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Avaliação do desgaste de massa de tamponamento via simulação termodinâmica e comparação com ensaio de corrosão dinâmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Pinto, Victoria da Silva; Luz, Ana Paula da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374
The opening and closing of the tap hole during the production of pig iron in steel-making industries is crucial for the proper operation of the blast furnace and high production in the steel industry. The tap hole clay is the material used for this purpose and it acts : (i) closing the hole after the removal of liquids from the furnace, (ii) allowing the opening of the equipment, when it is necessary to drain the liquids again, and (iii) lining the inside of the blast furnace to protect the crucible. The hot face of this refractory mass has contact with slag and pig iron at temperatures above 1200°C, where the chemical composition of these liquids can lead to interactions that corrode/wear the ceramic, leaving the crucible wall exposed, which is one of the regions of the blast furnace that must be preserved due to its difficult maintenance. In this context, the understanding of the interactions that lead to the wear of the refractory mass is of great importance so that new formulations can be made. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze and compare the behavior of a reference tap hole clay with others that contain the addition of MgO, TiO2 or Fe2O3 (in similar amounts) when in contact with a blast furnace slag. In this sense, thermodynamic simulations were performed via FactSage and corrosion tests were carried out in the laboratory, as the former considers that thermodynamic equilibrium was reached, and in practice, the contact of the material with the liquid is made for only a few hours, and this period may not be enough for all possible reactions to take place. Based on the studied compositions, the addition of TiO2 or Fe2O3 to the formulation resulted in similar behavior when compared to the reference composition, in both cases, the simulation and corrosion tests. On the other hand, the MgO incorporation to the mixture led to a greater number of calculation steps for the refractory stabilization in the simulation, and this trend was also observed in the experimental measurements, resulting in greater wearing of this tap role clay. It was also verified that the slag composition variation in the theoretical calculations was similar to the one found in the lab tests, indicating that, despite not quantifying the extent of wearing, thermodynamic simulation is valid for comparison and selection of formulations regarding their performance when in contact with reactive slag at high temperatures.
Inferência da conectividade neuronal e o modelo de Galves e Löcherbach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Schiavone, Vitor Gomes; Pena, Rodrigo Felipe de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663640683388672; Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6966131683145159
One of the most important issues in neuroscience is to understand the dynamics of animal behavior, that is, the joint action of large numbers of neurons, body parts, and the environment. The relationship between this behavior and the way that neurons interact with each other is a challenging question, since real experiments only have access to a small part of the neural system. Alternatively, generic mathematical models are considered to describe this phenomenon. In this work, the activity of each neuron is represented by a discrete-time stochastic process, whose random variables indicate whether or not there was a neuronal spike at a given instant of time. For each neuron, the probability of observing a neuronal spike at a given instant of time depends on the evolution of presynaptic neurons since their last spiking time. We use the Galves-Löcherbach model to model this spike probability. When a neuron spikes, its membrane potential is reset to its resting potential and electrical signals are generated, modifying the membrane potential of all postsynaptic neurons. The relationship between a neuron and its presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons defines a weighted oriented graph. The objective of this work is studying, from a computation point of view, the performance of the estimation process of the connectivity graph from the observation of the neuronal activity of a finite set of neurons over a limited time interval, considering the Galves-Löcherbach model as underlying model.
