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Ensino remoto e saúde mental: vivências de estudantes do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Silva, Carla Leitão da; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9666537602012672
The social distance imposed by covid-19 suddenly changed human interactions. For a long time, schools operated only through remote teaching. By using digital means, remote learning could not serve all students, negatively impacting the schooling processes of a significant portion of this population. Moreover, removing this interaction environment typical to young people meant that many students did not have the experiences that many of these subjects would have without the context of the pandemic. During this period, difficulties in the schooling process, including excessive work and tests and low future perspectives, were recurrent reports from young people. All these aspects were pointed out as causing psychosocial suffering in young people during the remote education period. Thus, this research aims to understand how remote learning and its consequences impacted the mental health of young high school students. To this end, the fieldwork was developed using two synchronous online focus groups with high school students from the cities of Santos, São Paulo, and Sorocaba, who are members of Scientific Initiation to High School (IC-EM) projects. The results obtained through this study indicate that the main complaints of these students included: (1) disorganization of classes; (2) lack of emotional support from schools; (3) uncertainties about their choice of profession; (4) feelings of little or no school learning; and (5) reports of bullying. In addition, we identified which strategies these young people used to face possible episodes of mental suffering.
Brincar e formação docente: um estudo a respeito de brinquedotecas universitárias brasileiras (1984 a 2022)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Jorge, Beatriz Fernanda; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5714868742261094
The historical process of education is also related to the concepts built on the ludic and playing over time and the impacts of the same events on the conception of childhood and humanity. Understanding that these processes are interconnected to different aspects of society (cultural, economic, political, etc.), history becomes very relevant to understanding the relationship between changes in the social environment and how humanity is built and related. In this work, the study focus on the toy library, an environment where one can observe and reflect on how social relationships take place, from demands that emerge from communities and in group coexistence through the ludic and play. Thinking about this space in the course of history and occupying the places of research, the way events are recorded are also crucial to understanding social relations and their directions. The research proposes a mapping of Brazilian university toy libraries (from 1984 to 2020) and their conceptions about playing, promoting a historical analysis of their construction process and reflecting on the space of the toy library and teacher training. It is established a dialogue with the university toy library as a space for playing, emerging a relationship with culture as a social factor and a formative aspect, in the construction of knowledge, in public policies and in the strengthening of social relations through playfulness, playing and toys. The research has a qualitative character, using bibliographic analysis in the state of knowledge, documents and public policies and interviews to achieve its objectives.
O comportamento do consumidor no desperdício de alimentos em domicílios brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Deliberador, Lucas Rodrigues; César, Aldara da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7269278746075136; Batalha, Mario Otávio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4531645163227449
Food waste represents one third of all food produced globally. While this problem is characteristic of developed countries, Brazil is among the nations that waste the most food, which adds to the challenge of feeding 52 million people who still live in a situation of food insecurity in the country. In order to contribute towards mitigating the problem, this study identified how aspects of consumer behavior influence food waste in Brazilian households. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), it was identified the drivers that may lead consumers to waste food in their homes. An analytical framework based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was proposed to empirically measure these determinants of food waste. For this analysis, the study conducted a survey of 2047 Brazilian consumers. Structural Equation Modeling was used as a data analysis technique. The results confirmed eleven of the seventeen proposed hypotheses. Environmental concerns, economic concerns, feelings of guilt, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control had significant causality on consumers' intention to reduce food waste. On the other hand, perceived behavioral control, intention, home planning, convenience food consumption, suboptimal food consumption, and good provider identity had significant causality on food wasting behavior. With the results of the study, it is expected, in addition to understanding the behavior of Brazilian consumers regarding food waste in households, to contribute to waste prevention policies and develop future research agendas in this area. In addition to these contributions, the study may contribute to the scarce literature on this theme in emerging countries.
