Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2023-03-10"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17

Química do lúpulo e seus constituintes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Neves, Reginaldo de Paula Ferreira das; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
Hops are a fundamental ingredient for beer production. Its use imparts bitterness, aroma and flavor in addition to contributing to the conservation of the drink. The cultivation of hops becomes a reality and begins to be expanded throughout the country, in parallel with the brewing culture that is also expanding in Brazil. In addition to expanding hop cultivation, it is also necessary to develop technical and technological issues in different areas. Hops have a great chemical diversity, including groups of bitter acids, essential oils, substances that add economic value to the product, expanding the understanding of the components is essential. Thus, this work seeks to extend the chemistry of hops, through national scientific production, indicating possibilities for studies and research, bringing the topic closer to appreciation in chemistry teaching. The teaching of chemistry through the new high school and the BNCC provides investigative elements to study hops in the classroom, expanding their chemical understanding and evaluating the potential for studies.
Plantas daninhas importantes na cultura do algodão transgênico: manejo de Eleusine indica (L) Gärtner e Spermacoce latifolia Aublet
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Spricigo, Henrique; Monquero, Patricia Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766526793830455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9123-1861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312414656261868; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-6683
The weeds Eleusine indica and Spermacocea latifolia have become difficult to control in cotton and soybean areas due to herbicide resistance and tolerance, respectively. Due to this, this work aims to evaluate the efficiency of different herbicides in the management of these weeds. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and the seeds of the weeds S. latifolia and E. indica were sown separately, in order to obtain 5 plants per pot. The pots were kept in a greenhouse with automatic irrigation to maintain the necessary moisture for plant germination and growth. Two days after sowing, six treatments of herbicides were applied to the weeds in pre-emergence - diclosulam (35 g ai. ha-1), S-metalachor (600 g ai. ha-¹), Piroxasulfone (200 g ai. ha-¹ ) + flumioxazin (200 g i.a. ha-¹), diuron (2000 g i.a. ha-¹) and trifluralin (600 g i.a. ha-¹), plus the control. When the plants reached the phenological stage of 4 leaves, sequential application was performed with the desiccants diquat - 200 g i.a. ha-¹ or ammonium glufosinate - 400 g i.a. ha-¹ and without sequential with four repetitions each. Thus, for each experiment a completely randomized design was used in a 5x3 factorial scheme + control without herbicide for each species. It is concluded that for the control of E. indica the application of diclosulam with the sequential one with diquat and diclosulam with sequential one with glufosinate of ammonium obtained better results than the application of diuron alone, the other treatments did not differentiate sequential and isolated applications, being both satisfactory . For the chemical control of S. latifolia, the treatment with diuron alone obtained a lower control than diuron with glufosinate ammonium and diuron with diquat, the same was repeated for S-metalachor. For the other treatments, there was no difference between sequential and isolated application, both being satisfactory. The sequential application was important to reach the level of control in treatments with diclosulam in the control of E. indica and in the treatment with diuron in the control of S. latifolia.
Avaliação da adesão e autoeficácia do treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico obtidas por meio do uso de um aplicativo multimídia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Angélico, Carolina; Sousa, Ana Jéssica dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1636532373212316; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0738885515897682
Background: Studies show that pregnancy and childbirth are important risk factors for the occurrence of dysfunctions in the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and that there is a need for pregnant women to receive information about this. In this way, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) can prevent and treat those dysfunctions. Moreover, health education can provide knowledge about the importance of the pelvic floor muscle as well as its functions and dysfunctions and can increase PFMT’s adherence and efficacy. Aims: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to PFMT and self-efficacy obtained using a mobile application containing educational information about the PFM and a PFMT program. The secondary aim was to analyze those pregnant women’s satisfaction with this technology. Methods: That is a descriptive cross-sectional study, consisting of the following steps: Bibliographic Review with the object to find studies at the databases that were about the assessment of adherence and self-efficacy, and how much those factors contribute to positive results in the PFMT; Adherence Evaluation of PFMT program is available in the application, through a questionnaire; Self-efficacy Verifying developed by the women participating using a scale already elaborated and validated; Satisfaction Questionnaire Application to assess the content available in this technological tool and its contribution to the participants; Statistical Analysis and Discussion of the Results Obtained to verify a possible correlation between the different factors evaluated. Results: Eighteen pregnant women completed the 8-week exercise protocol with mean adherence of 30.4±14.00 days, and only half of the participants completed at least 28 days of exercise. The general average of the Self-Efficacy Scale after eight weeks of the protocol was 75.8±14.8. The variables adherence and self-efficacy showed a strong correlation after eight weeks of the PFMT protocol (r = 0,0794 and p < 0,001). Only 16 pregnant women answered the satisfaction questionnaire; they were all satisfied with the PFMT protocol; thirteen were satisfied with the app. Conclusion: The application demonstrated good applicability for promoting health education for pregnant women and may contribute to self-confidence concerning PFMT, and adherence to training, helping physiotherapists conduct a treatment program.
