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A etnografia da “batalha” contra a tradição, a feitiçaria e os espíritos dos ancestrais entre os evangélicos de Maputo, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Tivane, Fernando Félix; Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3364180835410062
This thesis explores, ethnographically, the meanings of “Christian born-again” and self-giving among pentecostal in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. It argues that the pentecostal churches in Mozambique are encompassed by “traditional” practices (always associated with witchcraft and sorcery), which they fight daily, as they cause diseases and other afflictions in the lives of the faithful. This struggle, waged by the pentecostal churches, far from being a new phenomenon, it constitutes a continuation of a war once fought by the post-independence Mozambican socialist state under the leadership of the Frelimo Party, within the scope of the project of invention of the Homem Novo. In fact, there is an analogy between the Homem Novo of Frelimo socialism and the “born-again man” of pentecostal Christianity. This thesis was carried out from a qualitative approach and concludes that both the post-independence Mozambican state and the pentecostal churches are institutions encompassed by these “traditional” practices that they claim to fight.
Avaliação da efetividade de medidas de manejo envolvendo o conflito humano-capivara no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Cietto, Alex Deiws; Rocha, Vlamir José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2194181323699941
In the state of São Paulo, the high number of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris capybaras present in the rural and urban environment can be considered as an example of ecological imbalance caused by environmental degradation, where deforestation and the replacement of native vegetation along water courses by agricultural and real estate activities ended up creating a favorable environment for this species, which has a high reproductive rate and great ability to adapt to degraded and anthropic environments. The absence of natural predators and the abundance of food associates with the population imbalance of the species in certain areas is identified as the main cause of excessive tick infestation, resulting in a high risk to public health due to the capybara being the primary host of ticks of the genus Amblyomma, vectors of the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii that causes brazilian spotted fever (BSF). The research, given the environmental relevance and negative impacts, aims to evaluate the level of effectiveness of management measures involving the capybara-human conflict in the state of São Paulo in process with authorization issued by the Secretariat of Infrastructure and the Environment - SIMA between the period from 2011 to 2022. In order to obtain the data, an online questionnaire was applied, consisting of 36 questions subdivided into five blocks structured in a mixed method, quantitative (explanatory) outlined in Likert Scale of two points and a five points in ordinal scale in the first four blocks and qualitative (exploratory) in the fifth block, respectively evaluating the risk to public health, the application of control measures, the effectiveness of physical barriers, the perception of local risk and the main environmental impacts resulting from the measures adopted in the management of the species in the area of the enterprises. According to the results obtained, 11 enterprises were evaluated for attending the object of this study in the method of total euthanasia of individuals, being that nine (81,82%) effectively concluded the management of capybaras, with eight (88,89%) related to closed areas and only one related to the open area, leaving only two process in progress, one in a closed area and one in an open area, obtaining 3,68 points on the Likert Scale for the final average involving all blocks.
Justiça e moral no trabalho: vendedores do comércio varejista do Rio de Janeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Magaldi, Tiago; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4178932139397141
This thesis describes and analyses the work of commission salesmen at a large Brazilian retailer, Via S.A. (Via Varejo), owner of the Casas Bahia and Ponto Frio chains, under the hypothesis that the set of experiences involved in this work would lead to the adoption of radically individualist criteria of distributive justice ("to each according to his abilities") and the critique of collectivist criteria ("to each according to the amount collectively produced, regardless of his individual contribution"). Based on interviews and non-participant observation, I describe the daily life of the salespeople, reconstructing the typical stages of sales interactions with customers, and of the relationships with managers and colleagues on the store floor, interactions that are closely related to the commission system of remuneration: a strongly variable system, which fluctuates according to the flow of customers, the individual ability of the salesperson, the different levels of goals set by the company, and even by the annual seasonality. Using data from RAIS and from the interviews, I also argue, contrary to the literature, that the occupation of salesperson does not, in practice, only include young workers with little roots in the commerce sector, being merely a "passing" occupation. The workers interviewed, on the contrary, have a long trajectory in commerce, so that it is possible to consider the decisive influence of this work on their living conditions and - what most interests this thesis - their subjectivity. Thus, I reconstruct the elements of an idealized occupational identity, built on the image of the salesperson as a comprehensive mediator between the customers' consumption needs and the products he or she has available, and analyse the criteria of distributive justice that underlie the legitimacy of the unequal distribution of remuneration and prestige on the store floor. I point out the criteria of "proportionality" and "merit" as hegemonic, enjoying wide legitimacy among salespeople, but not absolute: there are also criteria mobilized for criticism, such as retribution for effort, charging considered excessive and, above all, the requirement of a minimum level of distribution that legitimizes the inequality of results. The analysis of the critical manifestations to the company by the salesmen during the crisis offers another critical principle: that of the company's supposed duty of care to its "collaborators", in a denunciation that I called "paternalistic". I argue that the strength of the objective and subjective structure of the commissioned salesperson's work tends to produce individualistic criteria in the subjects, but that this process is not absolute, finding itself open to criticism that has the potential to delegitimize unequal distributive outcomes: there are limits to the adoption of individualistic criteria, and there is a pragmatic adaptation, on the part of the workers, of possible criticisms to real situations.
