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Electromagnetically induced transparency under effects of light-mediated interactions, entanglement generation, and Fock states detection
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-25)
Oliveira, Murilo Henrique de
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635532484317309
This thesis presents a brief compilation of the works developed during my doctorate, and can be divided basically into three main parts. In the first one, we show the changes caused by considering long-range interactions mediated by light in the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also show how these interactions can negatively impact population transfer through a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) process, which may imply a technical limitation for EIT-based quantum memories, as the density and optical thickness of the samples have been increasing in recent experiments to obtain better efficiencies. In the second part, we propose two new schemes to generate highly entangled states in a system of two non-degenerate qubits coupled to a common bosonic mode, in both of which we use an EIT analogue to better understand and interpret the physics of the system. The first method relies on the injection of energy into the mode through a coherent pump to prevent the mode from decaying to vacuum, and under a certain parameter regime, we show that it is possible to obtain a maximally entangled steady state. In the second method, we transfer the population to the maximally entangled state through a STIRAP-like process. In the third and last part, we present a new idea for single-shot measurements of Fock states using the Autler-Townes effect, where two methods are proposed: both a destructive and a non-destructive one. The results presented were obtained from the experimental implementation of this scheme in a system of trapped ions, for measurements of phonon number states.
O teletrabalho docente na cultura digital e o direito à desconexão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-25)
Oliveira, Ricardo Nascimento de
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7117414340148663
This research aims to investigate the consequences of teaching telework in the context of digital culture in the light of changes in the Brazilian labor legislation. The intensive use of digital technologies and mobile telecommunication devices has changed life in society, with repercussions on work. This transformation particularly affected the working hours, form and place of work of professors who carry out non-face-to-face activities. Based on a bibliographical survey, on Brazilian legislation, on the Labor Code of Portugal, on Comparative Law and International Human Rights Law standards, the general objective is to analyze, in the context of teaching telework made possible by digital technologies, how are the boundaries between the teacher's professional and personal life. In pursuit of this general objective, five specific objectives were considered: to draw an overview of the transformations in the working hours of teaching teleworkers in the graphocentric digital society of the 21st century; to analyze the factual and legal contours of the phenomenon of invasion of the privacy of teaching teleworkers through work, through TDIC, as well as to observe how their periods of non-work are going (especially in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic); to analyze the repercussions of the teaching telework situation regarding the load of professional activities and the right to disconnect; to map the rights and duties of teachers, in a situation of telework, within the graphocentric digital society, with regard to the folding of time and space (ubiquity) and the working day (flexibilization, precariousness); draw a comparative profile of the regulation of teaching telework in Brazilian legislation, post-labor reform (Law 13,467, of July 13, 2017), with the Portuguese one (Labor Code), making incursions in Comparative Law and International Human Rights Law, aiming to investigate the improvements that can be made in the national legislation. With regard to methodology, a general literature review was carried out, field research was carried out, using a questionnaire (with objective and open questions) and semi-structured interviews with the participating professors, analyzing the data qualitatively and quantitatively. Documentary analysis of normative texts of International Human Rights Law was also produced, as well as comparative law, covering Brazilian, Portuguese, French, Argentinean, Chilean law. Due to telework and ubiquity, precarious rights are observed, as opposed to promises and real benefits. As a result of the work, it is recommended the inclusion of the right to disconnection in the country's legislation, the implementation of public policies to raise class awareness in favor of better working conditions for teachers, as well as the establishment of equal rights, especially in regarding the workday, between face-to-face workers and teaching teleworkers.
