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Retrato de uma Unidade Saúde Escola durante a pandemia da COVID-19: caracterização dos novos usuários e das estratégias de atendimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Frederico, Isabel Cristina; Vasilceac, Fernando Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220838672192063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1781838999559439
The discussion field of this work is the current situation of human illness and the reality of Brazilian public health system. Humanity is experiencing an unexpected and unplanned crisis with the COVID-19 pandemic. The School Health Unit (USE) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) is part of the health care network as a Multidisciplinary Academic Unit and its mission is to train people through interprofessional health care, based on the dissociability between teaching, research and extension, prioritizing the humanization and integrality of care. The USE has actively participated on health care attention to the general population, mainly by actions in the last two years related to the COVID-19 pandemic, adopting and developing measures to meet the users demands due to the need for social isolation. The objective of the present research is to describe the health care system developed at USE in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the sociodemographic characterization of users and the new modality of remote care. The method is of a documented research of quantitative and qualitative nature, which aimed to compute sociodemographic information (Step 1) as well as identify and characterize the new service proposals together with the technologies developed by professionals at the Unit (Step 2). In this second part, data records collected from 2019 on, related to the origin of the user (such as referred unit), diagnosis, complaints, areas of registration in the Unit and the extension actions offered in the new modalities of health care, via remote access, are presented. In Steps 1 and 2, the information was extracted from the USE database (USEWEB), and the treatment of such data required simple statistical procedures. The results revealed that, in 2019 and the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the USE attended a greater number of women and people who declared themselves white, followed by those who declared themselves to be black or brown, most of them single and adult. For the income and the prevailing level of education, there is a variation between 1 and 5 minimum wages and a majority having reached high school. As for the professional situation, different types of jobs and retired people were observed. In the studied period, there was a significant number of absence of information registration. The results also reveal that the Integrative Mental Health Outpatient Clinic received the highest volume of enrollments both in 2020 and in 2021; that USE, through technical professionals, teachers and students, developed remote health actions, in an innovative way, through extension projects, to assist people during the pandemic. The data indicate a considerable drop in the number of enrollments, between the years 2020 and 2021, compared to previous years, and the lowest access to USE services was for low-income people. It is concluded that the Health School Unit acted in an innovative way, reorganizing its work processes, during the first years of the pandemic in the provision of health care to the population through virtual resources. The sociodemographic characterization showed that, although the number of consultations was reduced during the pandemic, the profile of users was maintained. For future research, it is suggested to investigate the causes responsible for the high rate of missing data in the Unit's electronic system, fundamental data for the planning, organization and evaluation of its own services.
Avaliação de eletrodos compósitos de MnO2 e carbono ativado para aplicação em supercapacitores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Feliciano, Anderson Silva; Bocchi, Nerilso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8723051753491652
Evaluation of composite Mno2 and activated carbon electrodes for application in supercapacitors. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal methodology and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composite materials were obtained by mixing different mass fractions of MnO2 (50 – 95%) and CAP (0 – 45%) and a constant fraction of 5% of polyvinylidene (PVDF) as binder. The electrodes produced from different composite materials were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (VC). The results achieved by charging and discharging (C/D) showed that the composite electrode consisting of 75% (m/m) of MnO2, 20% (m/m) of CAP and 5% (m/m) of PVDF presented a specific capacitance value of 213 F g–1. N2 physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes were then performed for the composite material of this electrode (517 m2 g–1) and its precursors (131 m2 g–1 for MnO2 and 2391 m2 g–1 for CAP). Despite the drastic decrease in the specific surface area of the composite material in relation to that of the CAP (~78 %), the electrochemical characterizations showed that there was a synergistic effect when mixing MnO2 and CAP, since the composite electrode exhibited a specific capacitance higher than that of the electrodes produced with precursor materials. C/D tests performed with the best composite electrode at a specific current of 0.2 A g–1 indicated a maximum specific capacitance value of 213 F g–1, decreasing to 170 F g–1 with an ohmic drop of 32 mV when raising the specific current to 2.0 A g–1. Finally, the composite electrode showed charge retention of 77% and coulombic efficiency of 100% after 5000 C/D cycles. Thus, the analyses carried out in this work demonstrate that the composite material consisting of nanometric MnO2 and CAP is a suitable material for application in electrodes of electrochemical capacitors.