Programação de um módulo de business intelligence no Block-Based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Pacheco, João Victor; Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0750828452697511
With the modernization of technologies and the activities of the society, the decision-making process starts to depend on the analysis of increasingly larger data sets. The increase in the use of the internet, the emergence of the Internet of Things and the popularization of Big Data, affect in a expressive way, the increase in the generation of high volumes of data with greater variety at high speed.This lead the demand for more complex tools that allow companies to become more Data Driven, which means to have their processes, decision-making and strategic planning based on data. In this context Business Intelligence tools emerged, being able to organize and delivery well-structured ways to manipulate, analyse and visualize those data. The Block-based Integrated Platform for Embedded Systems (BIPES) is a platform that allows the no-code development for embedded systems, empowering users to develop solutions using programming blocks. Most solutions developed using BIPES are related to sensor data collection, and so far, the platform offer tools for real-time analysis of the data, however it does not offer a way to analyze large volumes of historical data. BIPES users, in a visual and easy way, cannot extract insights and make decisions that impact all the scope of the project. Thus, this present work proposes to develop, using BI tools, a module capable of assisting in the analysis of sensor data and the decision-making processs, which can be integrated with the BIPES. For this purpose , a dashboard was developed using the Tableau Desktop tool, capable of present the historical behavior and forecasting, device performance ranking, nonconformity alert, behavior throughout the day, outilers presence, and indicators of daily average and total results.
Preparação de amostras sólidas empregando via úmida para determinações utilizando ICP OES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Gregori, Rafaela; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
The present work aimed to evaluate the preparation of solid samples via wet in an open system with the aid of mineral acids for the quantification of metals in soils using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. In recent times, the disposal of solid waste, through industrial, agricultural, sewage irrigation, mining, etc., has been a serious problem for humanity due to soil contamination with contaminating elements, mercury, sulfur, silicon, cadmium, arsenic, rare among others. Causing damage not only to the environment, but also to human beings through the contamination of these metals. Thus, the preparation of samples of these soils is very important for the quantification of these metals present in the soils.
Academias ao ar livre: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Donadoni, Vitor Monti Carmelo; Oliveira, Maria Carolina Derencio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8887606484271737; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-7412; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838
Introduction: Outdoor Gyms (OG) were developed for local public squares and parks, with the aim of giving the population access to the practice of physical activity focused on health and well-being. As it is implementation has been disseminated throughout the world year after year, this study sought to understand, based on various academic productions, what is already known about the users to this space, how the equipments are used, whether there is professional guidance on site, among other investigations explored in the OG. Objective: To gather academic research associated with OG, developed both in Brazil and in other countries, in order to systematically expose and compare the information present in the literature. Methods: The selection of studies was carried out in six databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo), with no fixed initial period until May 2022, using the research term: outdoor gym AND health gym AND physical education. Subsequently, the studies that met the previously established inclusion criteria were maintained. Results: In the end, 17 studies were included and allocated according to their similarities, resulting in the construction of the following categories: users profile; location effectiveness; physical activity level; systematic reviews. The following isolated categories also emerged: teaching strategies; professional performance; equipments use; physical structure. Conclusion: Literature analyzes indicate that there is still no characteristic users profile of OG, but that the low-income population is the one that most uses the equipments. It is necessary that there are Physical Education professionals in the OG, so that this population can receive adequate guidance, perform physical activities reaching satisfactory levels and feel more encouraged to adhere to their practices in the OG.
Chlorella sorokiniana como biofábrica para produção de luteína uma revisão a partir da engenharia metabólica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Batista, Bruno; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0969799166842688
Lutein is a carotenoid of industrial interest because it has application in the food and pharmaceutical industry, with benefits for human health. Currently its production takes place through marigold flowers, which uses a large area for planting and high consumption of water resources. The production of high-value-added molecules by microorganisms has received increasing attention. Microalgae are one of the main organisms to be explored due to their ability to grow autotrophically. In addition, compared to terrestrial vegetables, they would take up less space and are not subject to seasonality, ensuring constant production throughout the year. Lutein is produced by different microalgae, with Chlorella sorokiniana being a species capable of accumulating large amounts of this compound, in addition to having rapid growth. This makes it a potential target for industrial production of lutein. There are many studies in the literature aimed at increasing the concentration of lutein in C. sorokiniana by inducing stress in cultivation or even by generating random mutations in its genome. Genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering are techniques that have also received attention with a focus on generating a lutein-producing strain. This study aimed to search the literature for new synthetic biology and metabolic engineering tools applied to Chlorella sorokiniana in order to improve the efficiency of lutein production metabolism.