Trajetórias: fissura labiopalatina e imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Victorio, Fernanda de Oliveira; Peggion, Edmundo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827; Lolli, Pedro Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6114043331557199; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449096619949841
This dissertation contemplates anthropological reflections on the notion of person in the life trajectory of individuals with Complete Bilateral Transforamen Fissure (FTB), a specific type of cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomaly, of variable presentation, that occurs during the development of the embryo. Attempting to think about the social relationships of patients at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC/Centrinho), associated with the University of São Paulo (USP), and located in the city of Bauru, this study focuses on the idea that the disease involves a set of latent phenomena that address individual and stigmatizing experiences. The research, which will be carried out from bibliographic studies and my experience as a carrier of the disease, will also rely on the power of images as a way to think about the construction of the notion of person of these individuals and express their human emotions through gestures memorials.
Influência do ensino remoto emergencial na atuação de docentes universitários na área de atividade física adaptada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Rossi-Andrion, Patricia; Munster, Mey de Abreu Van; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9630189850426302
Among the various consequences resulting from the pandemic triggered by Covid-19 in 2020, it was the interferences in the educational scenario that it was stand out. Significant changes in the university academic routine led to the need to reorganize teaching for the non-presential modality, resorting to remote activities aimed to training teachers in the most different areas of knowledge. Particularly in the Adapted Physical Activity (APA) area, the importance and the needs to understand the resources in teaching strategies that it has been used by teachers of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are highlighted, witch teach the subjects related about this theme, which was oriented to the formation of the teachers to act in the inclusion of the Target Public of Special Education (TPSE). Thus, this study aimed to analyze the resources and teaching strategies developed by university professors to the pre-service of teachers in Adapted Physical Activity during the Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT), due to the pandemic resulting from the Covid-19. Specifically, it was intended to: a) characterize the profile of Adapted Physical Activity teachers who worked during the ERT; b) identify which resources and teaching strategies have been developed for teacher training in APA during the ERT; c) describe how the resources and teaching strategies were operationalized by the professors; d) identify the support structure provided by the HEIs according the ERT; e) analyze the consequences of the ERT in the teachers training in APA from the perspective of the HEIs’ professors. In the first stage of the study, the sample consisted of 32 professors from public and private HEIs who taught the APA subjects (or equivalent titles) during the ERT, by a questionnaire which was sent by email (Google Forms) with the purpose to identifying accurate information and screening participants selected and invited to be interviewed. In the second stage, a structured interview was carried out with 11 professors from HEIs in the five Brazilian regions. The interviewers took place via Google Meet and lasted an average of one an half hour, in order to understand how teaching strategies in APA were occurred during the ERT. Data treatment was based on thematic analysis. Three thematic categories were identified: a) structuring, reorganization and adaptation of HEIs to the ERT (contextualization; actions; time; period; assistance of HEIs); b) challenges of the ERT for initial professional training in APA (teaching strategies; evaluation criteria; possibilities and limits); and c) consequences of ERT (return to the face-to-face model; teaching performance; student performance). The effectiveness and need for the insertion of the ERT during the pandemic was observed so that academic activities remained active. It was necessary for the professors to reorganize their disciplines, as well as modify the teaching strategies and make the evaluation criteria more flexible. There was a great overload of work, interfering with the physical and emotional aspects of the professors, in addition to the great concern of accessibility and permanence of the students regarding the technological devices. With regard to initial professional training in APA, it was possible to highlight the need for practical experiences and face-to-face personal interaction. But overall, the ERT was positive and managed to achieve in objectives in the situation in which it was inserted.