Por uma escuta das vozes na escola: relações de gênero nos sons da educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Cáceres, Isabela Muniz dos Santos; Auad, Daniela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8903433226323112; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9146098818476197
With qualitative inspiration, the present research analyses a set of documents present in the bibliographies of civil service examinations from the public teaching network, in the initial training and in the service of teachers of Physical Education in the São Paulo State Network. Such documents are the Law of Guidelines and Bases, the National Curriculum Parameters, the São Paulo State Curriculum, the Common National Base, São Paulo Curriculum, as well as support materials for the Physical Education Curriculum. The work methodology, therefore, is placed in the perspective of documentary and bibliographical study, focusing on recent feminist and gender studies, as well as considering, through critical analysis, the legacy of the military dictatorship present in the field of physical education. In this way, it is a research that is justified by expressing and analysing the movement of tension of these elements, from which physical education in schools is built today. On the one hand, in the aforementioned tension, there are representative approaches to heteronormativity as a political regime, which silences everything that does not attend the dominant norms and standards; on the other hand, there is co-education and feminist ideas articulated to the bibliographies of competitions and continuing physical education. From this dynamic, a disputed educational scene emerges, where weaknesses and gaps appear, as well as achievements and challenges. If, in various ways, physical education is still based on medical, military and technical precepts, in other ways, a choir of other sounds emerges from the school scene, in the voices of the school, whether from and for Physical Education, whether from and for the whole society. In this sense, it is still necessary to explore the recent achievement of support materials for the Paulista Curriculum of Physical Education, which correspond to resistance to the traditional field of Physical Education, offering greater visibility of new subjects and constant combat to inequalities. These resistances and conquests arise as a result of the accumulation from the categories gender, race and generation arising from social movements and educational research and echoing inside the school and, from there, to the whole society.
A dimensão axiológica no processo de alfabetização: análise da Base Nacional Comum Curricular à luz de Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Lima, Tácyla Agum Theotonio de; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1982172954373751
The theme of this study reflects the axiological dimension of the National Common Curricular Basis (NCCB) in the literacy process, in the light of Paulo Freire's pedagogy. This work is the result of a critical analysis of the Portuguese Language subject in the Early Years of Elementary School I, at the NCCB using Freire's critical-liberating pedagogy as an analytical framework. The main objective of the research is to investigate the axiological character of the proximities and distances between the literacy process present in the NCCB and in critical-liberating education. The main objective of the research is to investigate the axiological character of the proximities and distances between the literacy process present in the NCCC and the critical-liberating education. This research presents a qualitative approach using bibliographic research and document analysis. It was necessary to analyze the theoretical-methodological foundation of the NCCB and its curricular structure to understand the conception of education present in this document, to reach the axiological dimension that directs it. In order to perform the documental analysis, we selected the following Freirean categories: reading the articulated words and the world; think right; authentic praxis. The main results of the research are: 1) The conception of the literacy process set out in the NCCB shows a distance from Freire's pedagogy and close proximity to banking education, denounced by Freire; 2) The literacy process proposed in the NCCB presents a reductionist, empiricist and associationist character; and 3) The axiological dimension focused on the literacy process present in the NCCB is based on theoretically and methodologically grounded values in the concept of traditional education.
Letras, ladeiras e o cuidar de si: autoetnografia de um artista periférico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Ceriaco, Michel da Silva da; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4659492007158408
This dissertation presents the biography of a black writer and cultural producer from the outskirts of São Paulo, starting in the 1990s. Through a qualitative autoethnographic research, it starts from his encounter with Hip Hop and Rap, in dialogue with other works by artists and collectivities, to describe and analyze, in the recent context, the expansion of the focus and actions of cultural movements from the periphery around themes such as health, self-care, take care of yourself, and good living. It takes as a starting point the studies of Daniela Versiani and Fabiene Gama on autoethnography; analyzes of cultural movements in the periphery, by Érica Peçanha and Renato Almeida; Rap and Hip Hop, by Ricardo Plácido, Marília Sposito and Guilherme Botelho; the theories of Grada Kilomba and Sueli Carneiro on the silencing, disqualification and annulment of the discourse of black people in hegemonic spaces, as well as reflections on the potential spaces of life and good living, according to Kota Mulangi and Alberto Acosta. Considering the importance of the educational processes that occur beyond the school walls, it shows how artistic collectivities promote new theoretical and practical perspectives to reinvent the protagonism and the way of being and being in the peripheries, as well as the re-elaboration of the subjects' thinking and practice /as and collectives from the outskirts on topics such as health, self-care, take care of yourself and good living.