Recobrimentos de ligas Ti-Nb-Zr depositados por pulverização magneto-catódica sobre aço inoxidável AISI 316L para aplicações biomédicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Lemos, Lucas Leal D'Azevedo; Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6038429787389095
The work consists of the deposition of Ti-Nb-Zr ternary alloy coatings in the form of thin films on an AISI 316L stainless steel substrate for applications in the biomedical area, such as dental or orthopedic prosthesis. The main goal of this study is the production of a material with a lower manufacturing cost, when compared to the bulk material composed only by the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy. In addition to this factor, the biocompatibility of the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy is superior to that of AISI 316L steel. The deposition technique used in this work is magnetron sputtering”) using three targets, one of titanium and the others by niobium and zirconium, and stainless steel as substrate. The coatings are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to obtain the composition, crystallographic, morphological and texture properties. Mechanical tests are also carried out, such as nanoindentation, to evaluate the properties of the deposited material and its compatibility with human tissue. The results from this work indicate that design and evaluation of Ti based thin films can be achieved by methods such as Bo-Md diagram and molybdenum equivalency. Young’s modulus for all samples in this work have presented lower values compared to 316L stainless steel, what corroborates its application as a material for orthopaedic prosthesis.
As implicações da formação inicial no processo de iniciação à docência dos egressos do curso de Letras do Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tefé, estado do Amazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Bezerra, Rita de Cássia Eutrópio Mendonça; Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-411X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7988433522054042
Teaching knowledge is the result of a historical process through which teachers transform the knowledge they have had access to throughout their training and professional activities into learning that is mobilized in the professional practice. Initial training has a fundamental role in teacher training. The beginning of teaching for graduates of the Language course is similar to that of other graduates at a time when there is a transition from student to teacher, in which they will have to face the dilemmas and difficulties characteristic of the early career. Thus, initiation to teaching is characterized as a period of intense learning, which can traumatize and awaken in teachers the necessity to survive the challenges of the profession. This impact on school reality leads teachers to (re)signify their work practice to improve their actions in the classroom. Also during this period, teachers will establish interactions with other agents in the school community (supervisors, guidance counselors, directors, teachers) and outside it (family members, professional colleagues from other schools and academic training spaces), building some important logic that may become definitive for their teaching actions. The research was carried out between 2017 and 2018 with five beginning teachers, graduates in the Portuguese Language Degree Course at the Center for Higher Studies in Tefé city at the State University of Amazonas. The general objective was to understand, through training narratives, the implications of initial training in the teaching initiation process of graduates of the Languages course at the Center for Higher Studies in Tefé (AM). The results indicate: a) built learning, from the perspective of graduates of the Portuguese Language course, in initial training and in other training processes and how they were mobilized (or not) at the beginning of teaching; b) difficulties at the beginning of the teaching, how they face them and if initial training subsidies are identified for coping with them; c) practices developed by the beginners, which they consider successful, and which were built from the experiences lived in the initial formation and in other formative experiences.
Ocorrência e distribuição de espécies de Messatoporus Cushman (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) em áreas de Mata Atlântica de Angra dos Reis e Paraty, RJ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Lima, Thalita da Silva; Camargo, Luiza Figueiredo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7659288914273973; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328997237440244
The present work aimed to study the diversity, abundance and taxonomy of parasitoid wasps of the genus Messatoporus, on the islands of Angra dos Reis and Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The collections were carried out in ten areas, between continents and islands on the southern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro. 37 Malaise traps were installed during the period from July 2016 to December 2018, at different altitudes with collections carried out every 15 days. A total of 19,780 Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) were collected, 3,348 belonging to the subfamily Cryptinae, 198 to the genus Messatoporus, where males represented 51% of the collected species and females 49%. Three new species were described: M. sp. nov.1, M. sp. nov. 2 and M. sp. nov. 3, in addition to 15 other morphospecies. The following species were identified: M. aurantius Santos, 2013, M. convexus Santos, 2013, M. ellipsicavus Santos, 2013, M. nigriscutus Santos, 2013, M. opacus Santos, 2013 and M. variegatus Szépligeti, 1916.M. aurantius, M. convexus, M. ellipsicavus, M. nigriscutus, M. opacus, and M. variegatus. The most abundant were morphospecies 10, with 79 individuals collected, and M. ellipsicavus, with 62 specimens collected. The results bring relevant knowledge for the occurrence and diversity of Messatoporus in atlantic forest, including some coastal islands.
