife crossings, as part of the sustainable road planning of a landscape, through the joint analysis of the ecological corridors of animals (LCP) and road structures in a region. The area selected for this study was a geopolitical unit located in the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the Atlantic Forest domain, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Forty-four points were identified in the study area that demand the installation of wildlife crossings and/or other mitigation measures for fauna accidents. This study also questions the use of high resistance values for highways and railroads in ecological corridor softwares (for the LCP mappings), and suggests a different approach in the tabulation of the resistances of these road structures, with the use of lower values for these structures, for the identification of the true paths of fauna movement in a landscape - and consequently, the location of the real points where the implementations of wildlife crossings will be needed.
Implementação de uma arquitetura para minerar regras de associação espaciais a partir de dados espaciais fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Felix, Thiago Deschamps Reis; Carniel, Anderson Chaves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6350698053529179
The use and importance of spatial data have been growing more and more. With the assimilation of the real world, many spatial phenomena are modeled and represented by fuzzy spatial objects, which have blurred interiors, uncertain boundaries and/or inexact locations. Inferring rules and finding patterns is something that human beings have always done, with the advancement of Artificial Intelligence and the representation of a spatial object, this work proposes an implementation of an architecture capable of mining spatial association rules from fuzzy spatial data. With user input as a parameter, the proposed architecture discovers patterns of spatial association between spatial objects of interest to users (e.g. tourist attractions) and such fuzzy spatial features (e.g. sanitary conditions of restaurants, number of reviews and price of accommodations). Furthermore, this work presents a case study based on real datasets that shows the applicability of the developed method.
Mapeamento de parâmetros de soldagem robotizada GMAW visando tempos de produção reduzidos para juntas do aço ASTM A572 G50
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Arbex, João Renato; Åstrand, Erik; Spinelli, José Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3941102917523821
The welding process using electric arc with shielding gas (GMAW - Gas Metal Arc Welding) is extremely widespread and used in several applications. This is due to its high productivity combined with low cost in addition to its suitability to high automation level. The technology development for an already traditional process is supported by constant demands. One of the most important is related to increase productivity in the industry so that achieving higher filler material deposition rates. Increasing the travel speed in welding process is one of the most straight through and effective ways to meet this demand. However, as the commonly available processes reach a limit, there is a need of recent technologies to overcome such limitations. As such, for any innovative technology there are challenges to be overcome, which require studies to understand its operation and application in a way that promotes the desired results without compromising the required quality. The goals of this work are increase the welding travel speed so that the cycle times could be reduced. The starting point is to understand the initial state and conduct tests, aiming at achieving high travel speeds through the variation of welding parameters, followed by visual and macrographic analysis looking for defects and meeting specifications of the joints. Changing process from standard pulsed arc to PMC results on a 50% increase on welding travel speed which means an average 32% reduction on process time on the studied case.
Uso de cadeias de Markov para identificar atribuições em mídias digitais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Carvalho, Raquel Malheiro de; Viola, Márcio Luis Lanfredi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7797241339089177; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7237492273036557
With the advancement of digital marketing and the rise of new paid media channels for running campaigns and ads aimed at selling products, many advertisers question the use of media that do not directly lead to conversions, meaning the user does not convert through them. Therefore, statistical methods can be employed to identify the role of each media channel in conversions, considering user behavior leading up to the conversion. In this work, Markov Chains are used as a method to analyze user behavior in digital media by estimating user conversion probabilities.
Estudo da formação de fase vítrea no sistema Fe-Mo-P-C-B utilizando cálculos termodinâmicos e critério de amorfização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Martins, Droanna Rosa; Araújo, Aylanna Priscila Marques de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1742937906045551; Gargarella, Piter; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7083119190126741
Glasses with high atomic concentration of iron have been studied due to its magnetic properties, high mechanical and corrosion resistance, and low cost of the raw material. However, these materials present low glass-forming ability phase formation and low plastic deformation capability, which make them difficult to produce and with limited application. The objective of the present study is to use the the criterion (λmin + ∆ℎ) to investigate the glass-forming ability of glassy phase of the Fe-Mo-P-C-B system and associate it to the results of thermodynamics calculations to understand the formation of primary phase and liquidus temperature of alloys. The criterion of glassy phase formation (λmin + ∆ℎ) was applied to composition of alloys with a total percentage of metalloid elements from 17 to 25% at.. All the possible concurrent phases of the glassy phase were found in literature. All the binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary possibilities were considered. The alloys selected from the criterion of glassy phase formation were better investigated by using the CALPHAD method by the software Pandat. During the selection of the compositions, the minimum Fe atomic concentration considered was at 60%. The increase of the percentage of metalloids in the Fe-Mo-P-C-B system raises the capability of glassy phase formation of the alloy. From a metalloid atomic percentage of 23% the capability of formation of glassy phase doesn't change significantly. No investigated composition had a phase with ductile character as primary phase. The liquidus temperature of the alloys is lowered with the increase of the percentage of metalloids, and decreases even more to higher Fe concentration. Based in the results of the criterion used in the present study, the capability of glass phase formation, liquidus temperature, and the phases formation, three alloys from the Fe-Mo-P-C-B system presented to be promising to be experimentally investigated: Fe77Mo6P8C7.5B1.5 (17% metalloid), Fe77Mo5P9C7.5B1.5 (18% metalloid), Fe77Mo3P11C7.5B1.5 (20% metalloid).
