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Comparação entre métodos de classificação para elaboração de mapas de uso e ocupação da terra do município da Campina do Monte Alegre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Braga, Carlos Alexandre Fornazier; Toledo, André Marcondes Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1920147531988000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1972916165528714
This work aimed to characterize land use and occupation in Campina do Monte Alegre (SP), comparing two classification methods based on the use of geotechnologies. In this context, software ArcGIS version 10.4.1 and QGIS version 3.26.3 were used for data processing and presentation of results. One of the methodologies chosen was the classification based on the Dzetsaka Classification Tool, which automatically classifies land use and occupation. Another methodology was the manual classification by photointerpretation, delimiting the land use and occupation classes. CBERS-4A images, obtained at the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), were used for the two classification methods. The areas were quantified in metric units and percentages, with the following classes established in the work: agricultural activity, native vegetation, exposed soil, urbanization and body of water. An analysis was carried out in relation to the Law for the Protection of Native Vegetation (LPVN) in order to make a diagnosis of the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs). The indices used to evaluate the classification indicate that the quality of the automatic classification is not satisfactory considering the size and level of detail required for the area under study. In this work it was possible to verify that, regardless of the chosen program, the result of the research will not be affected, therefore the free software works perfectly in obtaining the products/maps listed here. For the mapping of the Municipality of Campina do Monte Alegre, the most viable option is the photo interpretation, considering that the size of the municipality allows the use of this method. Finally, it was possible to prove that the municipality has irregularities (environmental liabilities) in relation to the permanent preservation area related to watercourses.
Proposta de uma ferramenta conceitual para apoiar a implementação da Economia Circular no setor têxtil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Prado, Nátalie Martins; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1792; Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009165247354319; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-0382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2627925228246892; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-2492
The textile sector is representative due to the continental dimensions that its activities occur throughout the value chain, which contributes to significant economic, environmental and social impacts, presenting opportunities for improvement at the operational and strategic levels towards sustainable development in production and consumption models. In this sense, the Circular Economy approach includes benefits from the perspectives of sustainability to contribute to overcoming challenges in the management of the operational stages of companies. Thus, this dissertation aimed to propose a conceptual tool (IntegraEC) to assist the integration of the Circular Economy in the textile sector. The theoretical basis addressed topics on the general context of the textile sector, the integration and challenges of the Circular Economy in the textile sector, circular business models and practices for the transition of the sector. The research method was based on the hypothetical-deductive approach, with a Systematic Bibliographic Review (RBS) and documentary analysis being carried out for the theoretical development of the pilot tool. A survey was conducted with academic experts and representatives of textile companies to analyze the tool. Data collection was performed using a form, and finally, a qualitative content analysis was performed to improve the final version of the tool. The results present the proposal of IntegraEC, which is an objective, quantitative and flexible self-assessment instrument regarding the adoption of more circular actions, increasing the level of competitiveness, in addition to helping to identify risks and opportunities to complement the understanding of circular performance. However, it is essential that the tool is still applied in multiple case studies to deepen its final validation.
Desvendando as fezes de felinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Frasnelli, Julyenne Christynne Escrivani; Blankenheim, Thalita Masoti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4940679178638369; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5638118909152460
Feline excreta have been the object of study for years by several researchers. This survey recorded the biological and behavioral aspects of the feces of this group of animals. Why is feces buried at certain times and left exposed at others? What are the meanings? Does domestication and human influence affect this act as well? The first chapter of this work aims to systematize this knowledge and answer the questions presented. In addition to a critical synthesis of this theme, differences and sanitary interference, another question: do owners know the atavistic needs of domestic cats and do they provide an environment endowed with well-being and safety? With that in mind, the second chapter of this work was developed on the theme of a manual with informal language, to teach cat lovers about their primary needs in urban homes, as well as the best way to interact with them, targeting their potential mesopredator species. In the third chapter, we developed a didactic material in a playful way for children between six and seven years old, demonstrating the different roles of feline feces, elucidating the differences between felines that are close (domestic cats) and free-living ones. This work aims to contribute to awareness, knowledge and respect for the needs of cats (including free-living ones) and to awaken interest in the conservation of this animal group.
Otimização dos parâmetros de torneamento para melhoria da estabilidade do chatter baseada em diagramas de lóbulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Ferreira, Guilherme Norri; Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
Machining processes dominate the manufacturing industry, being vital for the delivery consumer goods with reliability and quality, but some self-excited phenomenon such as chatter are limiting in the delivery of these objectives. There are studies that define turning parameters to obtain stability and instabilities, one of the techniques employed is the lobe diagram method, which uses a dependence between the spindle rotation and the depth of cut limit to generate graphs that explain the vibration behavior of the system. Many authors have proposed different methodologies and tools seeking to minimize the occurrence of chatter, whether developing complex dynamic models and analyzing the effect of machining parameters, or testing tools with different materials in order to promote more stable vibration behavior. However, many previous solutions proved to be too complex to actually be used or even ineffective, thus lacking a more targeted approach. This study focuses on the development of a dynamic modeling of turning based on a carbide specimen, generating lobe diagrams that will serve as a basis for the use of an optimization strategy that is capable of identifying process stability, delivering an analysis of optimum performance ranges. The results obtained revealed the great interference of the feed in stability and the need for a sweep of all combinations, since there is no clear profile that allows defining consistent application ranges, even with the use of different tools, in addition, the The cost functions used did not prove to be sufficiently robust to contemplate all criteria relevant to the context of turning. In short, the study proved to be valid, practical and applicable to the context of minimizing chatter and maximizing productivity and quality.