Fazendo história: Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis III da cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Moura, Beatriz Rocha; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3204971784599545
Public policies on children's and youth mental health were consolidated late in the Brazilian public health scenario, starting their construction only in 2002, with the creation of the Children and Youth Psychosocial Care Centers III (CAPSij). Despite the advances made in the last two decades, it is verified that attention to the crisis of children and adolescents is briefly addressed in the guiding documents of the Ministry of Health, evidencing a gap in the Psychosocial Care Network for this population. CAPSij III, with 24-hour operation, has been presented as a powerful equipment for this care, and despite not being provided in the ministerial ordinances, the city of São Paulo has invested in the implementation of these services. The research aimed to rescue the history of implementation of CAPSij III in the city of São Paulo and to understand the function of these tools in the attention to the crisis of children and adolescents at the RAPS from São Paulo. It is a qualitative research that utilizes the Triangulation of Methods and is composed of two studies. In the study 1, the Hybrid Oral History method was used and had the participation of nine components of the Technical Area of Mental Health of the Municipal Health Department of São Paulo and one of the first managers of the first CAPSij III. The study 2 is a survey, exploratory and descriptive study, with the participation of six CAPSij III managers from the city of São Paulo. For both studies, the data analysis method used was Content Analysis. The results of the study 1 reveal that the first CAPSij III was conceived by components of the Technical Area who believe in the construction of this equipment as a substitute for the hospitalization of children and adolescents, enabling the provision of comprehensive and territorial care. After this first experience, the expansion of CAPSij III was proposed, with the implementation of one CAPSij III per Regional Health Coordination. This study also revealed that the decision and involvement of the manager with the Psychiatric Reform, the presence of democratic-participatory governments, the closing of agreements with Psychiatric Hospitals, together with the investment in CAPSij III were key points for a process of transformation in crisis care to be effective. The study 2, on the other hand, presents as results a characterization of the current CAPSij III in the city of São Paulo, it explains how the process of integral reception in the services takes place, the access flow, the work dynamics, the care strategies and the sharing of cases with CAPSij II, revealing the potential and difficulties experienced by CAPSij III in the attention to the crisis of children and adolescents. Also, some important points are listed for the implementation of good practices in CAPSij III, such as psychosocial understanding of the crisis, the presence of multi-team professionals at night and on weekends, the protagonism and participation of users and family members throughout the care process, construction of care effectively shared between CAPSij II and CAPSij III and investment in collective spaces such as meetings and clinical-institutional supervision for all team professionals. Through the analysis of the results of both studies, the complexities present in the care of this population were also highlighted, such as the hospitalization of children and adolescents, the use of restraint in CAPSij III, the difficulties experienced with the network and the judicialization of cases. It is expected that this research might contribute to the advancement of the field, inspire and support the implementation of more CAPSij III throughout Brazil, offering support for the construction of public policies consistent with the needs of children and adolescents in psychological distress, in addition to address important issues to future studies.
Relação de sintomas musculoesqueléticos e intensidade da prática musical entre músicos durante a pandemia de COVID 19: um estudo descritivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Ferreira, Jenyffer Rodrigues; Carrer, Helen Cristina Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985037319198420; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372130647876219
Introduction: From the moment the COVID-19 disease took hold in the world, safety and prevention measures were taken, such as the use of a mask and physical distancing. These measures generated important changes in the routine of the population, including professional and amateur musicians. Objective: This descriptive questionnaire study was designed to: 1) investigate whether the pandemic has affected musical practice among musicians; 2) investigate whether the musicians remained motivated in their new routine; 3) identify the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the past; and 4) analyze whether musculoskeletal symptoms decreased, maintained or increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 89 musicians participated in an online survey from August 2020 to January 2021. The survey form included questions about motivation, frequency of musical practice, presence and characterization of musculoskeletal symptoms (Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire). Musicians were asked to consider the periods before and during the pandemic to answer questions. Results: During the pandemic, the frequency of musical practice decreased (P<0.01), which may be associated with the individuals' perception of motivation. Musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months were reported by 58%. When comparing the period before the pandemic with the present, 35.3% of musicians reported that their musculoskeletal symptoms had not changed, while 33.3% reported that they had increased. Wrists and hands, lower and upper back, shoulders and neck were the body sites with the most frequent complaints among the volunteers. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the musical practice of the musicians evaluated in this study. There was a significant decrease in practice time. Musculoskeletal symptoms were present in this population before the pandemic and these symptoms were mostly maintained or exacerbated.