Uso da música para alunos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo na sala de recursos multifuncionais: revisão narrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Rodrigues, Rhayane Fernandes dos Santos; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5316620076016991
This study had as its principle the bibliographic review of works related to the use of music for people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, by teachers in the multifunctional resource room. Thus, we sought to analyze the literature and discuss the narratives of what has been shown in research relevant to the subject. Of a bibliographic nature, the work was developed from the search in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), CAPES Periodicals Portal and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). Four studies were found that address the theme Autism Spectrum Disorder and music, in addition to listing the main benefits of its use, however, no research was found that related the use of music in multifunctional resource rooms. Thus, the findings show the most diverse gains in the development and behavior of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder when methodologies are implemented that use music as a form of repertoire promotion, however, the lack of research that studies the performance of professionals in multifunctional resource rooms that appropriate music in their approach and intervention. Thus, there is a need for more research in this area.
Racismo científico: o eu, o outro e o nós: práticas para o ensino de biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Pitanga, Letícia Pitelli; Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385346003046029
This Academic Work aims to propose, from the theme of Scientific Racism, the elaboration and analysis of a didactic sequence that can address racism and science as points to understand promote the teaching for Ethnic-Racial Relationships, in line with the brasilian law 10.639/2003, possibilite understand historically what are the social implications, that this violence has created and how we can overcome it through genetics, content addressed in biology education for the 2nd year of high school. As a way of structuring the didactic sequence, we will use the methodological proposal of “The Three Pedagogical Moments” considering Dialogical Learning that from it is principles, promotes learning through dialogue and social transformation, together withSuccessful Educational Actions, specifically Dialogical Reading and Interactive Groups as part of the activities proposed below.
Desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de proteção contra a instalação de módulos maliciosos no kernel Linux baseado em syscall hooks.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Colombo, Víctor Cora; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9240836918433079
Even though the Linux kernel is categorized as being monolithic, it has the capability of extending its functionalities by adding code through modules that are added during runtime. Due to its importance, Linux is a preferential target for a high number of ill-intentioned hackers seeking to perform high impact attacks targeting these computer systems. The feature of easily adding code to the kernel using modules draws the attention of these hackers, whom seek to install programs known as kernel rootkits aiming to infect the operating system. This work will propose a new way to prevent rootkits from infecting a Linux system, without the need to recompile the kernel or reboot the machine. This is done through the use of module signing and cryptographic keys. The result will be a module that, when loaded into the system, should prevent the installation of other modules that have not been signed by the real system administrator. This module and other auxiliary tools will help to sign and verify them when the installation is performed.
Sensibilidade de plantas cultivadas ao dicamba e 2,4-D aplicados em doses comerciais e subdoses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Boteon, Beatriz Fogolari; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9596339813627049
The development of crops resistant to dicamba and 2,4-D may reflect the intensive use of these herbicides in agricultural areas, including close to susceptible species. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of bean, peanut and cotton crops to different doses of dicamba and 2,4-D. The experiments were isolated and conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 2 x 8 +1 factorial, with two herbicides, 8 doses and a control without application. Bean, cotton and peanut plants were submitted to different doses of 2,4-D with 670 (commercial dose); 335; 167.5; 83.75; 41.87; 20.93; 10.46 and 5.23 g a.i. ha-1 and dicamba at doses 560 (commercial dose); 280 ;140; 70; 35 ;17.5; 8.75 and 4.37 g a.i. ha-1 when they had the second pair of true leaves. Phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 5, 10 and 15 days after application (DDA). At 15 DAA, the leaf area of the plants was evaluated and the dry biomass of the aerial part was removed. In the cotton crop applied with 2,4-D up to the dose of 83.75 g a.i. ha-1 showed 80%, from 20.93 g a.i. ha-1, it did not present phytotoxicity. For the bean crop sprayed with 2,4-D, doses of 670 and 335 g a.i. ha-1 caused the highest levels of injury (up to 95%). From the dose of 167.5 g a.i. ha-1 they also caused injuries, even at the lowest dose of 5.23 g a.i. ha-1 . Plants sprayed with dicamba caused plant death at doses 560; 280; 140; 70; 35 g a.i. ha-1 , and even at the lowest doses (17.5; 8.75 and 4.37 g a.i. ha-1 ) showed 80% to 70% phytotoxicity, respectively. In peanut, the dose of 670 g a.i. ha-1 of 2,4-D showed 60% phytotoxicity, being the highest. The doses of 20.93; 10.46 and 5.23 g a.i. ha-1 did not show any phytotoxicity. Peanut plants sprayed with dicamba showed up to 70% at the dose of 70 g a.i. ha1 . Only the dose of 4.37 g a.i. ha-1 did not present any injury. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of these herbicides when applied close to the crops, because in sub-doses toxic effects were verified in the plants.