Os Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) e os impactos das mudanças na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB): um estudo em uma região do interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Casotti, Nathalia Denardi; Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780408703746760; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5532976832067773; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9746-6523
The Family Health Support Centers (NASF) emerged in 2008 with the aim of supporting the Family Health Strategies (ESF) teams and expanding the scope of Primary Care (PC) actions. In 2017, with the publication of a new National Primary Care Policy (PNAB), other forms of PC organization were recognized; there was a change in the NASF nomenclature, which is now called the Expanded Family Health and Primary Care Center (NASF-AB); among other changes. PC's funding also changed in 2019, with the implementation of the Previne Brasil Program, which ended up withdrawing funding from the NASF-AB. Given these current PC policies and considering the importance of maintaining the NASF-AB teams in the articulation of health care networks and in supporting comprehensive care in PC, the general objective of this research was to study the work of the NASF-AB in the region of DRS 3 – Araraquara, seeking to identify if there are, and what are, the repercussions of the changes implemented by the PNAB in recent years. This research was a qualitative and exploratory study. In the first stage of the research, an online questionnaire was sent to health managers in the municipalities of DRS 3 – Araraquara, with the objective of mapping the NASF-AB teams in the region, as well as their current work processes. In the second stage, focus groups were held with NASF-AB workers and professionals who were part of teams that were deactivated. In the first stage, the 24 municipalities answered the questionnaire, where it can be seen that 14 municipalities have NASF-AB teams, most of which have been operating for between 5 and 10 years. Individual consultations are the work processes most carried out by these teams and matrix support meetings are the least mentioned by managers, where most also did not identify the impact of the PNAB on their NASF-AB teams. In the second stage, it can be identified that, during the implementation of most of the NASF-AB teams, the needs of the territory, where they would work, were not considered and that the professionals were relocated from other points of the network. Like the managers, the workers did not identify the impacts of the PNAB on their work, but they pointed out numerous perceptions about Previne Brasil, such as difficulty in purchasing materials, expanding teams and even worsening the relationship with PC teams. In addition, they perceived the COVID-19 pandemic as an aggravating factor to the existing difficulties at work, which currently takes place in a disjointed way with the AB teams, with great difficulty in resuming collective activities. The support of the municipal management in implementing the NASF-AB was little recognized by the workers. It is concluded that there are countless challenges for the work of the NASF-AB to occur from the perspective of comprehensiveness; that Previne Brasil was a policy that discouraged matrix support in the territories and that research is needed to investigate the work of the NASF-AB in the “new” primary care teams, as well as studies that discuss new work arrangements where the NASF-AB is actually inserted in the AB.
Mapeamento de aagravos em fauna silvestre urbana no município de São Paulo e cidades vizinhas através de animais recebidos no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres do Parque Ecológico do Tietê – CRAS-PET
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03) Petri, Bruno Simões Sergio; Rassy, Fabricio Braga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716428943268681; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6441116870891367
With urbanization rates increasing globally, there is an immediate need to understand the type and nature of human-wildlife interactions. The state of São Paulo, located in the southeastern region of Brazil, together with the municipality of São Paulo (state capital) have one of the highest urbanization rates in the country, making this type of encounter (human being X wildlife) inevitable at some point. The wildlife rehabilitation center of Tietê park (CRAS – PET) is located in the east zone of the city of São Paulo and is one of the largest wildlife rehabilitations centers in the country in terms of number of animals received, the data collected there could elucidate in an unprecedented way what happens in the municipality and neighboring cities. Through the institution's electronic database, the causes of admission of 9828 animals were individually evaluated, which occurred between the years 2015 and 2021, from the capital and 12 other municipalities in greater São Paulo, of which 6303 animals belonged to the class AVE, 3148 belonging to the MAMMAL class and 377 to the REPTLIA class, with the city of São Paulo having the highest number of occurrences, with 58.6% of all animals received. After individual assessment of the animals' data, the injuries were classified into 5 major groups: Infectious Diseases, Occasional Capture, Orphanage, Splay leg and Trauma. In the AVE class, trauma was the main injury found, with collision being the most common type of trauma; Orphanage was the most important for MAMMAL and Occasional Capture for REPTILIA. For geocoding the addresses referring to the place where the injury occurred, the Geopy open source in Python was used and for mapping, free Qgis software was used with shapefiles of public domain. From the construction of the maps and application of the Kernel density estimation, it was possible to identify the main places in São Paulo and neighboring cities that most impact the urban wildlife, showing that, in the municipality of São Paulo, neighborhoods close to protected areas environment (urban parks) present higher and more constant numbers of injured animals.