Hidrogenação de CO2 sobre catalisadores à base de elementos não-nobres: a influência da composição química do catalisador e de condições reacionais na produção de álcoois
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Santos, Leonardo de Oliveira; Gomes, Janaina Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1367021699029461
Strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and control the increase in atmospheric levels of this gas are urgent. A promising approach to help minimize the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and the corresponding negative environmental impacts includes the use of CO2 as a feedstock for fuel schemes such as methanol and ethanol, for example. These compounds can be synthesized by CO2 hydrogenation through heterogeneous catalysis. Results obtained recently in our research group observed that the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 on pure copper in the presence of water vapor as a source of hydrogen leads to the formation of methanol and ethanol as reaction products at atmospheric pressure. Despite these advances, the system has been underexplored until the moment and some aspects still need to be clarified. Considering the reaction under atmospheric pressure conditions, it is not known about the performance of materials in the absence of water, using only CO2 and H2, and about the impact of the gradual addition of water vapor to the CO2 and H2feed stream in the production of alcohols. Investigations like these are essential for a better understanding of the catalytic system and for identifying reaction conditions favorable to the synthesis of specific products. This aspect will be further explored in this work. Here, CuO and CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized by the (co-)precipitation method. The CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was promoted by wet impregnation with K or Cs. The synthesized materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (ATG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry, N2 physisorption and temperature programmed reduction with H2. Initially, the catalysts were used in the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 with H2. The catalytic performance of Cu and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 was evaluated at a temperature of 473,15 K in molar ratios of H2/CO2 = 1, H2/CO2 = 3 and H2/CO2 = 5. The molar ratio of H2/CO2 = 3 favored the productivity to alcohols and, among the investigated materials, the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was the one that presented the highest productivity of methanol and ethanol, 220 and 0.13 µmol g-1Cuh-1, respectively, at a temperatureof 473,15 K. The addition of water vapor to the CO2 and H2 feed stream resulted in an inhibition of alcohol productivity in the Cu, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3, K-Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 and Cs-Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts. These results indicate that, in the hydrogenation of CO2 in the presence of H2 and water vapour, the adsorption of water competes with the adsorption of other species for active sites of the catalyst, disfavoring the formation of alcohols.
Diagnóstico e proposta para estratégias de mitigação e políticas públicas para a conservação da Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Miranda, Yara Campos; Dupas, Francisco Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5421344818132855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0018928274834963
The fragmentation of habitats from deforestation is one of the main agents of anthropogenic degradation in the Legal Amazon region. As a result, diagnoses that seek to identify priority areas and propose mitigation strategies are essential to guarantee the preservation of the largest tropical forest in the world. In this scenario, programs based on Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) stand out. The objective of this work is to understand the dynamics of deforestation in the Legal Amazon region in order to propose environmental valuation strategies that reconcile economic activities with environmental variables. To this end, initially, a historical analysis of the behavior of hot spots in the Brazilian Amazon was carried out in the period from 2000 to 2020, which resulted in the fact that 76% of the records affect the states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Rondônia, occurred mainly between 2000 and 2010. Also, the data reflect seasonality, in which the foci are concentrated in the dry period, that is, between August and November. With this, it is possible to verify that the region with the highest incidence of fires corresponds to the arc of deforestation, an environment in which public policies and monitoring strategies must be more effective, in order to control the anthropic process of expansion of the agricultural frontier, since most of the recorded fires are of anthropic origin. Faced with such findings, a comparative analysis was carried out between the burned area of the Legal Amazon and the Province of Alberta in Canada, both regions that record the highest numbers of fires in the world. For this purpose, a linear polynomial regression statistical model was used combined with a stochastic volativity model based on burned area data, with both data provided by the relevant environmental agencies. The results demonstrated the influence of meteorological variables on the size of the burned areas, since the largest records correspond to the dry periods in both regions. Also, that public policies for monitoring and regulating activities are fundamental, as they condition a quick response from the registration of hot spots, which favors effective control combined with less severe environmental impacts. From the understanding of the influence of natural and anthropic variables, a comparison was made between two multicriteria methods OWA and WLC in five different scenarios for the identification of priority areas of the legal Amazon, verifying that the state of Mato Grosso is the one that covers the greater territorial extension of priority areas. In addition, it was concluded that both are accessible tools for environmental planning, and the choice between them will depend on the planner's experience and the objective of the work. Based on this identification, an environmental valuation model was proposed for the Nascentes do Rio Xingu Watershed based on calculations of the opportunity cost of Net Present Value (NPV). As a result, it was found that in order to preserve and recover areas classified as a priority by the proposed method, R$ 12,495 billion are needed, of which R$ 4.67 billion are destined for the application of PSA in areas with high priority and very tall. In this way, the data demonstrate that the identification of priority areas favors the planning process, providing valuable data for the allocation of resources and environmental preservation.