Desenvolvimento de pão de queijo sem lactose e análise da influência deste carboidrato em sua composição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Barbosa, Ana Laura Paula Barros; Silva, Naaman Francisco Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8255475072902530; Neves, Isabelle Cristina Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3479449098249392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7354328189504131
The cheese bread is a traditional product from Minas Gerais (MG) that is currently consumed and produced in all regions of Brazil. Traditionally, it is made from milk, starches, cheese, eggs and salt. The objective of the project was to produce lactose-free cheese bread and to analyze the influence that the absence of this carbohydrate causes on the chemical and physical characteristics of the product. In addition, it was intended to deepen the knowledge about cheese bread, since it does not have a standard of identity and quality that defines it. Different formulations of cheese breads, with and without lactose, produced in the Sabor Supremo industry and frozen food trade, located in Boituva-SP, were analyzed regarding their centesimal composition. The moisture content of cheese bread without lactose was higher than that of traditional cheese bread, corresponding to 44% and 46%, respectively. The fixed mineral residue content was close for both formulations, being 1.9% for the lactose-free samples and 2.1% for the traditional samples. Regarding the protein content, the lactose-free formulation had 1.92% while the traditional one had a content of 2.55%. For the lipid content, 22% was obtained for the lactose-free cheese breads and 21% for the traditional cheese breads. Finally, the texture of the cheese bread was also analyzed using a texturometer, which indicated the maximum compression force for the samples, obtaining an equivalent force of 0.67 N for traditional cheese breads and 1.40 N for lactose-free cheese breads. In this way, it is possible to conclude that cheese breads with and without lactose have similar physicochemical characteristics.
Morfologia da onda de pulso da pressão intracraniana avaliada de modo não invasivo em indivíduos ativos e saudáveis após exercício de agachamento realizado com auxílio da fita de suspensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Souza, Jean Cesar Andrade de; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-9481; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8782910668942051; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-0279
Intracranial pressure (ICP), pressure exerted within the cranial cavity, can be altered by neurological disorders and/or physical inactivity. However, physical exercise is an important non-pharmacological tool capable of mitigating consequences caused by numerous pathologies. However, its effects on the morphology of the ICP pulse wave, especially after suspended training (ST) performed with the aid of the suspension strap (SS), are little known. Thus, we aimed to characterize the squat exercise performed with the aid of SS and its hemodynamic consequences and ICP based on a non-invasive evaluation method, through metrics of indirect prediction of the state of intracranial dynamics. The sample consisted of 30 individuals (15 men; 15 women), between 18 and 40 years-old, physically active and adapted to resistance exercises. Blood analysis, anthropometric assessments and incremental test to determine the point of highest oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were performed, followed by familiarization and ST session. This session consisted of 3 series of squats performed with the aid of the SS, performed for 1 minute, with intervals between series of 1 minute, in which pre, during and immediately post-exercise (3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th minute/post-session) glycemia, blood lactate concentration ([Lac]), oxygen saturation (SpO2), energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), ICP through metrics indirect prediction of the state of intracranial dynamics, such as: the ratio between the second and the first peak of the ICP pulse wave (P2/P1) and Time to Peak (TTP); in addition to the session's subjective perception of exertion (SPE) (30 minutes/post-session). Data were submitted to Student's T test to compare men and women (body composition, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and VO2peak). With the unified group, the Anova One-Way variance test (remaining variables) and Bonferroni's post hoc test of variance were performed, followed by Pearson's correlation (all variables evaluated). The results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean and percentage variation, for a significance level of 5%. The work load (WL) of the exercise was 4,182.60±139.30A.U., with the volunteers reaching during the same 46.66±1.63% of VO2peak and 66.99±1.80% of maximum HR established during the incremental test, still reporting a SPE of 10.53±0.30A.U. There was a significant increase in HR, systolic BP, mean BP (MAP), [Lac] and EE and a decrease in SpO2, P2/P1 and TTP compared to rest. WL was positively correlated with body mass (r=0.999;p<0.001), Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.764;p<0.001), [Lac] (r=0.503;p<0.001), EE (r=0.778;p<0.001) and negatively with P2/P1 (r=-0.539;p<0.001) and TTP (r=-0.438;p<0.001). There was a correlation between [Lac] and EE (r=0.731;p<0001), and between the latter and body mass (r=0.644;p<0.001) and BMI (r=0.394;p=0.031). We also verified a negative correlation between MAP and P2/P1 (r=-0.367;p<0.001) and MAP and TTP (r=-0.458;p<0.001), indicating maintenance of static cerebral autorregulation in the face of effort caused by exercise. We conclude that the ST protocol altered the hemodynamics and metabolism of the volunteers, modifying the morphology of the ICP pulse wave, which, added to the correlation with MAP, indicated an increase in intracranial compliance and maintenance of static cerebral autorregulation in the face of the effects caused by exercise.