Análise toxicológica da nanopartícula de óxido de ferro misto (NP Fe3O4) com ligantes de sulfonato de sódio (SO3)-Na+): in vitro e in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-25)
Feitosa, Karina Alves
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1711011967064666
Known for their biocompatible potential and magnetic property, iron oxide nanoparticles are the target of several studies for different applications. However, the synthesis of new nanoparticles with different physicochemical characteristics leads to unknown biological interactions that may pose health risks to their manipulators. In this study, the mixed iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe3O4 NP) with sodium (SO3)-Na+) sulfonate ligands, of interest in the energy sector, was evaluated through nanotoxicological aspects. Initially, morphological, chemical, and physical characterization of the Fe3O4 NP was performed using SEM-FEG (High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), Zeta Potential, UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy) and ATR-FTIR (Fourier Transform Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy) techniques. For the in vitro experiments, different concentrations of Fe3O4 NP (250; 100 and 50 μg/mL) were analyzed against murine fibroblasts (LA-9) in periods of 24, 48 and 72h. Thus, its cytotoxic potential was established through analysis of mitochondrial function (MTT), morphological changes and cell internalization (Prussian Blue), production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Nitric Oxide (NO) (Griess reaction), cytokines (IL-6 and TNF), determination of cell death (flow cytometry) and analysis of clonogenic potential on the 7th day after exposure. For the in vivo experiments, mice (BALB/c) were divided into 5 experimental groups (100; 50; 25 and 10 mg/Kg of Fe3O4 NP) and were intraperitoneally exposed to 4 doses over 14 days, and the toxicity of repeated doses was evaluated. Indicative signs of toxicity, hematological parameters (overall and differential leukocyte count), liver function analyses (TGO and TGP), quantification of cytokines (IFN-ˠ; TNF; IL-6 and IL-10) and histological analysis of the organs, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidneys were evaluated. The results showed that Fe3O4 NP has a circular shape, with heterogeneous particle distribution, compacted and agglomerate formation. There was the internalization of Fe3O4 NP for all concentrations tested in vitro (250, 50 and 100 μg/mL) in a time/dependent manner. However, the increase in ROS occurred only for the 250 μg/mL concentration. Moreover, it is suggested that this same concentration triggered a senescence process in fibroblasts (LA-9), due to the low cellular metabolism and consequent reduction in colony formation within seven days. All concentrations tested during in vivo experimentation (100; 50; 25 and 10 mg/Kg) promoted damage to mouse organs, especially to the liver. There was activation of the immune system through the production of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results contribute to the knowledge about the toxicology of iron oxide nanoparticles, demonstrating the importance of analyses in longer periods after exposure. Keywords: Nanotoxicology; Inflammation; BALB/c; LA-9; Histology; Senescence.
Ensino de autocuidados para docentes em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-25)
Soares, Caroline Fernanda
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9068652218632978
This study verified the effects of online self-care intervention on the well-being of elementary school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the pre-test, the Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (ISSL), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the WHO quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-bref) were applied. The intervention consisted of a stress management workshop, with relaxation techniques and daily self-care. Post-test and follow-up involved reapplying the pre-test, immediately after the intervention and three months later, respectively. The group and individual results pointed to a reduction in stress and anxiety levels, expressing the importance of intervention studies that aim at the well-being of the teaching category, exploring various techniques and methods, and that consider the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused in the short, medium and long term.
Práticas educativas no ensino de Ciências realizadas no âmbito do PIBID: possibilidades e expectativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-26)
Rosalin, Ana Carolina
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Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
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Faria, Paulo Cezar de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174
The Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID) emerged as an initiative to improve and enhance teacher training for basic education, establishing a partnership between Higher Education Institutions and Basic Education schools in the public education network. . Currently, the program is the subject of numerous studies that seek to highlight its importance in the initial training process; however, few works deal with the importance and relevance of the practices adopted by PIBID in Basic Education, more specifically in Science Teaching. This research has the general objective of identifying, in theses and dissertations, the educational practices in Science teaching carried out within the scope of PIBID. In this sense, we seek to answer the following research questions: “What practices are prioritized by PIBID in the area of Science teaching? Where do they occur? How do they occur? The pedagogical practices adopted by PIBID, in Science teaching, mostly fit into which pedagogical models?” The present work uses a qualitative approach, where new information was produced regarding practices in the context of PIBID. It is a descriptive research, because it describes the facts and phenomena of the reality in which the educational practices in the teaching of Sciences carried out within the scope of PIBID are inserted. As for the procedures, it is a bibliographical research, using theses and dissertations as a source of data. The data obtained from reading the dissertations and theses were treated using Discursive Textual Analysis (DTA), as it allows understanding the meanings that the participants have about the aspects under study. We analyzed 16 works (13 dissertations and 3 theses) that showed the following aspects: the fulfillment of the current demands of science teaching by PIBID, in joint work with the school; the possibility for scholarship holders to follow everyday school situations and reflect on them based on discussions that emerge at the university; the possibility of continuing education by supervising professors, through activities developed by pibidians, which can provide theoretical subsidies and arouse interest on the part of supervising professors to incorporate them into their practices, in addition to the possibility of incorporating alternatives for teaching the contents proposed in the day-to-day activities of supervising professors, thus producing a positive and collaborative impact.
As Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) e o desenvolvimento da CT&I na região Norte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-26)
Santos, Josiane dos
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5492019768945326
The state funding agencies, the Research Support Foundations (FAPs, abbreviation in portuguese) are institutions of financial support for regional scientific research, collaborae with the regional scientific system and with the decentralization of resources to science, technology and innovation (ST&I). The implementation of FAPs in the North region is recent, starting in the 2000s, most of them at the end of this decade. In Amazonas and Pará, FAPs were instituted in 2003 and 2007, respectively. In the other states of the North region, between 2009 - some operating from 2013 - and 2022, the state agency funding ST&I in Roraima, the last FAP created in Brazil. The FAPs make available, among their actions, the funding programs to support regional ST&I. This research investigates how FAPs act in the region and how their funding programs encourage local scientific development. The study describes and analyses the administrative characteristics, the management models and the interests (explicit or not) of the state funding agencies of the North region, these items direct the formulation and purposes of its ST&I promotion programs. It also analyzes the characteristics and purposes of these development programs. The fostering programs analyzed refer to edicts published at three moments: in the first year of operation of each FAP; in 2015; and in 2019. They are framed into four lines of promotion: human resource training (masters and doctors) and institutional support to post-graduate programs; strengthening of research institutions (infrastructure and personnel); research networks in the region; and regional themes. The institutional situation of some FAPs remains almost unchanged in comparison with the beginning of their activities and the current moment: insufficient staff to meet the institutional demands; consecutive budget cuts; and state government measures that interfere with management and operation. The FAPs of Amazonas and Pará have more institutional strength compared to the others, they are also the states with more scientific institutions, i.e. greater representation of the scientific community. The FAPs, as well as decentralisation, have as their objectives the collaboration in the construction of the local scientific agenda. In this sense, research agendas are constructed through dialogues with local scientific actors - represented by the members of the Superior Boards - and the demands of the political actors are designed in the local government plans for the scientific area. As a polysemic word, development has different meanings for each individual, and this is the challenge when promoting it: to conciliate collective interests.
A etnografia da “batalha” contra a tradição, a feitiçaria e os espíritos dos ancestrais entre os evangélicos de Maputo, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Tivane, Fernando Félix
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3364180835410062
This thesis explores, ethnographically, the meanings of “Christian born-again” and self-giving among pentecostal in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. It argues that the pentecostal churches in Mozambique are encompassed by “traditional” practices (always associated with witchcraft and sorcery), which they fight daily, as they cause diseases and other afflictions in the lives of the faithful. This struggle, waged by the pentecostal churches, far from being a new phenomenon, it constitutes a continuation of a war once fought by the post-independence Mozambican socialist state under the leadership of the Frelimo Party, within the scope of the project of invention of the Homem Novo. In fact, there is an analogy between the Homem Novo of Frelimo socialism and the “born-again man” of pentecostal Christianity. This thesis was carried out from a qualitative approach and concludes that both the post-independence Mozambican state and the pentecostal churches are institutions encompassed by these “traditional” practices that they claim to fight.
Influência do ensino remoto emergencial na atuação de docentes universitários na área de atividade física adaptada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Rossi-Andrion, Patricia
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Munster, Mey de Abreu Van
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9630189850426302
Among the various consequences resulting from the pandemic triggered by Covid-19 in 2020, it was the interferences in the educational scenario that it was stand out. Significant changes in the university academic routine led to the need to reorganize teaching for the non-presential modality, resorting to remote activities aimed to training teachers in the most different areas of knowledge. Particularly in the Adapted Physical Activity (APA) area, the importance and the needs to understand the resources in teaching strategies that it has been used by teachers of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are highlighted, witch teach the subjects related about this theme, which was oriented to the formation of the teachers to act in the inclusion of the Target Public of Special Education (TPSE). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the resources and teaching strategies developed by university professors to the pre-service of teachers in Adapted Physical Activity during the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT), due to the pandemic resulting from the Covid-19. Specifically, it was intended to: a) characterize the profile of Adapted Physical Activity teachers who worked during the ERT; b) identify which resources and teaching strategies have been developed for teacher training in APA during the ERT; c) describe how the resources and teaching strategies were operationalized by the professors; d) identify the support structure provided by the HEIs according the ERT; e) analyze the consequences of the ERT in the teachers training in APA from the perspective of the HEIs’ professors. In the first stage of the study, the sample consisted of 32 professors from public and private HEIs who taught the APA subjects (or equivalent titles) during the ERT, by a questionnaire which was sent by email (Google Forms) with the purpose to identifying accurate information and screening participants selected and invited to be interviewed. In the second stage, a structured interview was carried out with 11 professors from HEIs in the five Brazilian regions. The interviewers took place via Google Meet and lasted an average of one an half hour, in order to understand how teaching strategies in APA were occurred during the ERT. Data treatment was based on thematic analysis. Three thematic categories were identified: a) structuring, reorganization and adaptation of HEIs to the ERT (contextualization; actions; time; period; assistance of HEIs); b) challenges of the ERT for initial professional training in APA (teaching strategies; evaluation criteria; possibilities and limits); and c) consequences of ERT (return to the face-to-face model; teaching performance; student performance). The effectiveness and need for the insertion of the ERT during the pandemic was observed so that academic activities remained active. It was necessary for the professors to reorganize their disciplines, as well as modify the teaching strategies and make the evaluation criteria more flexible. There was a great overload of work, interfering with the physical and emotional aspects of the professors, in addition to the great concern of accessibility and permanence of the students regarding the technological devices. With regard to initial professional training in APA, it was possible to highlight the need for practical experiences and face-to-face personal interaction. But overall, the ERT was positive and managed to achieve in objectives in the situation in which it was inserted.