O isolamento social afetou o número de registros de duas espécies de Tyrannidae (Aves; Passeriformes) no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Peixoto, Beatriz Pereira; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1301561637992999
On the 11th of March of 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of the coronavirus was characterized as a pandemic, which led to an abrupt change of the urban dynamic environment, that is called the “anthropause” by some authors. Thus, with less presence of humans in the urban centers, it was possible to observe some changes in bird behavior. This paper aimed to check if social distancing would have a significant impact on the records of 2 bird species in cities of the state of São Paulo. The project was executed during the pandemic, therefore, because of the circulation restrictions, it was conducted remotely, through online databases. The paper also expects to contribute to the study of the great impact that the unprecedented social distancing and change on the urban environments had on birds. Our hypothesis was that there would be a significant raise in the number of records of birds, in the period of the lockdowns, based on the less interference of humans in urban centers. Confirming our hypothesis, there was a significant difference in the number of records; however contradicting our predictions, the number of records was lower due to the social distancing. Overall, this result was attributed to some factors, including the limitations that the social distancing brought to the observers.
Questões de projeção literária em contexto digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Pereira, Claudia Maria de Serrão; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-0726; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7136555331134427; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4114-8872
Esta investigación analiza cómo los algoritmos, en el período técnico-científico-informativo (SANTOS, 2000), interfieren en la circulación literaria. Por lo tanto, consideramos que el algoritmo es un tipo de medio, ya que es un objeto técnico que está constituido por Materia Organizada (MO) y por Organización Materializada (OM) (DEBRAY, 1993). Por tanto, esto interfiere en la circulación de libros por medio de la creación de rankings y menciones en el ambiente digital. Considerando que este tipo de investigación tiene relevancia para los estudios literarios, buscamos comprender la lógica operativa discursiva técnica del algoritmo a partir de los enfoques de Salgado (2021) sobre la cibercultura y la cultura digital. En línea, con los estudios de la autora, también aprovechamos la teoría de Milton Santos (2000) sobre flujos, velocidad, competencia y competitividad en el período técnico-científico-informativo. Para la constitución del se realizaron estudios de casos con el objetivo de generar hipótesis y buscar respuestas por medio de casos aislados, lo que resultó en: La librería infinita; El algoritmo es el nuevo librero; Rankings en el ambiente digital. Además, también analizamos la circulación del libro Torto Arado (2019), de Itamar Vieira Júnior, en el ambiente digital. Se hizo la elección de este libro por su notoriedad en las redes sociales y en los rankigs de PublishNews de 2019 a 2021. Para el análisis de la circulación del libro Torto Arado, utilizamos de la investigación bibliográfica y documental y del enfoque discursivo francés de Dominique Maingueneau (2014) sobre los espacios literarios y la paratopia criadora. El material utilizado fue menciones en sitios web; el premio Revista GQ en el año 2021; la entrevista en el programa Roda Viva (2021); y el ranking de Google Trends (2019-2022). Como resultado de la investigación, concluimos que los algoritmos son catalizadores del cambio en la circulación literaria y la autoría en el ambiente digital. Palavra claves: Algoritmos. Circulación Literaria. Discurso
Comprometimento endotelial, recuperação funcional e efeitos da ventilação não invasiva em pacientes hospitalizados: uma contribuição para as populações COVID-19 e DPOC exacerbada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Heubel, Alessandro Domingues; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268406461810882
Endothelial dysfunction influences in multiple disease conditions, including COVID-19 and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD). In COVID-19, although the endothelium plays an important role in the worsening and complications of the disease, little is known about the characteristics that contribute to endothelial dysfunction during acute viral infection. In patients with ECOPD, while noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a frequently used tool in the management of respiratory failure, the effects of this therapy on endothelial function are not known. Furthermore, in addition to vascular dysfunction, ECOPD hospitalized patients tend to have decreased exercise tolerance, which may persist for months. In this context, little is known about the role of muscle strength in the recovery of exercise capacity. Therefore, this PhD thesis is composed of 3 studies that aimed to elucidate the presented knowledge gaps. Study 1 – Objective: To identify determinants of endothelial dysfunction in patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 109 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in noncritical status. Clinical data (age, sex, comorbidities and medications) and body mass index (BMI) were obtained. Laboratory tests included serum hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein, ferritin, D-dimer, and creatinine. Physical function was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer. Endothelial function was assessed non-invasively using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) method. Results: The sample average age was 51 years, 51% were male, and the most frequent comorbidity was obesity (62%). Univariate analysis showed association of lower FMD with higher BMI, hypertension, use of oral antihypertensive, higher blood levels of creatinine, and larger baseline artery diameter. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate analysis showed BMI as the major factor associated with FMD (95% CI -0.26, -0.11; P < 0.001). Other factors associated with FMD were baseline artery diameter (95% CI -1.77, -0.29; P = 0.007) and blood levels of creatinine (95% CI -1.99, -0.16; P = 0.022). Conclusion: BMI was the main factor associated with endothelial dysfunction in non-critically hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which may explain one of the pathways in which obesity may increase the risk for severe disease. Study 2 – Objective: Quasi-experimental study including 21 ECOPD patients that were assessed in a hospital ward setting from 24 to 48 hours after admission. NIV was applied using a ventilator with bilevel pressure support. Before and after NIV protocol, patients were evaluated regarding endothelial function (FMD method) and arterial blood gas analysis. Other baseline evaluations included clinical and anthropometric data, and laboratory tests. Results: The total group showed a significant improvement in FMD as a result of NIV effect (P = 0.010). While arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen were not altered, oxygen saturation increased after NIV (P = 0.045). The subgroup comparison of responders (FMD ≥ 1%) and non-responders (FMD < 1%) showed significant baseline differences in BMI (P = 0.019) and predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (P = 0.007). In univariate and multivariate analyses, both BMI and FEV1 were determinant for endothelial response to NIV. Conclusion: NIV acutely improves endothelial function in hospitalized ECOPD patients. Overweight and disease severity may represent important characteristics for the magnitude of vascular response. Study 3 – Objective: To assess whether respiratory and peripheral muscle strength influence recovery of exercise capacity in patients hospitalized due to ECOPD. Methods: Observational prospective study including 27 ECOPD patients (aged 69 ± 7 years, 56% male). The following assessments were performed within 24 to 72 hours of hospital admission: (i) respiratory muscle strength, measured by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP); (ii) peripheral muscle strength, assessed by handgrip and quadriceps muscle strength; and (iii) exercise capacity, measured by 6-min walking distance (6MWD). The 6MWD was reassessed 30 days later to determine the recovery of exercise capacity. Results: After 30 days, while 63% of the patients showed clinically important improvement in the 6MWD (recovery ≥ 30 m), 37% showed no change (recovery < 30 m). During hospital stay, the non-recovered group had lower quadriceps muscle strength compared to the recovered group (15 ± 5 vs. 22 ± 6 kgf; P = 0.006), with no significant difference for MIP, MEP and handgrip strength. Only quadriceps muscle strength was associated with recovery of exercise capacity (r = 0.56; P = 0.003). Conclusion: ECOPD patients with quadriceps muscle weakness during hospitalization have poor recovery of exercise capacity after 30 days. This finding suggests the importance of early rehabilitation to improve quadriceps strength and accelerate functional recovery after ECOPD. Final considerations and future directions: Given the findings, we conclude: (1) Obesity is the condition that most contributes to endothelial dysfunction during acute COVID-19. Although this finding suggests one of the pathways for severe COVID-19 in obese patients, we consider it essential that longitudinal studies investigate whether this greater impairment of endothelial function represents a worsening of clinical outcomes; (2) NIV acutely improves endothelial function in patients with ECOPD. Although this knowledge indicates a new therapeutic perspective for the NIV use, future investigations should address the modulating mechanisms of this response, as well as verify whether this acute benefit translates into improved clinical outcomes; (3) In ECOPD patients, decreased quadriceps strength during hospitalization is associated with worse recovery of exercise capacity after 30 days. This finding highlights the importance of considering early pulmonary rehabilitation, starting during hospitalization. However, evidence on this subject is still insufficient and high-quality clinical studies are needed.