Implementação de um currículo dos futebóis para a Educação Física nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Barreto, Mariama Silva Gouvêa; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1554038584976339; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-2323
The proposal of this current study arises from the concerns about teaching soccer in school physical education, and above all the possibility to unlink this process from a technical perspective guided only in knowing how to do so. Regarding this problem, we elaborate a curriculum to teach soccer in the final years of elementary school. Soccer, itself is understood as a plural fenomenon , which has a room for diversity, overcoming the idea that the spectacularized soccer is the only one possible. The study aimed to investigate the elaboration of a soccer’s curriculum for physical education in the final years of elementary school, and the implementation of a didactic unit of this curriculum with a group of 8th graders of elementary school , and analyze the education processes emerging from this intervention. It is about qualitative research like a research-action marked by the implementation of a didactic unit, composed of 12 classes, guided with the internal and external logic of soccer. The data product instrument used was the class diary, having as sources the participant observations and the audio records. The collected data from the research were analyzed through the analysis of the codification categories in three steps: the organization and reading of the documents, codification and categorization of the materials. The results and their analysis are organized into a descriptive category referring to the description of curriculum development and its presentation, and three other analytical categories. The first is, “The students experience through soccer'', evidenced by the main experiences which emerged through the attending in the soccer classes, as well the genre relations that overtaken these experiences. The second is, “Soccer’s Curriculums'' denote the students' experience with soccer through the internal and external logic of the game, analyzing the consciousness tactic-technical and the dialogues and critical reflections about the political influence in soccer and, the third “Challenges and difficulties of the research teacher in the implementation of the Soccer’s curriculum” is focused on the self-analysis of the teaching experience with its limits and possibilities. It is considered that the soccer’s curriculum enables the students to have positive and inclusive experiences, and a learning guided by body, conceptual and attitudinal knowledge, giving them access to the soccer sociocultural dimension through the external logic of the game.
Perfil sociodemográfico, operacional e clínico dos casos de tuberculose sob o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no município de Araraquara/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Silva, Beibilene Perlato Melo da; Calori, Mellina Yamamura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6221450513629923; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-8788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9957448458151820; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-5819
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the sociodemographic, operational and clinical profile of tuberculosis cases under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the municipality of Araraquara - São Paulo. METHODS: Epidemiological, non-experimental prevalence study. The population was composed of all confirmed and registered cases of COVID-19 in the period from January 2020 to December 2022 and the cases of tuberculosis registered in the period from January 2019 to November 2022, both referring to residents of urban areas of the municipality Araraquara - São Paulo; extracted from the e-SUS Notifica and TBWeb systems. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos under Certificate of Ethics Appreciation Submission No. 5657575722.7.0000.5504. After data collection, data consistency and validity were checked, followed by categorical treatment of the information, relative and absolute frequencies were calculated using the Microsoft-Excel spreadsheet editor, and for data presentation, tables and graphs were made. RESULTS: We registered 138 cases of tuberculosis and 102,917 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with an average annual prevalence rate of 14.34 cases of tuberculosis and 14,261.81 cases of COVID-19, both per 100,000 population. The profile of tuberculosis cases was maintained in 2019 and 2020. In the years 2021 and 2022 despite a profile close to previous years, there were several information conflicts and data non-completeness increased. Tuberculosis notifications had a drop of 17.1% in 2021, deaths from tuberculosis increased, four deaths in 2021 and one in 2022, but it is possible that this number will increase, because 34.5% of the data were blank, which also impacted the decrease in the cure rate that fell from 80% in 2020 to 38% and 30.7% in the years 2021 and 2022 respectively. CONCLUSION: The study evidenced the sociodemographic, clinical and operational profile of tuberculosis cases different after the emergence of COVID-19 with increase in tuberculosis cases and deaths and unfilled variables. The data collection will contribute to future studies that correlate the occurrence of risk areas between both diseases studied.