Utilização do CO2 em substituição ao O2 na ativação de Cu-MAZ na oxidação do metano a metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Pereira, Tássia Caroline Passos; Bueno, José Maria Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1604878593488072
Converting methane to methanol has been a challenge for decades due to the high reactivity of methanol compared to methane. One of the challenges of this reaction to take it to an industrial scale was to find a safer oxidant than those that were used based on molecular oxygen and that it does not decrease the methanol production of the catalyst due to the replacement of the oxidant. In this work it was demonstrated that using Cu-MAZ catalysts O2 can be replaced by CO2, thus creating a process free of molecular oxygen, and consequently safer. The in-situ UV-vis technique and Density Functional Theory Calculation were used to identify the active species in the Cu-MAZ catalysts. The methodology used made it possible to identify the species that react with CH4 under different activation conditions. Activation with inert (He) allowed to identify the presence of a small fraction of active species of the [Cu3O3]2+ type. When investigating the species that reacted with CH4 after activation with O2 or CO2, it was concluded that the main active species in Cu-MAZ catalysts is the 2[CuOH]+ type. CO2 was able to reoxidize Cu+ from the [Cu3O3]2+ species, but did not reoxidize Cu+ generated from the 2[CuOH]+ species. These Cu+ species are reoxidized by H2O above 200 °C, and for the activity of the material to be fully reestablished, a heat treatment with an oxidizing gas that can be CO2 instead of O2 is necessary. At high temperature, CO2 was also able to desorb methanol from the active sites. The use of CO2 in the activation of Cu-MAZ catalysts resulted in a higher productivity of methanol than when using O2, and still allows a modulated process to be carried out by alternating the reactants in the reactor feed without any safety risk.
Aspectos linguísticos na descrição de notícias satíricas do português do Brasil: uma proposta tipológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-10-27) Wick-Pedro, Gabriela; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3367416478527735
The presence of deception on the web and in messaging applications has been a major contemporary problem. This context generated some initiatives in Linguistics and Computing to linguistically characterize related texts and automatically detect their occurrence. According to (RUBIN; CHEN; CONROY, 2015), there are three traditional types of misleading content: i) fabricated news: produced by what is called the brown press or tabloids; ii) rumors: news disguised to deceive the public and can be released by carelessness by traditional news agencies and iii) satirical news: news similar to real news, however, created for humor purposes. Theoretically, according to Simpson (2003), satire can be defined, based on a triad, as a discursive practice that establishes and results in an ironic incongruity between a satirical target, a satirical author and a satirical audience, and whose purpose is to criticize or mock the satirical target. Thus, if not recognized as humorous content, satirical news can create difficulties in understanding and false beliefs in the minds of more inattentive readers. Automatically detecting satirical news, therefore, proves to be relevant in the linguistic-computational bias, mainly added to the deficiency of works in the literature that consider the computational analysis of satire and the inexistence for the Portuguese language. The construction of a corpus of satirical news and its parallel of true news for Brazilian Portuguese is reported here. The corpus is composed of a subcorpus of 150 satirical news (22,963 words and 1,212 sentences) extracted from the Sensationalista website and another subcorpus of 150 real news (107,133 words and 5,721 sentences) extracted from several online news portals and corresponding to the articles satirical. The total corpus counts 130 thousand words and 6,900 sentences. Furthermore, this work proposes to analyze and describe the morphosyntactics aspects, the difference between the verbal occurrences of satirical news, as well as the main lexical characteristics found in satirical and true articles. To perform this task, the corpus was automatically annotated by the PALAVRAS parser (BICK, 2000). The NILC-Metrix tools (LEAL, 2021) were also used to measure the textual complexity in texts and the LIWC (PENNEBAKER et al., 2015), which evaluates emotional, cognitive and structural components of a given text, is based on the use of a dictionary containing sorting words into categories. Finally, it is expected to contribute to the linguistic description of satirical news and to create, through the results obtained in this research, bases for future Natural Language Processing (NLP) works focused on the automatic identification of misleading content for Brazilian Portuguese.