Embalagens antioxidantes como impulsionadoras da intenção de compra de produtos alimentícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Silva Júnior, Hélio Álvaro Pires da; Otoni, Caio Gomide; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9403804691367376
Knowing that, among other factors, the packaging exerts great influence on the intention to purchase food products, this study investigated whether the antioxidant active packaging can be determinant in the consumer's decision to purchase the product or not. Qualitative research was carried out, by means of a free-access form, disseminated in social networks and by e-mail, to map the consumer behavior in relation to the consumption of products packaged in antioxidant systems. It was found that, of the 141 responses obtained, 55 consumers (39% of the sample population) have individual monthly income between one and two minimum wages, and only 21.3% of the respondents were aware of the antioxidant packaging. Thus, it was evident that the factor of price increase in food products with this technology was the main deterrent in the purchase decision, however, the little knowledge of the population about antioxidant packaging and its functions also made it difficult to consider buying food products packaged with antioxidant technology.
Observações atípicas em alta dimensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Hisatugu, Matheus Toshio; Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0565444239927400
Outliers and heteroskedastic noise are two common situations in Statistics. Nowadays the amount of generated data is very high and for this reason it is possible to find high dimensional data (the dimension d is just as large or larger than the number of observations n). Furthermore, it is possible that the data have heteroskedastic noise, which means that the noise variance can be different entrywise. Principal component analysis is a technique that aims to create a subspace with lower dimension than the original space. The technique is used in different areas such as Statistics, Econometrics, Machine Learning and Applied Mathematics. Choi and Marron (2019) introduced a new notion of high dimensional outliers that embraces other types and also investigates the behaviour of these outliers in the subspace created by the principal components analysis. Most of the techniques used in this context are based on the assumption of homoskedastic noise. However, as mentioned before, it is known that this is not always the case. Therefore, Zhang, Cai and Wu (2022) proposed a new method called HeteroPCA, which main objective is to remove the bias of the main diagonal of the sample covariance matrix due to heteroskedasticity. In this work, the main objective is to combine the method proposed by Zhang, Cai and Wu (2022) and the methodology proposed by Choi and Marron (2019) to find a subspace capable of identifying the presence of outliers when heteroskedasticity noise is present.
Quimiometria aplicada à análise de embalagens plásticas na indústria alimentícia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Almeida, Heloísa Nascimento de; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863627506038561
Most of the packaging used in the food sector is produced in plastic materials that can be flexible or rigid. Rigid packaging such as high-density polyethylene is highlighted because they keep their shape independent of the characteristics of the stored product, however, under certain conditions, they are susceptible to deformation during storage, transport, and stacking. Therefore, in order to evaluate a possible decrease in the weight of the packaging aiming at productivity aspects, chemometric tools were used to understand how the storage temperature and the weight of the packaging affect in the resistance to compression and deformation. With the application of statistical tools such as Pearson coefficient, variance analysis and Tukey test it was possible to verify that the temperature and the weight of the packaging influence the mean of resistance, however only weight is a statistically significant factor for the mean of deformation.
Estudo do efeito de aditivos a base de zinco para a sinterização a frio do óxido de zinco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-15) Toledo, André Sanchez de; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839; Muche, Dereck Nills Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6542991023278848
Atualmente, o processamento e obtenção de um óxido cerâmico denso e funcional são extremamente custosos para as indústrias deste ramo, envolvendo o dispêndio de uma enorme quantidade de energia para sinterizá-los, e necessitando do aquecimento das matérias-primas a temperaturas superiores a 1000-1500 ºC. Neste contexto, surgiu em 2016 uma nova técnica de sinterização de ultra-baixa energia (< 350ºC) chamada Sinterização a frio, que entre outras vantagens, reduz o custo energético de processamento de óxidos, permite uma maior integração entre diferentes materiais inorgânicos e facilita o controle microestrutural do pó sinterizado. Da literatura, podemos listar algumas das vantagens desta técnica em comparação aos processos convencionais de sinterização: i. Por meio de uma análise tecno-econômica dos processos de sinterização utilizados atualmente, Ibn-Mohammed et.al [20] concluiu que a técnica de sinterização à frio apresenta alto potencial econômico e competitividade devido ao baixo investimento envolvido. Pereira da Silva et.al [21] reforçou que a sinterização à frio, em comparação à técnicas como a Sinterização por faísca de plasma e a Sinterização convencional apresentou redução de 40 e 50% de energia respectivamente; ii. Integração entre diferentes materiais inorgânicos: Composições que exibem janelas de densificação limitadas podem ser co-sinterizado em um único monólito [2]; iii. Integração entre diversos tamanhos de grão e estruturas: Microestruturas que pode apresentar macro-, micro-, e nano-grãos podem ser preparados em uma única etapa [2]; iv. Compósitos orgânicos e inorgânicos podem ser preparados em um processo de uma única etapa. As temperaturas extremamente baixas são compatíveis com diversos polímeros [2]; v. Oportunidade de explorar os mecanismos e princípios da técnica, desenvolvimento conhecimento científico e de engenharia para moldar uma nova infraestrutura de produção/síntese de materiais [2].