Resource Description and Access (RDA): conceitos e relações da RDA Original e do Projeto 3R
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Cavalheiro, Karen Cristina Soares; Arakaki, Felipe Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5324289839207169; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3606856318278865
With the emergence of technologies and the Web, the processes, methodologies and instruments of Information Organization began to undergo transformations, and have been continuously developed for an Information Representation that fits the current digital environments. One of the instruments most used by the library community internationally is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2r). This code was not developed with the intention of representing informational resources in digital and Web environments. Thus, in its latest revised version, the study group responsible for the reviews decided to develop a set of guidelines for resource description and access, the Resource Description and Access (RDA). The RDA was developed by the RDA Steering Committee (RSC) as a set of data elements, or guidelines and instructions for creating metadata for library and cultural heritage resources. These guidelines seek to promote agility, ease, optimization, and better use of the work of Information Science professionals, allowing adaptations to suit different types of libraries and for different user communities. In 2017, the IFLA-LRM conceptual model was published, with the aim of unifying the FRBR, FRAD, FRSAD models, consolidating a single structure as the reference model for libraries. In this context, there is an intensification of the use of Semantic Web technologies, such as Linked Data, which presented a new perspective for description and data linking. With these changes, the RDA Steering Committee group verified the need for a new structure of the RDA, published in June 2022 called 3R Project. This project reformulated the structure of the RDA and aligned with the proposal of the IFLA-LRM. Given this scenario, it was observed that many changes were necessary to adapt the RDA to the IFLA-LRM. That said, the guiding question of this research was: what are the main changes in the RDA with the 3R Project? And what might be the impacts of these changes? Thus, the general objective of this research was to present the changes in the RDA considering the changes developed in the 3R Project. The specific objectives were: to conceptualize the structure and history of the RDA and the 3R Project; Verify the use of the RIMMF as a demonstrative tool for resource cataloging in the context of the RDA (original and 3R Project) and present records using the guidelines before and after the 3R Project. The research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, of a theoretical and qualitative nature. The comparative method was used to analyze the results obtained with the RIMMF 3.0, 4.0 and RDA Toolkit tools. This new perspective based on cataloging in RDA significantly changed the presentation of data, which before in AACR2r was much more focused on adapting to the dimensions of the cataloging file. The emergence of conceptual models impacted on the creations and updates of the RDA. Since then, these publications have presented a new perspective for cataloging. To contemplate the first objective, the concepts, structure and history of the Original RDA and the 3R Project were presented, for the other objectives, the records using the RDA and the 3R Project were presented. It is concluded that the RDA Project 3R caused changes in the RDA Toolkit, in the structure of the RDA guidelines and promoted approximations with the IFLA-LRM and with the Linked data context. Major changes have been made structurally to the RDA so that the IFLA-LRM conceptual model is in line with the current cataloging processes that encompass the RDA.
Soldagem por ponto por fricção das ligas de alumínio 5A06-O/2219-T87: caracterização mecânica e microestrutural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Maranho, José Francisco Caldeira; Yuuki Koga, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3161109063892728
Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is a solid-state joining technique for welding dissimilar and similar materials applied to light alloys and thermoplastics. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of joining the aluminum alloys 5A06-O and 2219-T87 by the refill friction stir spot welding process for aerospace applications, as well as to determine an optimized process condition to maximize the shear strength of the welded joint. By applying Box-Behnken, a design of experiments model, it was possible to determine the model fit and the influence of the process parameters on shear strength, with penetration depth being the most influential parameter, with a contribution of 49.76%. Through a material flow analysis, it was possible to have an understanding of the microstructural formation during the process. The microstructure presented the heat affected zone (HAZ), thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and stir zone (SZ), the latter being divided into the probe influenced zone (SZ-P) and the shoulder influenced zone (SZ-S). In addition, typical geometric features such as the hook and bonding ligament, and a transition region between the HAZ and TMAZ, called onion structure, resulting from mixing between the materials due to tool movement, were also observed. Thermal cycle was measured for the optimized condition, and the temperatures in the zones influenced by the clamping ring, shoulder and probe were 407 ºC, 488 ºC and 498 ºC, respectively. Fractographic analyses, after the shear tests, were performed for the optimized condition tested at room temperature and negative temperature (-55 ºC). For both conditions the fracture occurred by through the weld mode, where the crack initiates and propagates through the bonding ligament. From this study, it was possible to conclude that the RFSSW process presented itself as a suitable alternative for producing welds between 5A06-O/2219-T87 alloys.