Aspectos linguísticos na descrição de notícias satíricas do português do Brasil: uma proposta tipológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Wick-Pedro, Gabriela
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3367416478527735
The presence of deception on the web and in messaging applications has been a major contemporary problem. This context generated some initiatives in Linguistics and Computing to linguistically characterize related texts and automatically detect their occurrence. According to (RUBIN; CHEN; CONROY, 2015), there are three traditional types of misleading content: i) fabricated news: produced by what is called the brown press or tabloids; ii) rumors: news disguised to deceive the public and can be released by carelessness by traditional news agencies and iii) satirical news: news similar to real news, however, created for humor purposes. Theoretically, according to Simpson (2003), satire can be defined, based on a triad, as a discursive practice that establishes and results in an ironic incongruity between a satirical target, a satirical author and a satirical audience, and whose purpose is to criticize or mock the satirical target. Thus, if not recognized as humorous content, satirical news can create difficulties in understanding and false beliefs in the minds of more inattentive readers. Automatically detecting satirical news, therefore, proves to be relevant in the linguistic-computational bias, mainly added to the deficiency of works in the literature that consider the computational analysis of satire and the inexistence for the Portuguese language. The construction of a corpus of satirical news and its parallel of true news for Brazilian Portuguese is reported here. The corpus is composed of a subcorpus of 150 satirical news (22,963 words and 1,212 sentences) extracted from the Sensationalista website and another subcorpus of 150 real news (107,133 words and 5,721 sentences) extracted from several online news portals and corresponding to the articles satirical. The total corpus counts 130 thousand words and 6,900 sentences. Furthermore, this work proposes to analyze and describe the morphosyntactics aspects, the difference between the verbal occurrences of satirical news, as well as the main lexical characteristics found in satirical and true articles. To perform this task, the corpus was automatically annotated by the PALAVRAS parser (BICK, 2000). The NILC-Metrix tools (LEAL, 2021) were also used to measure the textual complexity in texts and the LIWC (PENNEBAKER et al., 2015), which evaluates emotional, cognitive and structural components of a given text, is based on the use of a dictionary containing sorting words into categories. Finally, it is expected to contribute to the linguistic description of satirical news and to create, through the results obtained in this research, bases for future Natural Language Processing (NLP) works focused on the automatic identification of misleading content for Brazilian Portuguese.
Avaliação da efetividade de medidas de manejo envolvendo o conflito humano-capivara no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Cietto, Alex Deiws
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2194181323699941
In the state of São Paulo, the high number of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris capybaras present in the rural and urban environment can be considered as an example of ecological imbalance caused by environmental degradation, where deforestation and the replacement of native vegetation along water courses by agricultural and real estate activities ended up creating a favorable environment for this species, which has a high reproductive rate and great ability to adapt to degraded and anthropic environments. The absence of natural predators and the abundance of food associates with the population imbalance of the species in certain areas is identified as the main cause of excessive tick infestation, resulting in a high risk to public health due to the capybara being the primary host of ticks of the genus Amblyomma, vectors of the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii that causes brazilian spotted fever (BSF). The research, given the environmental relevance and negative impacts, aims to evaluate the level of effectiveness of management measures involving the capybara-human conflict in the state of São Paulo in process with authorization issued by the Secretariat of Infrastructure and the Environment - SIMA between the period from 2011 to 2022. In order to obtain the data, an online questionnaire was applied, consisting of 36 questions subdivided into five blocks structured in a mixed method, quantitative (explanatory) outlined in Likert Scale of two points and a five points in ordinal scale in the first four blocks and qualitative (exploratory) in the fifth block, respectively evaluating the risk to public health, the application of control measures, the effectiveness of physical barriers, the perception of local risk and the main environmental impacts resulting from the measures adopted in the management of the species in the area of the enterprises. According to the results obtained, 11 enterprises were evaluated for attending the object of this study in the method of total euthanasia of individuals, being that nine (81,82%) effectively concluded the management of capybaras, with eight (88,89%) related to closed areas and only one related to the open area, leaving only two process in progress, one in a closed area and one in an open area, obtaining 3,68 points on the Likert Scale for the final average involving all blocks.