Puerpério e pandemia da Covid-19: a influência na rotina de mulheres brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Corradini, Ana Luisa; Stofel, Natália Sevilha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2447361827796110; Beleza, Ana Carolina Sartorato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4139635204538357; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0301455285830839
Introduction: In March 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic status was declared in Brazil, it was recommended that the population take measures to avoid contagion by viruses, such as social isolation and the use of masks. In April of the same year, pregnant women and puerperal women within 14 days of puerperium were considered a risk group for the disease, considering that these women are more susceptible to contracting viral infections. Goal: Check the impact of the pandemic on the routine of Brazilian postpartum women from the profile description of Brazilian postpartum women during the COVID-19 Pandemic, their prophylaxis habits, isolation and breastfeeding and identification of factors associated with the effects of this period on breast-feeding. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study, approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of the Federal University of São Carlos (CAAE: 31253520.3.0000.5504). The study was carried out based on a questionnaire about socioeconomic characteristics, obstetric history, prophylaxis data and breastfeeding data maternal, filled out via Google Forms. Were invited to participate, Brazilian women in puerperal period that they gave birth from the pandemic decree in Brazil (March 2020), until the last month of application of the questionnaire (March 2021). Results: 312 were received valid answers, from postpartum women from all over Brazil. According to the results of this study, there was a prevalence of women of higher social class, with higher family income and schooling. As for social isolation, it was identified that most women performed partial isolation, as they go out for domestic activities. Finally, among the variables, it was observed that age, education, race/color and postpartum period were the most were influenced by the pandemic in relation to breastfeeding. Among women aged 19 to 29, with lower schooling, black and indigenous women and/or with a longer postpartum period, there was a greater positive influence. Conclusion: The pandemic exerted an important influence on the daily lives of postpartum women, in addition to contributing to greater adherence and frequency of breastfeeding in some women. Finally, the importance of new studies that investigate these factors and their influence.
Viabilidade técnica e econômica da recuperação energética da biomassa residual da extração do óleo de melaleuca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Tomeleri, João Otávio Poletto; Pádua, Franciane Andrade de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0231286098239128
Among the species of the genus Melaleuca that have secondary metabolites of commercial interest, Melaleuca alternifolia stands out. It is currently the species with the largest areas of cultivation, present in several countries such as Australia, Indonesia, China, Brazil and the United States. Australia has dominated the market for this essential oil since the 1980s, accounting for more than 80% of the total volume traded in the world in 2019. A greater share of Brazil in the cosmetics and pharmaceuticals market would bring benefits such as the generation of direct jobs in the oil production chains and derivative products. The specific aim of this work was to organize relevant information about the main species of the genus Melaleuca, its main botanical characteristics, description of the essential oil market and the distillation techniques applied to obtain the oil. Additionally, tests were carried out to energetically characterize the melaleuca biomass and its residue from the distillation process, in addition to studying possible alternatives for homogenization through the densification of the residual vegetative material. As a general objective, we sought to record the potential of melaleuca cultivation to meet government demands for sustainable development and the establishment of new productive arrangements involving small farmers and traditional communities in the context of the Brazilian bioeconomy. The results obtained in the work demonstrate that the distilled biomass has an aptitude for energy production, with a higher heating value above 4800 kcal.kg-1, and fixed carbon of 19.91%. The main challenges for energy production from this material are its high moisture, which was determined to be 47.13% on a wet basis, influenced by the steam extraction process, and its ash content (4%), which negatively affect the energy efficiency in burning appliances. Additionally, these characteristics hinder subsequent processes of homogenization of the material, such as densification. Controlling both factors, tea tree distillation residues have the potential to be used in thermal conversion and consequently contribute to increasing the economic viability of projects aimed at producing tea tree essential oil in Brazil.
