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Diferenças entre as percepções de mães encarceradas e mães externas ao cárcere quanto ao exercício da maternidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Cabianca, Letícia Moraes; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5235305030008118
The various considerations regarding the exercise of motherhood made “being a mother” a central issue in several studies, which reiterate the different facets of motherhood depending on the context in which it is seen. One of the contexts in which motherhood expresses delicate consequences is the Brazilian prison environment, a scenario of immeasurable vulnerability. In this sense, there are studies on the meanings of motherhood for incarcerated mothers, in addition to countless studies on these meanings for mothers who are located outside the prison environment. However, no studies were found with comparative analysis between the two groups of meanings. Given the lack of comparative studies, added to the increasing number of women who share the prison environment with their children, this study aims to analyze the perceptions of incarcerated mothers and the perceptions of mothers who are located outside the prison environment regarding the exercise of motherhood, seeking to identify similarities and differences in the mothering process. To this end, 10 mothers whose children were up to 6 months old participated in the study, 5 of them incarcerated and the other 5 outside prison. These mothers were recruited so that the participants were equivalent to each other in terms of sociodemographic variables (age, income, education, self-declaration of color and marital status) and number of children, in order to minimize the effects of these variables on the results found. The participants answered a questionnaire characterizing the participants, the Critério Brasil for categorization into a socioeconomic class, a scale for analyzing their social support (EPSUS-A) and a semi-structured interview to obtain their perceptions about the exercise of motherhood. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. As a result, similarities were identified between the two groups of mothers in terms of perceived social support, feelings of discovering the pregnancy and the existence of suffering and concerns in motherhood; while differences were identified related to discomfort regarding the body changes triggered by pregnancy, the type of aspect most highlighted in childbirth, the presence of obstetric violence, issues involved in breastfeeding, the degree of support for motherhood performance, the perception of themselves as mothers and the type of suffering most faced. It was concluded that the context where motherhood is exercised has an influence on perceptions regarding its exercise.
Estudo sobre a evolução legislativa em âmbito federal e estadual (SP) relacionada a logística reversa a partir da sanção da política nacional de resíduos sólidos (Lei 12.305/2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Rossi, Letícia Borsato; Tiezzi, Rafael de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7979063304544915
One of the environmental problems that has gained prominence is the immense amount of waste produced by the population. In Brazil, discussions related to this theme gained intensity with the publication of Law n° 12.305/2010, which recognized the implementation of Reverse Logistics as a fundamental instrument for the management of solid waste. This study aims to analysis based on the National Solid Waste Policy established by Law n˚ 12.305/2010 and the national and state legislative evolution that underlies the exercise of reverse logistics in Brazil and the State of São Paulo (SP), in addition to mapping the main challenges faced in the implementation of RL in Brazil and expose the innovations proposed by the legislature. For this study, a bibliographical research and analysis of secondary data were carried out, access to documents was obtained through databases and online libraries. The results indicate the existence of a series of challenges, these distributed in three categories, related to political/legal, operational and social aspects. In addition, the PNRS is innovative, as it establishes a hierarchical order prioritizing the non-generation and reduction of waste, establishing shared responsibility for the life cycle of products, in addition to recognizing the importance of collectors of recyclable materials as a fundamental element in waste management. In view of the above, it is concluded that the objectives proposed in this work were achieved, allowing the listing of standards that deal with Reverse Logistics, in addition to carrying out a survey of the challenges faced for the implementation of Reverse Logistics Systems in Brazil and finally brought the innovative points established by the exposed guidelines. In this sense, this work ends by raising numerous points that need to advance in the current debate on reverse logistics and also identifying the need to complement the PNRS.