Justiça e moral no trabalho: vendedores do comércio varejista do Rio de Janeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Magaldi, Tiago
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4178932139397141
This thesis describes and analyses the work of commission salesmen at a large Brazilian retailer, Via S.A. (Via Varejo), owner of the Casas Bahia and Ponto Frio chains, under the hypothesis that the set of experiences involved in this work would lead to the adoption of radically individualist criteria of distributive justice ("to each according to his abilities") and the critique of collectivist criteria ("to each according to the amount collectively produced, regardless of his individual contribution"). Based on interviews and non-participant observation, I describe the daily life of the salespeople, reconstructing the typical stages of sales interactions with customers, and of the relationships with managers and colleagues on the store floor, interactions that are closely related to the commission system of remuneration: a strongly variable system, which fluctuates according to the flow of customers, the individual ability of the salesperson, the different levels of goals set by the company, and even by the annual seasonality. Using data from RAIS and from the interviews, I also argue, contrary to the literature, that the occupation of salesperson does not, in practice, only include young workers with little roots in the commerce sector, being merely a "passing" occupation. The workers interviewed, on the contrary, have a long trajectory in commerce, so that it is possible to consider the decisive influence of this work on their living conditions and - what most interests this thesis - their subjectivity. Thus, I reconstruct the elements of an idealized occupational identity, built on the image of the salesperson as a comprehensive mediator between the customers' consumption needs and the products he or she has available, and analyse the criteria of distributive justice that underlie the legitimacy of the unequal distribution of remuneration and prestige on the store floor. I point out the criteria of "proportionality" and "merit" as hegemonic, enjoying wide legitimacy among salespeople, but not absolute: there are also criteria mobilized for criticism, such as retribution for effort, charging considered excessive and, above all, the requirement of a minimum level of distribution that legitimizes the inequality of results. The analysis of the critical manifestations to the company by the salesmen during the crisis offers another critical principle: that of the company's supposed duty of care to its "collaborators", in a denunciation that I called "paternalistic". I argue that the strength of the objective and subjective structure of the commissioned salesperson's work tends to produce individualistic criteria in the subjects, but that this process is not absolute, finding itself open to criticism that has the potential to delegitimize unequal distributive outcomes: there are limits to the adoption of individualistic criteria, and there is a pragmatic adaptation, on the part of the workers, of possible criticisms to real situations.
Trajetórias: fissura labiopalatina e imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Victorio, Fernanda de Oliveira
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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Lolli, Pedro Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6114043331557199
This dissertation contemplates anthropological reflections on the notion of person in the life trajectory of individuals with Complete Bilateral Transforamen Fissure (FTB), a specific type of cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomaly, of variable presentation, that occurs during the development of the embryo. Attempting to think about the social relationships of patients at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC/Centrinho), associated with the University of São Paulo (USP), and located in the city of Bauru, this study focuses on the idea that the disease involves a set of latent phenomena that address individual and stigmatizing experiences. The research, which will be carried out from bibliographic studies and my experience as a carrier of the disease, will also rely on the power of images as a way to think about the construction of the notion of person of these individuals and express their human emotions through gestures memorials.
Utilização do CO2 em substituição ao O2 na ativação de Cu-MAZ na oxidação do metano a metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27)
Pereira, Tássia Caroline Passos
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1604878593488072
Converting methane to methanol has been a challenge for decades due to the high reactivity of methanol compared to methane. One of the challenges of this reaction to take it to an industrial scale was to find a safer oxidant than those that were used based on molecular oxygen and that it does not decrease the methanol production of the catalyst due to the replacement of the oxidant. In this work it was demonstrated that using Cu-MAZ catalysts O2 can be replaced by CO2, thus creating a process free of molecular oxygen, and consequently safer. The in-situ UV-vis technique and Density Functional Theory Calculation were used to identify the active species in the Cu-MAZ catalysts. The methodology used made it possible to identify the species that react with CH4 under different activation conditions. Activation with inert (He) allowed to identify the presence of a small fraction of active species of the [Cu3O3]2+ type. When investigating the species that reacted with CH4 after activation with O2 or CO2, it was concluded that the main active species in Cu-MAZ catalysts is the 2[CuOH]+ type. CO2 was able to reoxidize Cu+ from the [Cu3O3]2+ species, but did not reoxidize Cu+ generated from the 2[CuOH]+ species. These Cu+ species are reoxidized by H2O above 200 °C, and for the activity of the material to be fully reestablished, a heat treatment with an oxidizing gas that can be CO2 instead of O2 is necessary. At high temperature, CO2 was also able to desorb methanol from the active sites. The use of CO2 in the activation of Cu-MAZ catalysts resulted in a higher productivity of methanol than when using O2, and still allows a modulated process to be carried out by alternating the reactants in the reactor feed without any safety risk.