Os limites entre a moral e o pragmático na filosofia da história de Immanuel Kant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Barros, Wagner Barbosa de; Baioni, José Eduardo Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-8392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3362361998363132; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-9462
The objective of this thesis is to analyze Immanuel Kant's Philosophy of History insofar as we seek to circumscribe how the pragmatic field collaborates or favors the fulfillment of what is established as a moral end to humankind. The Kantian Philosophy of History deals with the investigation of the history of human beings actions, with the intention of finding in it, despite the woven of folly and puerile caprice, a regular course of development of all their dispositions according to a natural purpose. Leaning on its own effort, humankind is under obligation to break away from its animality and, through its reason, progress gradually to the inner perfection of the way of thinking, which, in Kantian practical philosophy, appears as the production of a good will. According to the German philosopher, a good will is good, not because of its effects and accomplishments, or even because of its efficacy to achieve them, but only because of the purity of its maxim, that is, it is good in itself. In his essays on the Philosophy of History and in those other texts that also deal with its concepts, Kant stipulates – in accordance with what his Moral Philosophy establishes – the progressive path to be promoted by the humankind from one generation to the next: it must be disciplined, cultivated, civilized and, finally, moralized. In consideration of this gradual development with a moral purpose, it becomes necessary to understand how, in a philosophically thought history, humankind should and can endeavor this purpose, that is, what is the role played by the pragmatic field, delimited by the exercise of prudence, in the promotion of human moralization; in other words, what is the potential that the formative expedients of Anthropology and Education, as well as the coercive resources of Politics and Right exert in the production of a good will. Our thesis is that there is a proper limit between the moral and the pragmatic field, that is, that the moralization of the humankind cannot result from any incentive or imposition, because it is, by principle, a free and autonomous action, however, one can only reach this condition, in which the step towards morality is made possible, if it has previously promoted the pragmatic progress necessary for this conjuncture. Thereby, we affirm that the progress of the pragmatic field is fundamental for human moralization, but, as one gets increasingly closer to it, the less strength it has to push it in that direction, leaving, in the end, to the individual oneself to carry it out.
Análise de livros didáticos à luz do modelo MTSK: um foco nos números racionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Batista, Éverton Ferraz Marcelino; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-904X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6531607468097978
This dissertation brings an analysis of two 6th grade mathematics textbooks, which were validated in the last three years of the National Book and Didactic Material Program (2014, 2017 and 2020). The analysis consisted of raising, using a qualitative methodology of a documental nature, which specialized knowledge for the teaching of rational numbers were presented by the authors. As a parameter for the analyses, research was used whose results sought to identify the mobilization of the teacher's specialized knowledge for the teaching of rational numbers from the MKT model (Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching), by Ball, Thames and Phelps (2008) and the PCK, by Shulman (1987), and the results of these surveys formed a knowledge base for the analysis of textbooks. For the categorization of the specialized knowledge present in the works, the model of Specialized Knowledge of Mathematics Teachers (or of Teachers who Teach Mathematics), the MTSK (Mathematics Teachers' Specialized Knowledge) by Carrillo et al (2013), was used.The data presented in the analyzes indicate an emphasis on the part of the authors in the development of specialized knowledge in the “phenomenological” and “representational” aspects, with emphasis on Araribá Mais Mathematica in the latter scope. However, a relevant number of gaps was highlighted regarding aspects of “definitions and image of a concept” and “associated meanings” in both books. It was also possible to verify that both books demonstrate specialized knowledge for teaching in terms of “auxiliary connections” and “validation modes”, all of which are related to mathematical knowledge. With regard to didactic knowledge of the content, the data in the analyzes indicate that both books present specialized knowledge in the scopes "ways of presenting the content - learning potential", "associated pedagogical resource/material", with greater evidence of presence of knowledge of the scope “psychological theory associated with the learning of content” in the book Teláris Mathematica. With regard to the "most common learning errors", both books stood out for the high manifestation of specialized knowledge in contrast to low gaps.