Adolescentes em conflito com a lei em Moçambique: uma análise sobre práticas e representações sociais dos diversos intervenientes do sistema de justiça juvenil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Francisco, Tomás Xavier José; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-779X; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8679574170629533
The present research aims to analyze practices and social representations of the various actors of the Juvenile Justice Administration System in Mozambique, namely, judges, prosecutors, officers of the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM), officers of the National Penitentiary Service (SERNAP), defenders of the Institute of Sponsorship and Legal Assistance (IPAJ), on the subject of adolescents in conflict with the law, having as spatial delimitation, the provinces of Maputo and Maputo City, Tete Province and Nampula Province. The work also includes non-state actors to better understand these practices and social representations of the actors in the juvenile justice administration system. The work carried out demonstrates that there are differences of opinion about the phenomenon of the adolescent in conflict with the law and the adolescent itself who is involved in infractions. One of the aspects that demonstrates this divergence is about the entry of adolescents into the ‟world of crime”. There is the representation that they get into crime because they are poor or vulnerable. But there is the representation of moral weakness: addiction, divorce, giving up, which boils down to the following: for some the causes are economic and for others, the cause has to do with the moral problems of the adolescents involved. There are also cases in which the causes have a mixed character, that is, the economic and moral issues of the subjects are seen as causes. Finally, the insufficiency of judicial policies for adolescent care in conflict with the law is concluded. We can see the precariousness of the conditions for serving the sentence, the absence of conditions conducive to the reintegration of young people into school and the absence of differentiated treatment of young people in prison establishments. These absences make it difficult to apply laws that provide for the less severe treatment of adolescents in conflict with the law by juvenile justice, indicating the need for significant advances in the protection of the human rights of young Mozambicans.
Afetividade e sexualidade de jovens em situação de deficiência na Educação Básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-30) Batista, Geisa Cristina; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2335655311900579
Affectivity and sexuality are presented as central dimensions of human beings, which include: their relationship with their bodies and with the bodies of others, emotional bonds, questions about love, sexual intimacy, gender identity, sexual orientation and human reproduction. People with disabilities have access rights to information and knowledge constructions in these areas. This research, with a qualitative approach, aimed to describe the perception that young people with disabilities, enrolled in Basic Education, have about affectivity and sexuality. Eleven young people gave semi-structured interviews between 2020 and 2021. Textual Discursive Analysis was adopted to analyze and interpret the data. The results showed the public school as the common space for the initial development of affective-sexual relationships, and more effectively when it was located in the same residential neighborhood, due to the dynamics in social interactions, in external leisure social events. The few opportunities to access art, sports activities and social events outside the school were factors considered to hinder the development of affective-sexual relationships with peers. This is worrying data, as it makes the achievement of autonomy in the experiences of young people unfeasible. Male latex condoms and non-completion of the sexual act were the knowledge measured against sexually transmitted infections, HIV and unwanted pregnancy, although they did not demonstrate experiences with proper use. Surveillance in the residential space, in friendships and in speeches to delay the beginning of affective-sexual relationships have been shown to cause fear, insecurity, guilt and conceptions about sexual acts related to the badness of other people in relation to their bodies, making it impossible to think about body touch , caresses and sex as something that should be pleasurable. It was detected: a) incidence of sexual violence with participants and with their acquaintances, whose perpetrators were men known from the family and school environment; b) lack of knowledge about social movements that fight against gender inequalities and prejudices; c) despite family prohibitions, both affective and sexual experiences were being carried out according to individual possibilities, in possible contexts and spaces; and d) absence of school education in affectivity and sexuality. It is considered that a more supportive, less violent society is built, sexually speaking, when education in affectivity and sexuality is provided, as well as access to art and sports activities that provide well-being and pleasure, as a way of developing a healthy youth physically and psychologically. It is thought that the viability of this adequate training allows for more assertive awareness and attitudes. Research is suggested on transgenerational sexual violence, in childhood and adolescence, with the aim of finding out whether it was perceived as initiation to sexual pleasures or sexual violence. Academic learning and the use of assistive technologies in Basic Education can also be the subject of future investigations.