Secagem de folhas de aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius raddi.) com aquecimento por micro-ondas: avaliação da retenção de cor e qualidade dos extratos etanólicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Santos Júnior, Paulo Sérgio; Ferreira, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6275003261077006
In this study, the drying of aroeira leaves (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) with microwave heating was evaluated in order to reduce moisture, color retention and chlorophyll concentration, as well as preserving total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) in the dried leaf extracts. The leaves were first characterized for their morphological and physical properties. Drying tests were performed in a White-Whestinghouse microwave, model EM 3500B, with specific powers ranging from 0.56 W/g to 4.35 W/g. To verify the drying conditions, a Central Rotational Composite Design (CCRD) 22 was performed with 4 tests under axial conditions and 3 repetitions at the central point, totaling 11 tests. The color intensity was determined by the colorimetric method based on the CIE L*a*b* color system. The bioactive compounds were extracted through maceration in ethanol for 7 days. The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was determined evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. Through the analysis of multiple regression coefficients, the effects of specific power and drying time on quality parameters final moisture, TPC, AA, and effective energy consumption. The results showed that higher power levels reduced drying times as they resulted in higher heating rates. Statistical analysis showed that the power and drying time have significant effects on the responses final moisutre, TPC content, AA and effective energy consumption. Based on by the Tukey test the color parameters L*, a*, b*and ∆E* showed no significant differences as applied power and drying timewere increased. There was no statistically significant differences in the chlorophyll contents of dried leaves, regardless of the applied power and drying time. Based on the response surfaces generated by the regression models, an optimization procedure was performed based on the desirability function to identify the operating condition that would best preserve the bioactive compounds with lower effective energy consumption. It was identified that the optimum drying condition would be obtained at the power of 1.5 W/g and time of 275 min.
Análise da fragilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão dos Cavalos no Munícipio de Itapetininga-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Souza, Mônica de; Simonetti, Vanessa Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0277566600848300; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-4875; Arruda, Emerson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-3850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9054758889988950; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-1251
Environmental research is essential to understanding the landscape and promoting an integrated analysis of the environment. Although numerous techniques and approaches have been refined, the understanding of the landscape as a dynamic system continues to inspire research. The uncontrolled increase in the world population has impacts that harm the ecosystem balance, especially regarding water quality in watersheds. The lack of studies that relate land use and water resources with active urban regions hinders the implementation of effective management measures. With the aim of assisting in territorial planning and watershed management, this study sought to develop spatial data that demonstrate environmental fragility and land use conflicts. The study was developed in the Ribeirão dos Cavalos watershed, located in the municipality of Itapetininga, through geoprocessing techniques where geomorphological and land use and occupation data were evaluated, identifying conflicts arising from their use, as well as environmental fragility and water quality alteration. Through this analysis, it was possible to develop a synthesis vision of the watershed, aiming for conservation and recovery, as well as providing primary data for a possible identification of priority areas in territorial planning, since this area does not have studies related to its fragility.
Toxicidade dos metais cádmio, cobalto e níquel, isolados e em combinações binárias, para a clorofícea Raphidocelis subcapitata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Reis, Larissa Luiza dos; Dornfeld, Adrislaine da Silva Mansano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0101649577482109; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-4960; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-5088; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0830653164383767; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-901X
In aquatic ecosystems, organisms are exposed to several compounds capable of interacting and generating toxic effects. Metals are naturally present in these environments and some are essential to the metabolism of organisms. However, anthropic activities have increased the concentration of these elements, which are capable of causing damage from the first trophic level. In the present study, the effects of the metals cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), isolated and in binary combinations, on density, maximum quantum yield (ΦM), efficiency of the oxygen evolution complex (F0 /Fv), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbohydrate synthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, cell size and complexity of the freshwater chlorophyte Raphidocelis subcapitata. Cd decreased cell density, ΦM, increased ROS generation, F0/Fv, chlorophyll a fluorescence, size and cell complexity. Co decreased density, chlorophyll a fluorescence, carbohydrate synthesis, and ΦM and, on the other hand, increased ROS, F0/Fv, size and the cellular complexity. Ni caused changes (increase and decrease) in cell density and in ROS generation, decreased carbohydrate synthesis, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Regarding the photosynthetic parameters, Ni did not alter ΦM and caused an increase in F0/Fv only at 0.50 mg L-1. The Cd-Co mixture caused synergistic effects at high doses of Co and low doses of Cd; and antagonism at low Co and high Cd concentrations. The model that best fitted the data was CA (concentration addition) with DR deviation (dependent on the dose ratio). Furthermore, the mixture caused antagonistic effects to ΦM and F0/Fv. The Cd-Ni mixture, on the other hand, resulted in antagonism effects at low doses and synergism at high doses, with a dose level change greater than IC50. The IA model (independent action) with DL deviation (dose level dependent) best explained the data. Photosynthetic parameters were not altered by the mixture of metals, however, there was an increase in cell size and complexity, as well as changes in ROS generation and chlorophyll a fluorescence. And the Co-Ni mixture resulted in synergistic effects at low Co and high Ni doses and antagonism at high Co and low Ni doses, the data better fit the CA model with DR deviation, with changes in all analyzed parameters. Considering that microalgae are the basis of aquatic food webs and metals can be bioaccumulated and biomagnified, the damage caused can reach higher trophic levels and impact the ecosystem. Therefore, it is concluded that the metal mixtures caused toxicity to the microalgae, highlighting the importance of evaluating the studies of mixtures, their effects and mechanisms of toxicity on the organisms, in order to protect the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem.