A relação forma e conteúdo dos nexos conceituais de contagem em aulas online para crianças de 1º ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Pereira, Patrícia
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5172215720465911
This present research of a typically historical bibliographic-documentary qualitative nature had as theoretical and methodological foundation the historical-dialectical materialist paradigm and was conducted by the following question: "What relationship between form and content is explained in online classes for children of the 1st year of elementary school who present the conceptual concepts of counting? The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the form and content of the conceptual index letters (numerical sense, one-on-one correspondence, sequence/ordering, grouping) presented in online classes for children in the 1st year of elementary school. The thesis defended was that the relationship between form and content of the conceptual links of the count directly implies the relationship between teaching and learning. For the construction of the information we attended and analyzed 37 online mathematics classes transmitted by CMSPi (35.92%) of out a total of 103, during the pandemic, for children enrolled in the initial grades, elementary school in the State network of São Paulo, in the period from 27/04/2020 to 29/10/2020, in order to understand how and what conceptual connection of counting are presented, identifying the relationship form and content of these issues. The results presented showed that counting cones were addressed in online classes: one-on-one correspondence, grouping/ordering and sequence, through challenges and use of manipulated concrete material such as tampons and toothpicks. Considering the definition of numerical sense this point was not addressed in any of the online classes analyzed. In relation to the contents addressed in the classes, there is the prevalence of numerical representation in the decimal base, which is immediately indicated, after the children make use of the correspondence one by one when they are faced with the control of quantitative movements. This form of control is called counting by teachers who organize and present online classes. In this sense, we found that online classes prioritized the form through the use of manipulateable concrete materials, such as tampons, chips and toothpicks, with emphasis on the perceptible elements of the concept that manifest themselves in the colors of objects and numerical representations. The concept of counting is restricted to the indication by children of the objects from the correspondence one by one with the little fingers and immediately, they must represent the quantities by the numerical symbols that are presented in the numerical basis ten. Number is synonymous with numeral. Content is synonymous with form. The idea of quantity becomes synonymous with the numeral that represents quantity. The zero digit is not treated. Children are not known that the zero digit is a placekeeper and that numerical base 10 is positional because it consists of regular groupings.
Catalisadores de Au/ZrO2 e Au/In2O3/ZrO2: Efeito das propriedades eletrônicas e estruturais na atividade para desidrogenação do etanol e hidrogenação de CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Augusto, Thiago de Melo
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5261437566516289
Au/ZrO2 and Au/In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts were developed for CO2 hydrogenation reaction and Au/ZrO2 for ethanol dehydrogenation. The monometallic gold catalysts supported on ZrO2 with different contents (0.3 to 5.0%w/w) were prepared by deposition-precipitation (DP) and analyzed by HRSTEM, DRIFTS-CO and in situ XPS as well as other characterization techniques. HRSTEM analysis proved the high dispersion of Au nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size around 15 Å. The ulltraestructural analysis also verified the presence of particles smaller than 20 Å (metal clusters) and isolated atoms with 2D and 3D configurations. The activity verified by ethanol dehydrogenation tests was higher for catalysts with Au content <1%. In situ XPS analyses indicated that a high dispersion of Au NPs, associated with heat treatment conditions at low temperature (200°C), promoted an increase in BE Au 4f7/2 binding energy, accompanied by surface defects and characterized by CO adsorption.The DFT results using clusters (3 and 13 Au atoms), indicated that the activation of ethanol on the surface of the clusters is not favorable, it must occur at the Au/ZrO2 interface and the determining step occurs on the surface of the clusters. The presence of low coordination sites formed by surface defects through the decrease of the Au charge and low heat treatment temperature suggest that they are of the 2D surface type, providing high catalytic activity and low activation energy (Ea) for the reaction. The increase of temperature in He treatment of the samples (from 200 to 600°C) increases the coordination number (NAu-Au) and the bond distance (RAu-Au), promoting a decrease of the catalytic activity. The adsorption of CO in linear form to the bridge type is favored with increasing Au loading and heat treatment temperature in He. This behavior is accompanied by the increase of NAu-Au and RAu-Au. Removal of defects on the surface by thermal activation leads to a decrease in electronic density and catalytic activity. Au/ZrO2, In2O3, In2O3/ZrO2, Au/In2O3, and Au/In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts were also evaluated for the CO2 hydrogenation reaction at high pressure (50bar). HRSTEM indicated a high dispersion of the Au on the support (In2O3/ZrO2) and of the In2O3 nanoparticles on the ZrO2. XPS spectra confirmed the interaction between In and Zr by deviations in the binding energy for the 3d 5/2 level of In and Zr and by differences between the reduction profiles by TPR-H2 for the bulk (In2O3) and the In2O3/ZrO2.Ex situ and in situ Raman, and XPS allowed confirming the increase in vacancies for this system with variation in the relative intensities of the decayed spectra. The yield to the methanol product was significantly higher for the Au/In2O3/ZrO2 system compared to the others (Au/ZrO2, In2O3, In2O3/ZrO2, and Au/In2O3), indicating that clusters and/or NPs of Au, as well as highly dispersed In2O3 NPs on ZrO2 favor the formation of oxygen vacancies in the active sites, increasing the CO2 adsorption strength, stabilization of reaction intermediates, and decreasing the reverse reaction of CO production with ~70% selectivity to methanol.