Contribuição dos naturalistas do Século XIX para o conhecimento da ictiofauna de água doce no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Oliveira, Mariana Bispo; Tejerina-Garro, Francisco Leonardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6719234350740061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4195522794420321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4775-7428
Objective: To evaluate the contribution of five naturalists (Johann Natterer, Johan Baptist Spix, Louis Agassiz, Jacob Heckel, Rudolf Kner and Francis de Castelnau) to the knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of the freshwater ichthyofauna in Brazil between the years 1829 and 1859. Methods: Two data matrices were constructed: one with information on freshwater fish in Brazil known up to 2021 and the other based on the list of fish species in South America presented by Castelnau (1855). Both were complemented with information on taxonomy, geographic distribution, authorship and geographic distribution. From the first, the Taxonomic Diversity Index (Δ) was calculated to evaluate the contribution of naturalists in order to demonstrate the importance of Castelnau in this group. Species richness was also determined, by hydrographic basin, based on the species described by the considered naturalists. Results: The ichthyofauna species identified by the five naturalists totaled 171. Castelnau was the naturalist with the greatest contribution to knowledge of the taxonomic diversity (Δ= 87.69) of the Brazilian ichthyofauna, followed by Agassiz (Δ=85.45) and Spix & Agassiz (85.44). Conclusion: The considered naturalists presented endemic species with high ecological and economic value. The Amazon basin had the highest number of species and Castelnau had the highest rate of taxonomic diversity among those considered.
Entre situações-limite e inéditos viáveis: problematizando as desigualdades de gênero nas aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Silva, Leandro de Carvalho da; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8167442892432277; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-4915
This research has as its starting point the problem of gender exclusions observed in Physical Education classes, especially in opportunities where “self-managed” classes are held. In our teaching experiences, we found that although such exclusions are not common in classes in general, on occasions of free classes (self-organized), there is a greater exclusion of girls. Based on this problem, the objective of the present research was to analyze the limits and possibilities of a teaching intervention guided by a dialogical pedagogy with a view to problematizing gender inequalities in Physical Education classes. The study consisted in an action research, which addressed the thematic units Sports and Dances, structured in a didactic unit to address gender issues in a two-month period. The research universe comprised the students of the fifth year of elementary school, from a school in the municipal teaching network in the city of Suzano. The data production instruments consisted of class diaries, based on participant observations, video recordings and student narratives that emerged in the conversation circles, whose records were made through filming. Data analysis was performed using the Coding Categories method. The main results point to two major categories – Limit Situations and Viable Unpublished, and from these four subcategories emerge – Existential Fatigue, Antidialogicity, Dialogicity, Being More. We consider that the entire process, especially the moments of dialogue, action-reflection in the conversation circles, contributed to problematize Existential Tiredness and Antidialogicity, hoping through Dialogicity the possibility for students to overcome gender inequalities with a view to Being More.
Desenvolvimento de formulações de polímeros biodegráveis a partir da modificação de derivados do milho via extrusão reativa.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Santiago, Paula Dias Lopes; Nossa, Tamires de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9207946428944653; Mendonça, Vagner Romito de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4270375873948823; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1156523282758148
The human consumption of plastic and the consequent generation of waste has been growing exponentially in the last century, causing several environmental impacts. One of the alternatives to mitigate this effect is the use of biodegradable polymers to replace the commonly used synthetic polymers. Starch is one of the most promising materials for this purpose, considering its low cost, easy obtainment in nature and ability to be chemically, biologically and physically modified. One of the sources of starch is corn and in Brazil its use is extremely attractive due to the high production of this food. However, starch has limited properties in terms of mechanical strength and hydrophilicity. Thus, studies have been carried out to improve the properties of this material, making its processing and application more satisfactory. The inclusion of glycerol, waste from the biodiesel industry, as a plasticizing agent, and coconut oil to increase mechanical strength and resistance to water absorption are noteworthy. Thus, this work investigated the effects of modifying the product derived from corn, pre-gelatinized starch, for the processing of polymers using different concentrations of glycerol and coconut oil through the reactive extrusion process in order to obtain new formulations of biodegradable and renewable source products. Thermal, chemical and mechanical analyzes were carried out, which demonstrated an improvement in the mechanical properties in relation to thermoplastic starch (TPS), with an increase of up to 37.5% in the tensile strength limit and 32.1% in elongation at break, for the concentration of 20.0% coconut oil. Water absorption tests showed that the modified materials showed greater resistance to water absorption due to the incorporation of coconut oil. Total biodegradation in simulated soil was up to 37 days, which is an attractive result as it generates less environmental impact, considering that synthetic polymers take hundreds of years to degrade in the environment.