Design science research em gestão de operações: proposta e avaliação de um modelo de referência para projetar artefatos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Bagni, Gustavo; Godinho Filho, Moacir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0315166757122262
Despite the high potential contribution of Design Science Research (DSR) in the Operations Management (OM) field, there are still few studies published using this approach. Furthermore, the reference models for conducting the DSR do not explain how to design an artefact, the central element of DSR, and do not propose alternatives for different types of DSR. This thesis begins with a systematic literature review that identifies the main characteristics of studies using DSR developed in OM and proposes the existence of two types of DSR in this field: one focused only on practical contributions and another whose objective is also to contribute to theory. Three variables distinguish these two types. Based on this characterization and the study of previous models for conducting DSR studies in the OM field, a new reference model focused on artefact design is proposed. This model combines CIMO Logic with DSR since the beginning of the study, providing a structured process of designing artefacts, reducing the time and resources required. The model also explicitly includes the relationship between kernel theories and design theory in the second mode knowledge generation process. It is suitable for both types of DSR, although for the first type the benefits are partial, as the final step is not performed (formulation of design propositions). Finally, evaluating the model through the empirical implementation of an S&OP process focused on new products (empirical situation in which the model proposed in the thesis was implemented and evaluated), the thesis contributes to this class of problems by showing that it is possible for two S&OP processes in the same organization, one focused on mature items and the other focused on new products.
Seleção de padrões internos para análise elementar em métodos instrumentais com plasma induzido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Fontoura, Beatriz Martins; Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-9547; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4539197426067818; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-2066
This thesis approaches the challenges and strategies to use the internal standardization calibration method in two instrumental methods, i.e. inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES), for complex matrix analysis. In the first study, MIP-OES performance was evaluated for determination of 14 analytes with energies between 1.85 and 12.07 eV in urine. Three dilution levels (2, 20- and 200-fold) were evaluated to correct matrix effects, together with the internal standards (ISs) Ga, Ge, Pd, Rh, Sc and Y and with molecular species formed in nitrogen plasma (CN, N2, N2+ and OH). The limits of detection varied between 0.3 and 329 μg L-1. Using proper dilution, it was possible to use a single IS to correct matrix effects for all analytes, i.e. Ge, Rh or Sc for 20-fold dilution and N2+ for 200-fold dilution. In the next step was investigated interferences from two carbon sources, i.e. ethanol and oxalic acid, on the analytical signals of 10 elements by MIP-OES. Oxalic acid caused a signal increase for Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg and Mg, and a signal suppression for As and P. High levels of ethanol (≥ 1 % m v-1) led to signal increments for all analytes and Bi, Ge and OH behaved as universal ISs. The external gas control module (EGCM) was also tested to correct matrix effects, however, it was not appropriate for Al, As, Hg and P. In the last study, the performance of both instrumental methods was evaluated for determination of 18 analytes in isotonic and energetic drinks. It was observed that argon plasma presented a higher robustness in comparison with nitrogen plasma, since only Si, Pb and Zn presented recoveries below 90 %. The criterion adopted to select internal standards in Ar-ICP and N2-MIP was verified and the best results were obtained through addition and recovery experiments rather than similar physical-chemical properties between analyte/IS. Multi-internal standard calibration (MISC), a recently proposed method in the literature, was also evaluated. It was demonstrated as a simple strategy for correcting matrix effects. The selection of the best IS is not needed because it uses several internal standards. Recoveries between 90-110 % were obtained for most analytes in both matrices and instrumental methods, and LODs were comparable to those obtained in traditional calibration strategies. MISC allowed the use of species from the plasma for obtaining analytical curves, e.g. Ar lines (ICP) or molecular species (MIP) and presented itself as a feasible alternative to the use of internal standardization.