Análise da energia envolvida na conformação mecânica por forjamento a quente de um aço médio carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Euzébio, Giovanni Bruno Mateucci; Coury, Francisco Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
This work was conceived with the aim of carrying out a practical activity that could be adapted to the Mechanical Conformation discipline to be taught in the coming semesters by the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of São Carlos. Thus, the project's principle is to perform the mechanical forming by hot forging of a steel, unknown at first, but which was later characterized by means of XRF and optical microscopy techniques as a SAE 4340 steel, in the form of a bottle (Hoffman Bottle Opener), in order to analyze the metallographic change of the samples used during forming and mainly to estimate the total energy used during the forming procedure, encompassing the thermal energy used to heat the steel and the energy applied to plastically deform the material, which includes the impact energy transferred by each hammer during the forging, in order to compare and analyze the energy contribution of each one in the forging of the same. So, it is possible to say that the practice can be implemented in the following subjects to be taught, provided that some adjustments are made in the practice to make it more efficient and if the teachers notice the pedagogical feasibility of this teaching method, since the concepts exposed in the discipline are widely used during the execution of forging.
Estimação paramétrica do modelo de mistura padrão com fragilidade aditiva gama: aplicação a dados de câncer de mama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Paula, Natalia Tomazella de; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
Breast cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the breast, which multiply rapidly, aggressively and uncontrollably. This disease affects women all over the world, both in developed and underdeveloped countries, and can also affect men, which is an extremely rare situation. There are several treatments for its cure, which may vary according to the stage of the disease, and, when diagnosed early, it has a high cure rate. Cure rate models have been extensively studied to analyze time-to-event data with the presence of a cure fraction of patients. In this context, the objective of this work is to incorporate frailty, the degree of heterogeneity induced by unobservable risk factors, in the cure rate model, to describe this type of data. The proposed model is an extension of Aalen's additive model (Aalen, 1980b) and incorporates two portions of the population, non-susceptible and susceptible individuals to the event of interest. An advantage of the proposed model is the possibility of jointly considering the heterogeneity between patients due to their frailties and the presence of a cured fraction of them. In addition, covariates that influence the survival function and the proportion of cured in the population will be considered. Some properties of these models will be discussed, as well as adequate estimation methods. The proposed methodology will be applied to a set of breast cancer data from studies carried out at Hospital A.C.Camargo Cancer Center - São Paulo, Brazil
Estudo experimental e por meio de simulação computacional do tratamento térmico de têmpera para o aço inoxidável X22CrMoV12-1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Puosso, Fernanda Cunha; Sussai, William Rogerio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1671152050911139; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6450419418208664
The development of stainless steels was one of the main technological advances within the metallurgical sector, once those materials can be used under the most diverse applications with different combinations of mechanical properties and high oxidation and electrochemical corrosion resistance. Within this context, martensitic stainless steels can be highlighted due to its capability of going through martensitic hardening during quenching, enabling the attainment of high levels of strength and performance under elevated temperatures, especially when its chemical composition is engineered. Therefore, martensitic stainless steels with additions of Mo and V, such as X22CrMoV12-1, show prominence in virtue of its high hot resistance and satisfactory corrosion resistance for application under aggressive conditions, as is the case of components for steam turbines. Its properties, however, are directly connected to the quenching and tempering process. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate through experimental analysis and computational simulation the effects of the geometry, dimension, time and temperature of the austenitization stage upon the microstructure, grain size and hardness of the material, in order to provide understanding of how those factors can be controlled to guarantee processing improvement and suitability. To fulfill this goal, analyses were conducted under different austenitization temperatures (980 ºC to 1020 ºC) and times (0,5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h), and both cases demonstrated directly proportional tendencies between temperature, time and grain size, while the hardness showed a peak value followed by a decrease (which happened for austenitization at 1020 ºC on the first case, and for times superior to 2h, on the second analysis). Additionally, aiming possibility of grain refinement, a thermal treatment of normalizing was added preceding the process of quenching, and the combination resulted in the highest value of hardness (299 HBW) and significant grain refinement (ASTM 4, when quenched and tempered, and ASTM 5 with the addition of the normalizing stage). Lastly, computational simulations were carried out considering bars of different transversal sections (rectangular and round) and dimension, enabling the study of the minimum time needed for the austenitization process. Therefore, the held discussion over processing parameters allowed basis to the refinement of the thermal treatment of the studied martensitic stainless steel, aiming the achievement of desired properties for different applications and requirements.
A paixão do acesso: uma etnografia das ferramentas digitais e da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Munhoz, Sara Regina; Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7134597984469299
This thesis is dedicated to optical mechanisms that enable the enunciation of Brazilian jurisprudence. To effectively occupy its authority position, the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (SCJ) needs, on one hand, to remove from its visualization field the excesses and minutiae of what occurs in the “factual world”, focusing exclusively on legal arguments. To that end, the Court erects barriers to control the entry of numerous processes, but those cancels simultaneously add complexity to assessing several other factors, such as affection and intention when family case laws are at play. On the other hand, it is also pivotal that the legal arguments sustained by the SCJ are adequately disclosed to guarantee persuasive, expandable, and replicable statements. Ministers’ interpretation regarding what determines the law, once enacted, should settle as an order capable of transiting within the entire national justice system, avoiding that similar conflicts disturb ministers in further decision- making. By examining a heterogenous cluster of SCJ technical-administrative files, this thesis describes how analysts and computers, far from the ministers’ offices, take charge of comparing and compartmentalizing sentences, generating hyperlinks, and producing Mirrors and Products that are available as jurisprudence to users (i.e., the ministers themselves, lawyers, or citizens) through a digital searching engine. Enabling access to SCJ understanding is a guarantee of accessible, safe, and democratic justice. Therefore, by focusing on bureaucratic circuits and digital syntheses subsequent to the judgments of one of the most important Brazilian courts, this thesis expands the already consolidated outreach of a bibliography dedicated to the technical production of law, including its current and thorough interconnection with information technology, without which the SCJ can no longer judge.
Aplicação de filmes de amido termoplástico (TPS) como substrato de liberação controlada de fertilizantes NPK
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Franco, Rafael Augusto; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7506955060907326
The plasticization of starch makes it possible to obtain thermoplastic starch (Thermo Plastic Starch - TPS), a multifunctional bioplastic with high biodegradability. TPS can be added to fertilizers, such as those based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), which when applied in controlled release devices allows for a slower release of the fertilizer, and consequently a lower loss by leaching, among other processes. For the present work, thermoplastic starch films were developed with NPK fertilizers in their composition, using the casting method. Soil leaching and controlled release of fertilizer into water from the films were monitored using UV-vis Spectrophotometry and Flame Photometry techniques. The releases do not occur at a constant rate, however, it was possible to prove their efficiency in releasing these ions in a controlled manner. The films were also characterized by contact angle and by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique, before and after undergoing accelerated degradation, using the photodegradation technique. In this last analysis, it was possible to notice that the addition of fertilizers to the film reduces their moisture loss through evaporation. After three months of analysis, samples with approximately 1 cm in diameter were completely biodegraded in soil. Despite not maintaining a constant rate of release, NPK was released into water within one hour, indicating the success of the starch films in releasing the fertilizer.
