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Toward characterizing cardiovascular fitness using machine learning based on unobtrusive data
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Frade, Maria Cecília Moraes; Beltrame, Thomas; Gois, Mariana de Oliveira; Pinto, Allan; Tonello, Sílvia Cristina Garcia de Moura; Torres, Ricardo da Silva; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6097087590703304; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2208258374880078; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833275596343916; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1044361149989467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790201696145434; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a non-invasive approach to measure the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), which is an index to assess cardiovascular fitness (CF). However, CPET is not available to all populations and cannot be obtained continuously. Thus, wearable sensors are associated with machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate CF. Therefore, this study aimed to predict CF by using ML algorithms using data obtained by wearable technologies. For this purpose, 43 volunteers with different levels of aerobic power, who wore a wearable device to collect unobtrusive data for 7 days, were evaluated by CPET. Eleven inputs (sex, age, weight, height, and body mass index, breathing rate, minute ventilation, total hip acceleration, walking cadence, heart rate, and tidal volume) were used to predict the VO2 max by support vector regression (SVR). Afterward, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to explain their results. SVR was able to predict the CF, and the SHAP method showed that the inputs related to hemodynamic and anthropometric domains were the most important ones to predict the CF. Therefore, we conclude that the cardiovascular fitness can be predicted by wearable technologies associated with machine learning during unsupervised activities of daily living.
Espiritualidade e sobrecarga de cuidadoras idosas com e sem dificuldade para dormir
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Iroldi, Grazielle Ferreira; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-8600; Inouye, Keika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558935747100052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3570-0704; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8714970263781539; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-7280
Spirituality and overload of women older caregivers with and without difficulty sleeping In the Brazilian context, the responsibility for caring for the older people is commonly attributed to female family members. Daily care tasks can lead to complaints related to difficulty sleeping, generate overload, affect physical and mental health, as well as reduce the time the caregiver spends on work, spiritual and leisure activities. This research aims to verify whether there is an association between self-reported difficulty sleeping, overload and spirituality of women older caregivers of elderly people. This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study that will compare data from older women who are informal caregivers of older people treated at Family Health Units in the city of São Carlos - SP, divided into two groups: (a) Group of womem older caregivers without self-reported sleeping difficulties (b) Group of womem older caregivers with self-reported sleeping difficulties. The data collection instruments used were: (a) Characterization Form for Womem Older Caregivers, (b) Spirituality Assessment Scale by Pinto and Pais-Ribeiro and (c) Zarit Burden Scale – Short Version. The data obtained were entered into a bank using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows program to carry out descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. The sample had a mean age of 68.92 years (Md=67.00; xmín=60,00; xmáx=98,00),), 3.67 years of schooling (Md=4.00; xmín=0,00; xmáx=18,00), individual and family income of 0 .89 and 3.10 minimum wages (individual and family, respectively). Most were married or had a partner (91.3%, n=240), white (68.1%, n=179), Catholic (63.9%, n=168), practicing a religion (81 .4%, n=214), retired (61.2%, n=161), with insufficient income perception (52.2%, n=138) and without health insurance (79.5%, n=209). With regard to the characteristics of care, the responsibility of caring for the spouse was the most frequent (n=230, 87.5%) followed by parents (n=17, 6.5%) and siblings (n=12, 4, 6%). The care, for the most part, was performed without training (n=255, 97.0%), for long periods of time (M=122.37 months, Md=60.0, xMín=0,00; xMáx=708,00) and long hours daily (M=6.00, Md=4.00, xMín=1,00; xMáx=24,00). The prevalence of self-reported difficulty sleeping was 51.7%. Comparative analyzes revealed significant differences between groups, caregivers with difficulty sleeping presenting the highest total burden score (U=7328.00; p=0.034) and caregivers without difficulty sleeping presenting the highest total spirituality score (U=7270.50; p=0.020). It is concluded that womem older caregivers with sleeping difficulties have a greater burden and less spirituality when compared to caregivers without sleeping difficulties.