Contribuição do preço internacional do petróleo e de variáveis macroeconômicas na inflação brasileira, 2002-2021
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Nazareno, Maria Cristina de Meira; Figueiredo, Adelson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2582161065438214; Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889207481986151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9136314595575810
Inflation can be affected by several transmission mechanisms, which can change over time. The world's productive matrix has oil as the predominant primary energy source, thus, fluctuations in its price impact the economic activity of any country and the formation of prices in the domestic market, directly or indirectly affecting other variables related to trade, such as interest rate and exchange rate. In addition, the characteristics of the Brazilian oil and gas sector stand out, due to the position of the Government of Brazil as the majority shareholder of Petrobras. Starting in the beginning of the 2010s, Petrobras adopted oil pricing detached from the international market to control inflation, a scenario that changed from 2016, with the adoption of the import parity price (IPP) mechanism. Therefore, the objective of this work is to measure and analyze how shocks in international oil prices, interest rates and exchange rates have influenced Brazilian inflation over the period from 2002 to 2021. For this, two econometric approaches were used through the estimation of a Vector Error Correction Model (VEC): (i) the modeling proposed by Houck (1977), to test the hypothesis of asymmetric price transmission, and (ii) the estimate of spillover indices, to test the connectivity between variables. It was verified that all variables present asymmetric transmission to Brazilian inflation – with oil and exchange rate increases being passed on with greater intensity, while for interest rate the transmission of decreases were more intense. Regarding market connectivity, decreases in oil and interest rates transmit more information than increases, while exchange rate was a net transmitter of information for both increases and decreases. Finally, two periods with structural breaks were identified: September 2008 and December 2015.
Mapeamento de como profissionais da Educação Infantil entendem e ofertam a Educação Física para crianças de 0 a 3 anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Sales, Karina Polezel de; Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634811521506926; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8462
Physical Education, integrated into the school’s pedagogical proposal, is a curricular component of Basic Education, adjusting to the age groups and conditions of the school population. Although mandatory, the generic wording of the legislation does not ensure the subject’s presence in the Basic Education stages. This legislation does not guarantee that classes will be taught by professionals with a specialization, nor does it assure that students will have access to the study object and knowledge expressed in the most diverse components of corporal movement culture. As a result, in many educational institutions, especially in childhood education, the particular contents related to Physical Education end up blended with other knowledge developed and proposed by teachers specialized in Pedagogy or Primary Teaching. Considering the importance of providing appropriate activities for children according to their age group and that these activities are fundamental for their complete development, we envision the presence of specialist professionals in a childhood education as essential to enhance child development and movement. However, in addition to a few studies related to the age group and Physical Education in childhood education, especially from zero to three years old, there is no mention of the subject in the primary official documents drawn up by the Federal Government published to date. As such, the purpose of this study was to map and investigate, in collaboration with early childhood education professionals, how Physical Education was understood and delivered to children aged zero to three. Based on our reflection and the literature review, we propose a set of experiences for professionals working with this age group to contribute to their practices related to the body and movement. Throughout the study, we analyzed which contents and strategies the professionals used to work with Physical Education and what are the main difficulties faced by them. We concluded that professional qualification, both initial and continuing education, has been the greatest difficulty. The majority of research participants believe that it is insufficient to meet the educational needs of children aged zero to three. It was also concluded that Physical Education was understood mainly by its motor skills, disregarding its scope of action. It also discussed the presence of a specialized professional and how they could contribute to the children’s development, ensuring a better quality in meeting the needs of children from zero to three years old, an opinion shared by most of the research participants. In conclusion, this study expands the debate on the presence of Physical Education in institutions attending children from zero to three years old because it is hardly found in academia and within the schools themselves.
Repositórios institucionais de dados de pesquisa: uma análise das boas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-10) Bonetti, Letícia Guarany; Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1895977717955732; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397