Estudo da diversidade de Hymenoptera parasitoides como fator de integração da universidade com a educação básica em São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Victorino Ibelli, Bárbara; Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2362808138119998
More than half of all invertebrates described are insects, and among these, Hymenoptera appears with about 10,500 species in Brazil. The great diversity of this order shows that its individuals have important functions, such as pollination and population control, factors of relevance in the ecological relationships of these animals. Parasitoids can be used as indicators of the degree of preservation, of anthropogenic actions, and also in studies to estimate the richness of species found in certain regions. The Ichneumonoidea superfamily includes 27% of the known Neotropical Hymenoptera genera, however, it appears to be the least known superfamily in the tropics among other parasitoid wasps. Urban ecosystems are expanding and urbanization is a major driver of biodiversity loss. There are few surveys of the fauna of parasitoid wasps, especially of the Ichneumonoidea in urban areas. Environmental education can be a transformative tool to raise awareness in society about the evils that affect the environment. In this sense, the involvement of basic education schools in the awareness and real identification of environmental problems by basic education students, gives them the opportunity to very early, sensitized, contribute to a critical and emancipatory environmental awareness. This study aimed to survey the diversity of the fauna of parasitoid insects in an urban area of the city of São Carlos, SP; using the school environment and the school-university approach as a collection area through the “Junior Scientific Initiation” tool. For this, eight schools in the urban perimeter of the city of São Carlos, SP, were used, in which Malaise traps were inserted to collect Hymenoptera parasitoids. The results made it possible to bring information about the ecological importance of Hymenoptera parasitoids to the school community, demonstrating the importance of participation in Junior Scientific Initiation within the research. In the faunal survey of Ichneumonoidea in an urban area, there were the first citations in Brazil for Lissonota pseudeleboea Ugalde & Gauld, 2002 and Syzeuctus sp. close to S. vedoris Ugalde & Gauld, 2002 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae) and a new species of Zonopimpla Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). The direct contact of the university with the school environment allowed an approach with positive results, opening new possibilities for future partnerships.
Multiplicidade de padrões voluntários de sustentabilidade na indústria mundial de cacau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Paes, João Pedro Baptista Viegas de Oliveira; Faria, Rosane Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1172221536399083
To address economic and social problems in the production of agricultural commodities around the world, sustainability standards have emerged establishing objective criteria in order to make the production in general more sustainable, even fostering international trade through the standardization of commodity production. However, the rapid proliferation of voluntary sustainability standards has created problems for producers who seek to comply with the requirements, since for each sustainability standard there are different criteria to be observed, generating adequacy and compliance costs, and consequently affecting trade. The work analyzes eight different standards for the cocoa industry: Rainforest Alliance - 2020 (RA); Echar PA'LANTE - Colcocoa (EPC); ARSO Sustainable Cocoa (ARSO); Cocoa Horizons - Barry Callebaut (CHBC); IFOAM Standard (IFOAM); Fairtrade International - Small Producers Organizations (FI - SPO); Fairtrade International - Small Producers Organizations - Cocoa (FI-SPOC); Fairtrade International Trader (FIT). Using a theoretical model, the relationships between standards and how these relationships affect trade were analyzed. Through the Standard Overlap Index (SOI) and the Heterogeneity Index of Standards (HIS), it was possible to observe that the standards present low levels of competition, possibly implying lower transaction costs for compliance and a heterogeneous distribution of overlap levels, with emphasis on two key standards with high overlap levels in relation to the others: RA and FI - SPOC. This means that producers who are compliant with these two standards have an easier time conforming to the others, since requirements overlap to a greater extent. The opposite is not true for just under half of the standards, which have low overlap levels and would imply higher compliance costs for producers wanting to comply with RA and FI - SPOC. Finally, the cocoa market suffers from the effect of the multiplicity of standards and producers incur transaction costs, especially to comply with standards with more requirements.