Redes sociais (social networks) de deslocados/as pelo conflito sírio no Brasil: a solidão como articuladora de experiências migratórias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Silva, Juliana Carneiro da; Machado, Igor José de Renó; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5088695914314720
This study analyzes the relationship between forced displacement and social networks in the context of people displaced by the Syrian conflict in Brazil. The field study was performed intermittently between 2018 and 2022 using participant observation, informal conversations and semi-structured interviews, initially in the city of São Bernardo do Campo; with the pandemic of COVID-19, and the resulting shift from field study to the digital environment, the study included people displaced by the Syrian conflict living in other Brazilian cities as well. Mediation occurred mainly through an online course of Portuguese for migrants where I taught as a voluntary teacher in 2020 and 2021. Here, the social networks are assessed under several perspectives – practical support, family relationships, marriage arrangements, sociability, and emotional support – that reveal that loneliness traverses all aspects of the participants’ lives. Thus, I argue that loneliness, although not an all-encompassing feeling, articulates the experiences of these migrants amid the forced displacement and the forging of their lives in Brazil, to the extent that not only it is produced within these several aspects, but also indicates the relationship between them: sometimes loneliness produced in one aspect increases the loneliness created in another (as happens in the relation with the State in face of the public policies of reception and the creation of networks where they can get practical support), sometimes it is expected that some parts of life can alleviate loneliness and absences felt in other parts (marriage is seen by some participants as such an event since it is invested of potential to offer moments of sociability, sources of practical and emotional support and/or job opportunities, something that Zbeidy (2020b) has pointed out in her studies in Jordan). I also show that, although articulating those migrant experiences, the loneliness I have found in the field is not homogeneous, being present in several ways in their lives
Metadados e os princípios FAIR: um estudo dos repositórios de dados de pesquisa em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Bonetti, Letícia Guarany; Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1895977717955732
In the context of e-Science, there is a large production of data by researchers. Research data demand a high degree of contextualization and need proper management in repositories, in order to maximize its benefits, such as increased visibility for the researcher and for an institution. But to do so, it is not enough to make them available on the web, it is necessary to pay attention to international good practices that aim to increase the integrity and value of data, as is the case with the FAIR principles. Through an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualiquantitative approach, this study aims to assess the level of compliance of research data deposited in institutional repositories regards to the FAIR principles. The sample consists of repositories of the State of São Paulo mapped in the metasearch engine of the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. Data were collected with the help of the F-UJI tool, then compiled into Google Sheets for analysis. It was possible to verify that the interoperable and reusable facets were the most difficult to adhere to, with most datasets obtaining a score of 0 or 1 out of a maximum of 4, and a score of 1 or 2 out of a maximum of 10, respectively. The findable facet was the one with the greatest adherence by the datasets, which reached scores such as 6, 4 and 3.5 out of a maximum of 7. The best evaluated datasets were deposited in repositories using Dataverse (Unicamp e UFABC), and all six repositories in the sample used the Dublin Core. Overall, the scores received by the sample datasets were low, with the highest adherence equal to 50% and the lowest 14%. Feedback was given to all six institutions, which could be guided to implement the FAIR principles, aiming for more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable datasets. From the results, it was possible to suggest a minimum set of 15 descriptive metadata elements for the representation of research data.
Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de bactérias patogênicas isoladas em sistema de tratamento de água negra simulada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Santana, Ana Beatriz; Sueitt, Ana Paula Erbetta; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0153508580030437; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-5065; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-1460; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3924788337477536; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1435-8903
The discharge of untreated domestic sewage compromises water quality, leading to imbalance in receiving bodies and enhancing the influx of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic-resistant strains, thereby posing a significant public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of removing total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp., and to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. at different stages of a simulated blackwater treatment system. Additionally, it involved isolating and biochemically confirming bacterial strains (excluding total coliforms) and delineating the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates.The investigated system, situated at the Monjolinho Sewage Treatment Plant in São Carlos (SP), comprises an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a tubular photobioreactor. Weekly samples were collected from simulated blackwater (AN), UASB reactor effluent (RU), and tubular photobioreactor effluent (FT). Nine collections were performed in Experiment I (08/2018 to 10/2018), and eight in Experiment II (03/2019 to 06/2019).Serial dilution-based counting revealed a notable reduction in microbiological load throughout the treatment system. Compared to AN, the average reduction in RU was 91.1%, and 99.3% and 91.6% for FT concerning AN and RU, respectively. Predictive Salmonella spp. colonies were detected in 6, 4, and 5 samples of AN, RU, and FT, respectively. Additional tests and antibiograms of confirmed isolates were conducted: for E. coli, MAR (Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance) indices for AN, RU, and FT groups reached 0.16, with 67% of samples being sensitive to all tested antibiotics, displaying higher resistance to Ampicillin 10μg and Tetracycline 30μg; Enterococcus spp., with MAR indices not exceeding 0.11, and up to 77% of samples being sensitive to all antibiotics, exhibiting higher resistance to Tetracycline 30μg and Streptomycin 300μg; and Salmonella spp., where in Experiment I, only one RU sample showed resistance, and in Experiment II, RU and AN exhibited MAR indices of 0.20 and 0.05, respectively, with higher resistance to Ampicillin 10μg and Tetracycline 30μg.In conclusion, the UASB reactor proved to be an effective blackwater treatment, resulting in lower microbiological load and reduced resistance (except for Salmonella spp. results). The photobioreactor, in addition to microbiological load reduction, can recycle nutrients, preventing eutrophication of the water bodies to which the effluent is directed. Nevertheless, further tests on a larger scale are necessary to substantiate and better define the reduction in load from the UASB effluent, and especially to investigate whether the difference in resistance between UASB and photobioreactor effluents is significant.