Sobreposição de transformações e desafios: experiências de mães de adolescentes na pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Alem Filho, Fabio
;
Wernet, Monika
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7378179768814680
In the tangle of social relations, adolescence is processed and adolescents emerge. Adolescence is part of the individual and family life cycle, encompasses particular development processes towards identity assumptions and life projects, during which transformations are experienced at different levels. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed changes in social dynamics, among which is the tendency for adolescents to stay at home. This study proposed to explore the perception of parents about adolescence in the context of the pandemic. The proposed objective was to elucidate meanings and behaviors of parents in supporting adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative study with a descriptive and exploratory approach, supported by Symbolic Interactionism and thematic Content Analysis. Semi-structured interviews were developed with mothers of adolescents between the 1st half of 2021 and the 2nd half of 2022, enabling and encouraging a space for speech to share perceptions and afflictions regarding the growth of children in a scenario of uncertainty. From the interviews, three categories were created: interaction with the adolescent in transformation; relations in the face of the pandemic and its consequences; adaptations, revelations and concerns arising from living together. This study provided a space for family discussion that enabled reflections on topics not always addressed in family life and that can have positive consequences for raising and living with adolescents. we believe that this research can contribute to deepening the available knowledge about families, adolescents and the pandemic, in order to support health professionals in the care and monitoring of families and adolescents, as it brings important discussions about family life during the process of social isolation and favors the construction of knowledge to support these individuals who, many times, are not assisted with quality due to lack of understanding and knowledge on the part of professionals.
Produção de ácido hialurônico microbiano: viabilidade econômica e avaliação de impactos ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Harth, Matheus Lopes
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Furlan, Felipe Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-5257
;
Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer with unique structural and rheological properties, that, initially, was produced by extraction from animal tissue, from rooster comb. However, it used non-ecofriendly solvents (chloroform) and high purification costs to remove contaminants from the rooster comb motivated its manufacture from Streptococcus zooepidemicus bacteria cultivation. Considering this, our study proposed to do a techno-economic-environmental analysis of microbial hyaluronic acid production incorporated to a bioethanol biorefinery with S. zooepidemicus. The techno-economic analysis was conducted in EMSO, while the environmental analysis was done via Life Cycle Analysis, with the approach of gate-to-gate. At first, sugarcane juice was evaluated as carbon source and the required steam and electricity were provided from the sugarcane factory, which resulted in a net present value (NPV) of US$ 18.43 million with a return-on-investment rate of 12.5%. Economic feasibility can enhance further by utilizing more fractions from the biorefinery, such as yeast surplus for yeast extract production and not adding the salts to the cultivation medium, which increase NPV in 37.1% and 11.6%, respectively. From the environmental point-of-view, the Life Cycle Analysis showed the step with more environmental impact was the Production, especially the sodium hydroxide consumption for the cleaning-in-place and pH control, representing 78% of the total impact for Global Warming Potential. As the cleaning-in-place cannot be suppressed due to rules of regulatory agencies, we assessed the effect of not controlling the cultivation pH and assess its impact by reducing sucrose conversion to 50%. Such change made the process economically unfeasible, confirming what the shaken flasks cultivation showed: pH control has a significant effect on the cultivation of S. zooepidemicus, especially in the growth aspect of it.
Célestin Freinet: história, política, princípios, técnicas e pesquisas acadêmicas (1982-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Martins, Gabriela Luchesi
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Reyes, Claudia Raimundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187942717120318
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-3020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8321641294556789
The present work has as its theme Freinet Pedagogy and academic research (theses and dissertations), between 1982 and 2018, which address theory and practice in the classroom. Célestin Freinet believed that techniques and practices would change according to the social, historical, political and cultural issues of a given time. Based on this premise and our personal experience with this Pedagogy, we chose our research theme and arrived at the following question: what transformations in the teaching and learning process can be perceived in Brazilian academic research between 1982 and 2018, based on the Freinet Pedagogy, who use techniques and practices in the classroom, in Elementary School I? From this, we set the following objectives: to know the academic research on Freinet produced in Brazil; discriminate which researches involve freinetian techniques and practices in Elementary School I; and to analyze the transformations that occurred in academic research in the teaching and learning process of Freinet techniques and practices in Elementary School I. For data collection, we used a bibliographical review as a methodology, based on the analysis of academic works, with a search in the Database Data from the CAPES Portal. We categorize and organize the research in tables and graphs, finally we have 9 works that were found in those that involve the teaching and learning process in the classroom, in elementary school I and that bring as a theme the pedagogical practices, techniques and freinetian principles . We find in the post-2000 works the connection with Marxist-based theories – Freire, Vygostsky, Pacheco, Wallon – different from those prior to that period that had their focus on Freinet. It appears that the essence of Freinet Pedagogy, its principles, remain until today, like a seed that germinates and bears fruit, spreading, sprouting in fertile soil.