Impacto da despoluição dos rios Tietê e Pinheiros na mobilidade urbana da cidade de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) David, Felipe Laranjeira; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4119899489836423
The present work relates two of the main problems caused by the urbanization process of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP): urban mobility and the water resources pollution of two of its main rivers – Tietê and Pinheiros. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand how the daily life of São Paulo is affected by the problems of urban mobility, as well as to analyze the policies of depollution of the rivers in the region and other places around the world. In this way, this project analyzes, through the relationship between case studies and the reality of São Paulo, how the recovery of water resources can have a positive impact on urban mobility in the RMSP, to reduce the intense traffic on its main roads. Then, an action plan was drawn up based on the construction of ports and river transport routes through urban rivers that would replace part of the flow on the most heavily loaded roads. Furthermore, the plan considered several aspects such as the analysis of the characteristics of the rivers, the type of boat to be used, the routes to be traced, the materials to be transported, where the ports would be installed, considering the location of the main routes of the RMSP to facilitate the interchange between modals. Thus, it was possible to determine a connected system of river channels within the city of São Paulo connecting the main avenues for cargo transportation. It should be noted that the work in question suggests only one possibility to change the panorama of urban mobility in São Paulo and that it still needs financial, logistical and structural feasibility studies so that it is implemented, after all, there are still few studies in the literature that explore this theme.
Proposta de banco de dados a partir do mapeamento da estrutura logística da região metropolitana de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Zabotto, Bianca Caroline Nascimento; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
The present work has as its objective the implementation of a database, with the purpose of making available a tool for the stakeholders, involved in urban logistics, to analyze the factors that affect cargo transportation. Considering the growing development of urban centers, it is possible to highlight five important factors that directly affect logistics operations, namely: regulatory measures; logistics problems; collaboration in the delivery of goods; environmental aspects; and risks. Different stakeholders act in different ways in urban logistics in large cities, where communication and interaction in the processes converge to results that are more efficient. The database implementation is divided into four stages: requirements analysis, which synthesizes the main information that will direct the database structure; the conceptual model, where the Entity-Relationship Diagram is implemented; the logical model, which is the definition of the database in a database management system; and finally, the physical model, where we explore the database through queries and reports. The database was developed for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, with the intention of facilitating the understanding of all involved when it comes to logistics operations.
Isolamento e caracterização de vB_XciM_LucasX, um novo bacteriófago lítico de Xanthomonas citri e Xanthomonas fuscans
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Monteiro, Vinícius Marquioni; Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7322282884244635
Citrus canker, which is caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri and Xanthomonas fuscans, is one of the main diseases that affect the citrus industry in Brazil. Disease control methods are available, but new methods are necessary. A possible way to combat citrus canker is biocontrol using bacteriophages, also called phages, which are viruses that infect bacteria and which have been proposed as an alternative to the use of other antibacterial methods for agriculture and human health. The objectives of this doctoral project were the isolation, sequencing and characterization of one or more phages capable of infecting Xanthomonas citri, as well as to assess their potential for biocontrol of citrus canker. From a soil sample collected in a citrus grove affected by citrus canker, we could isolate a phage capable of infecting X. citri, strain 306, also known as Xac 306. The phage has a 305,651-bp, dsDNA genome, with a GC content of 54.92% and three hundred ninety-four ORFs, for one hundred eighty-one of which it was possible to assign functions while two hundred and thirteen remained as hypothetical. Phylogenetic and microscopy analysis allowed the classification of the phage in the Myoviridae family and it was named vB_XciM_LucasX. LucasX infected twenty-one of the twenty-three strains of X. citri and X. fuscans against which it was tested. A pangenomic analysis with the strains whose genome is available indicated that a 40-kbp region is present in all susceptible strains, but absent in the resistant strain, and which must contain genes essential for phage infection. LucasX can be propagated in NB medium but not in LB medium, probably because it is not tolerant to NaCl. LucasX is stable up to 45oC, has a latent period of 90 min and a burst size of 40 PFU/infected cell, its optimal pH is 7 and it can be inactivated with 40% ethanol or by being exposed to UV light from a germicidal lamp. The phage yield in liquid medium was studied in three strains of Xanthomonas sp. and it was one order of magnitude higher in one of them relative to the strain used for isolation. Finally, an experiment with citrus trees kept in a greenhouse showed that LucasX is able to reduce the number of lesions caused by Xac 306 by up to 89%%, a reduction similar to that of a commercial bactericide used as a control, thus indicating its potential as a biocontrol agent for citrus canker.