Análise dos padrões de ocorrência do mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) na Bacia do Alto Paranapanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Melo, Stephany Ribeiro de; Martensen, Alexandre Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1608659358382981; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1231599234408959
Habitat loss and fragmentation has been a reality faced by many natural landscapes. This scenario results in negative impacts on natural ecological processes, such as individual dispersion across landscapes, which plays a major role in genetic diversity, reproduction and species distribution. Changes in land use and cover has been one of the main factors responsible for altering these natural processes, in addition to reductions of the native habitats for many species. The Alto Paranapanema Basin is one of the examples of these anthropogenic landscapes in which natural areas are reduced and fragmented and landscapes become occupied by other land uses. This region, which still holds large blocks of the Atlantic Forest biome, is home of many endemic and endangered species, such as the Leontopithecus chrysopygus (black lion tamarin). The present work aimed to analyze the patterns of occurrence of the species in the years 1987 and 2017, considering structural and functional characteristics of the landscape. In order to achieve this objective, landscape metrics were applied to understand the spatial changes of the landscape, and graph theory was used to determine the functionally connected area, considering the dispersal capacity of the species. The results showed that the black lion tamarin occurs, on average, in fragments larger than 500 ha, and this value is significantly larger than the average available fragments in the landscape (approximately 5 ha). However, when considering the ability to disperse between fragments, the species manages to reach large functionally connected areas, reaching home ranges greater than 1,000 ha in particular regions of the landscape. This connectivity is generally promoted by small fragments that are arranged between large patches of habitats, forming corridors (mainly Permanent Protection Areas - APPs), which allow individuals to reach different forest fragments. In addition, it was noted that part of the matrix surrounding the fragments is predominantly forestry, indicating that the species may also be using these areas to disperse and reach fragments of native vegetation. These results suggest that the implementation of ecological corridors is a good and viable alternative for increasing the home range of the black lion tamarin, mainly through the restoration of riparian APPs.
Mulheres e o sistema de justiça criminal: contribuições para o estudo da violência sexual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-02) Santos, Natália Regina Oliveira; Silva, Vanda Aparecida da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9920701759600807; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-6443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6806025685794127; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-1679
Due to the recurrence and severity of violence against women, which surpasses alarming numbers, especially amid the health and political crisis caused by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the country, the discussion on the topic becomes fundamental in order to rethink, from state actions, how gender inequality, which intersects with factors of race and class deeply rooted in social practices, is still present in Brazilian society. In this situation, this work sought to understand how public agents act in the scope of the criminal justice system, through assistance to cases of violations of women's sexual dignity, since they are the most burdened with moral stereotypes. The qualitative research was carried out through a literature review and virtual field research, using interviews (via videoconferences) with public servants of the justice system who perform their duties in specialized units for women. As a result, it is highlighted that the prevention, restraint, and assistance of violence against women require multi-sectorial and multidisciplinary reflections and actions that directly affect the structure and current reality of the phenomenon organizing social reality. With a special emphasis on investment in democratizing security and justice institutions, with a gender and ethnic-racial perspective, aiming at women's inclusion and access to this institutional space.