O Projeto “Creche & Vida”: História do atendimento a bebês e crianças pequenas na Educação Infantil pública de Sorocaba, SP. (1989 a 1992)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Aceituno, Gabriela; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9787048458711616
This dissertation recovers the historical context of care for babies and young children after the Federal Constitution of 1988, in Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, and analyzes the “Creche & Vida” project. The objective is to know, recognize and communicate the dimensions of continuing education and pedagogical work with babies and very young children in this project, in addition to documenting childhood care during this period. As specific objectives, we have: to map and document the history of early childhood education in Sorocaba from the project “Creche & Vida”; relate and recognize history by valuing continuing education; get to know the conceptions of nursery, children, education and assistance for this project; to investigate ruptures and permanences in the historical process of the constitution of the teaching profession in day care centers. The research, in its methodological organization, is of a qualitative, bibliographical and documental nature, and is carried out from the reading of theses, articles, books and documents referring to the history of the day care center in the country, with attention to the process in Sorocaba, including the laws federal, state and municipal education and childhood, also analyzing news from newspapers published in the city. In addition, reinforcing the qualitative nature, the research also has episodic interviews as sources, with people who worked in daycare centers during the term of the “Creche & Vida” project, that is, between the years 1989 and 1992. the interviews carried out make it possible to identify advances achieved by the day care center over the years and also provoke reflection on various topics relevant to the quality of care for babies and young children, such as teacher learning, public policies and investments, the day care center as a educational space, considering educating and caring, as well as the infrastructure and pedagogical work, paying attention to respect for childhood and children, playing and the presence of the teacher in the day care institution.
Uso dos mapas conceituais como instrumento de mediação pedagógica em tempos de pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-14) Ferreira, Naylson; Santos Junior, João Batista dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7930664955100898
This study aims to analyze the possibilities of pedagogical mediation promoted using concept maps as a didactic tool by the chemistry teacher, in the context of school activities during the period of health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Conceptual maps are graphic organizers used to represent knowledge, created in the 70s. This work is qualitative research, of the case study type, whose target audience were students of the second year of high school, in the subject of chemistry, in a public state school, located in the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, in addition to the participation of the teacher responsible for this discipline. For the development of the work, initially the students participated in a workshop to learn the fundamentals of conceptual mapping, later activities were elaborated that covered the contents studied in the two-month period, using the maps as a methodological strategy. Additionally, the teacher's records regarding the work developed were used. These records collaborated with the discussions about the pedagogical mediation process. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to point out that the use of conceptual maps as a didactic pedagogical tool contributed to the promotion of an environment of questioning, interaction and dialogue regarding the themes addressed in the conceptual maps elaborated by the students. These elements were essential to indicate the pertinence of using this graphic organizer as an instrument that enhances pedagogical mediation, reiterated by the teacher in his reports and discussed in the context of this research based on the analysis of the students' activities. The importance of training students in the conceptual mapping technique performed remotely during the period of emergency remote teaching was also highlighted, by facilitating the continuous use of maps by teachers and students, and also by having been an event that encouraged the participation of the students in virtual meetings.