Ser estudante e ser mãe na universidade: condições institucionais de permanência na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Carlino, Gabriela Aparecida; Almeida, Luana Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4647168712265513; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0511273661959937
Contextualized in the debate about the place that women occupy in society, its specificities, and possibilities within a structurally patriarchal organization, this study reflects on one of these specificities in contemporary society: being a mother and being able to continue studying. To this end, a qualitative survey was conducted to analyze the delimitations of the assistance provided by the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) to student-mothers enrolled in its undergraduate courses. This study presents the results of a search that sought to identify, in the documents of the Dean’s Office for Community and Student Affairs (PROACE), assistance actions aimed at student-mothers, and analyzes, from the typology used by Figueiredo (2019), how the university has welcomed these students in the dimensions of material and symbolic permanence and support network. In the context of few works addressing the experience of student-mothers in Higher Education, this study seeks to unveil outlines that are often invisible in institutional debates. The results revealed the non-place of these women in Higher Education, and that there are few assistance actions directed to them, with the existing ones intersected by a socioeconomic approach that includes only the poorest student- mothers.
Avaliação estrutural da liga AlSi7MgMn fundida utilizando cavacos de usinagem briquetados como matéria-prima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-09-16) Mazza, Guilherme de Paula; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
This course completion work (TCC) aims to evaluate the microstructure of an ingot of AlSi7MgMn (or A356) alloy by casting in permanent mold and graphite mold from compacted and centrifuged chip briquettes of this alloy. With this, to evaluate the metallurgical quality of the material produced by melting and to assess the quality of this raw material for the foundry industry. The conception of this work arose from the professional internship carried out at company X, which performs the briquetting of residual chips, from a machining and aluminum line, in order to increase the added value of the scrap. However, the chips are impregnated with soluble oil, of mineral origin, during the process. In this sense, the objective of the work was to investigate the possible contamination of organic material and Iron in the recycled casting through microstructural analysis of ingots fused using only the briquetted chips as raw material. Thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques of the remelted and contaminated material were used for this analysis. It was observed, that both the ingots, cast in permanent steel and graphite molds, showed high porosity. A large amount of dark smoke was released during melting of the briquettes, indicating that the high porosity is due to the hydrogen porosity phenomenon caused by the presence of mainly impregnated organic material. In addition, the presence of intermetallics of the type α- Al(Fe,Mn)Si and β-AlFeSi suggest Iron contamination during the industrial process of company X. Thus, the research conducted suggests that the briquettes should be thermally pretreated, in order to pyrolyze all existing hydrocarbons, before being sold as scrap. In addition, it is extremely important to use dry, moisture-free casting equipment, reducing the porosity caused by hydrogen as much as possible. Regarding Fe contamination, it was not possible to determine the final composition of the casting, but the Mn content of the alloy was not sufficient to suppress the complete formation of the β-AlFeSi phase, which was formed in a small amount and which can be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the alloy.