Análise do comportamento da Covid-19 no Brasil e em Sorocaba via modelagem matemática epidemiológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Almeida, Leonardo Alberto Freire de; Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9437242979400662
Mathematical modeling of epidemiological phenomena, using systems of differential equations, combined with the evolution of computational techniques, increasingly contributes to decision-making processes, prevention and control of diseases. This Course Completion Work has as its theme studies on the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil and in the city of Sorocaba/SP, making use of the compartmental mathematical model SIR (Susceptible, Infected and Removed), which was solved numerically via Euler's method. The objectives consisted of running simulations of the model, in Python language, collecting real Covid-19 data in the country and in the municipality, estimating the system parameters and plotting graphs capable of helping to understand the dynamics of the pandemic. Data regarding Brazil were taken from the Coronavirus Brasil digital platform, made available by the Federal Government in partnership with the country's health units. The information regarding the municipality of Sorocaba was collected on the SP Covid-19 Info Tracker digital platform, prepared by a committee of researchers from Unesp, USP and CeMai, which centralized the records in daily Covid-19 bulletins, taking into account the data provided by the municipalities of the state of São Paulo. This research began in a scientific initiation project, developed between 2020 and 2021 and arose from the great need for knowledge about the spread of the disease across the country and the search for alternatives that were appropriate for making satisfactory predictions, with a minimum of resources possible. The results achieved showed the importance of an adequate adjustment for the disease transmission parameter and confirmed that it is possible for a relatively simple SIR model to produce solutions in the same order of magnitude as the real data, serving as a forecasting tool to a certain extent of the pandemic. In addition, a model like this allows validating the application of public measures, verifying whether there has been an increase or decrease in the number of cases, in relation to what was expected.
Sintomas não psicóticos e uso de substâncias psicoativas entre trabalhadores de enfermagem da linha de frente no contexto da covid-19: estudo observacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Oliveira Junior, Eduardo Gomes de; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-5837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7826744021192205; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3113-5995
To evaluate the presence of non-psychotic symptoms and their relationship with the sociolaboratory profile and use of psychoactive substances by frontline nursing workers. Method: observational, cross-sectional and analytical study composed of a simple random sample of 219 nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants working on the front line in any level of health care. Those who did not fully respond to the research form or were not formally linked to institutions in a city at interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil were excluded. An online questionnaire was applied with social and labor information, a Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to identify non-psychotic symptoms and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to screen substance use. For data analysis were used descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, and variance) and inferential statistics (Fisher's Exact Test, Mann Whitney's U Test, and Spearman's Correlation Test). Sample normality was tested using the Shapiro Wilk Test. The odds ratio was calculated to verify whether a given social-occupational variable was related to a greater chance of having non-psychotic symptoms. The significance level adopted for all statistical tests was 5%. Results: It was found that in the majority of the sample, non-psychotic symptoms started before the COVID-19 pandemic and there was maintenance of them associated with differences in gender, history of psychiatric disorder, and workload; however, there was no correlation with substance use. The highest means of psychoactive substance use were found for alcohol and tobacco, respectively. Despite this, the use of such substances was predominantly low risk, i.e., one that does not require intervention. Alcohol abuse was found in 61 (28.2%) of the participants. Regarding tobacco, 26 (11.9%) Conclusion: mental distress was associated with differences in gender, history of psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression disorders) and workload, however, they were not related to the use of PAS. Nursing on the front line has historically been associated with negative impacts on the mental health of professionals, yet the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are continuous and may vary according to realities and time frames, opening possibilities for new investigations.
Segurança pública nas fronteiras: a estratégia nacional de segurança nas fronteiras e seus efeitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-08) Pradelli, Maíra; Nadai, Larissa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9218432303757297; Machado, Igor José de Renó; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8266085338615300
This dissertation focuses on the public policy National Public Security Strategy on the Borders (ENAFRON) and seeks to understand how this public policy arises and what it establishes in the social world through its reports, whose function is to diagnose the "problems" of the borders. From the imaginations around the narrative conventions about the “problems” of the borders, I analyze what are the solutions that the “State”, represented by state agents can solve these issues. The documental ethnography range from laws, decrees, norms and a series of regulations and official documentation that synthesize, describe and qualify an idea of border, which transformed itself, a short period of time, from a policy aimed at strategic development and regional for a security governance and control of mobility, transit and displacement regimes. I conclude that the management modalities around Enafron encompass modes of repression and protection anchored in an imagination about what and who should be repressed and what and who should be protected.