Sensibilidade de abelhas brasileiras a agrotóxicos: avaliação de risco ambiental baseada no modelo Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Lourencetti, Ana Paula Salomé
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Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6697139742938622
Ecotoxicological tests realized to assess the environmental risks of pesticides to bees used by countries around the world are based on the protocols developed by the Organization for Economic and Cooperation, where is recommended the use of isolated active ingredients in surrogate species Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Once the representativeness of these protocols concerning the surrogate and pesticide mixtures is pointed out as gaps regarding the pesticide risk assessment, the development of ecotoxicological studies about stingless bees is a crucial step toward achieving a more protective regulatory process in Brazil. The present work evaluated the toxicity of a neonicotinoid commercial product, isolated and combined with an herbicide and a fungicide in three species of stingless bees considered possible surrogates for the assessment of environmental risk in pollinators in Brazil Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), Scaptotrigona postica Latreille, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and Melipona scutellaris Laitrelle, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae).Through adapted oral toxicity tests and comparison of the sensitivity of these bees with the current biological model, we highlight that existing protocols do not protect stingless bee biodiversity due to the greater sensitivity found in representatives and due to toxicological interactions when the insecticide was offered in binary combinations. Therefore, it is a major necessity to incorporate these pollinators into the Brazilian environmental risk assessment process and create regulations regarding the use of mixtures before or after pesticide application.
Caracterização da diversidade e estrutura genética de uma população invasora e investigação de possíveis híbridos entre as espécies ameaçadas Leontopithecus rosalia e Leontopithecus chrysomelas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-28)
Aliaga Samanez, Gabriela Guadalupe
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9717595663455527
The introduction of non-native species is an event that can jeopardize the conservation of native species. The introduction of alien species is usually based on a few individuals and is linked to impacts related to the founder effect and the loss of genetic diversity, which is dependent on the initial effective population size, the population growth rate, and the characteristics of the new colonized environment, which may or may not provide adaptation to it. Invasive species can also favor hybridization with native species, when both species meet and manage to mate, which can be detrimental to biodiversity when one or both pure progenitor strains or species become extinct. The creation of contact zones between species that do not naturally co-occur can therefore pose a pressing threat to biological conservation. This is the case of a specific region of Serra da Tiririca State Park, located in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), where two pairs of the threatened species Leontopithecus chrysomelas (the golden headed lion tamarin, GHLT, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Bahia) and a pair of Leontopithecus rosalia (the golden lion tamarin, GLT, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro) were released in the 1990s. Due to the favourable conditions present in this area, these animals were able to adapt and reproduce successfully, generating a new population outside the natural range of L. chrysomelas. Over two decades, this population increased its density exponentially, and it was estimated that there were about 200 individuals, with phenotype of L. chrysomelas in that area in 2009, no individuals with the phenotype of L. rosalia were observed. In view of this event, and the fact that at that time there was only the suspicion of a possible illegal introduction of L. chrysomelas into the Niteroi region, an alternative measure to contain the growth and advance of this population to adjacent areas of natural occurrence of L. rosalia, was to carry out the translocation of individuals with phenotype similar of L. chrysomelas to a fragment of Atlantic Forest, located on the RPPN (Private Natural Heritage Reserve) Veracel Celulose in Belmonte, Bahia. In 2015, however, the illegal introduction of L. chrysomelas and also L. rosalia was confirmed. Although these individuals had the phenotype of L. chrysomelas, it is known that hybrids, besides having phenotypes intermediate to the inter-crossing species, can be more similar to only one of the parental species. Considering that both L. rosalia and L. chrysomelas are species classified by the IUCN as "endangered", investigating the existence of hybrids in this population and characterizing their genetic diversity and structure is relevant for appropriate management measures in regions where currently there are descendants of this population. In this context, the main objective of this study was to carry out genomic and genetic analyses to investigate the occurrence of hybridization and to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of this population. The data showed no signs of hybridization in the Niteroi population, confirming that the individuals are from the species L. chrysomelas. Additionally, genetic diversity values were comparable to those observed for other Leontopithecus populations, showing the absence of negative founder effect consequences and the excellent capacity of the species to re-establish its diversity in the Niteroi region. These findings are relevant to adequately manage individuals from the invasive population and for the conservation programs of both pure species.