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Atrazina - aprovações de agrotóxicos no Brasil, seus efeitos ao meio ambiente e para os seres humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Fuziwara, Mayara Tiemi; Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
With the significant population growth in recent years and the recent global reach of 8 billion people, the lack of food for everyone has become a recurring discussion. In order to achieve higher yields in crops, the use of pesticides has become an increasingly intense practice, and in Brazil, the number of new registered products is breaking records, with 562 new patents in 2021 alone. The sale of pesticides is also high, with approximately 720,000 tons of volume in 2021, with herbicides standing out as responsible for more than half of the volume of active ingredients consumed. For this work, carried out in the form of a literature review, the active ingredient atrazine was chosen, and its effects on human beings were addressed, with its effect becoming inconclusive as there are still many differences between older and more recent studies. A strong residual presence was observed in the soil, damaging the yield of the next crops planted in the region, as well as causing effects on microorganisms and invertebrates that inhabit the area. In the case of water, a much greater complexity of effects was observed, with the persistence of the active ingredient in the environment harming the entire food chain of aquatic animals.
Memória e ressignificação do corpo na educação de jovens e adultos: jogos, danças e brincadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Brasil, Samara Oliveira; Couto, Yara Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348643816717796; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-4889; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1568063985721939; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-4808
Physical Education in youth and adult education is still a marginalized curricular component. Bearing in mind the respective proportions, it confuses itself with the challenges of EJA - youth and adult education, when it comes to lack of public policies which guarantee viability and continuity of Physical Education in this teaching method. Considering that, the present study aims to investigate how the body culture can contribute to the feeling of belonging and appreciation of EJA, as well as to promote the construction of citizenship and social inclusion. The research methodology of qualitative nature used action research as means of data collection. The field diary has been used as an important instrument to register information, organize and analyze data. As a secondary resource, audio recordings from cell phones have been used as well, for better understanding of speech. Twenty-two students from EJA have participated in this research, from the basic literacy stage in a municipal school in São Paulo. The didactic unit embraced games and dance, and was applied for two months, totalizing fourteen classes. After registering, organizing and analyzing data, the set of information indicated themes related to memories, childhood games, socioeconomic difficulties, thus constituting two categories: "Memories as a collective body" and "What is the body's place at EJA?" As a theoretical reference, it was searched for debates of authors who are aligned to cultural studies and critical pedagogy, in the perspective of bringing the investigative look towards body practices that strengthen the experiences and collective memories to potentialize an elaboration of ways to be and act in the world. Therefore, the question: what is the importance of the body at school? What is the importance of the working student body in building knowledge? And what is the contribution of Physical Education to these students? It was determined that the shared life stories, such as the experience of body practices through games and dances, contributed to the appreciation of ludic knowledge, playing freely and expressing creativity, marked in memory as an unique body, diverse and reflective. It revealed the desire of continuing the classes, the feeling of belonging and necessity to broaden the reflections on the emerging themes. With the results obtained, it is expected that Physical Education at EJA can have its space enlarged beyond documents and discussions, with public policies that guarantee the student's rights to participate effectively in classes, respecting the public's particularities and needs.
Espécies superabundantes da fauna nativa e os desafios para seu controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Silva, Aracelis Piovezani; Nogueira, Selene Siqueira da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7824824785994078; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2467854735224317
Anthropogenic disturbances have contributed to the overabundance of native species. This study aims to provide an overview of this issue. The discussion of new perspectives is quite helpful for decision makers when facing biodiversity conservation issues related to the identification and control of overabundant species. In addition to this review of studies carried out on superabundant species and possible control measures, we contextualize some impacts caused by superabundant species in the State of São Paulo, with data obtained from the Department of Wild Fauna Management - State Secretariat of Environment, Infrastructure and Logistics. We also analyzed the current legislation for the protection of native fauna, which allows for population control measures. As a result of the 158 articles analyzed, the term "superabundante" (overabundant) was the most frequently used (71.23%). Most of the studies were carried out in the USA, followed by Australia, where 82.19% described problems caused by mastofauna. The species with the highest number of citations (18) was Odocoileus virginianus. Although we analyzed publications dealing with health, economic or human-fauna conflict problems, the majority of publications dealt with environmental problems. Slaughter was the most frequently mentioned control measure. From these results, we can conclude that there are gaps in the research on superabundant species, especially on their control, in order to achieve the expected results of reducing their impact. Also, the adoption of a single concept to describe these species would be beneficial for communication on the subject. In the State of São Paulo, the species Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, Linnaeus, 1766 (capybara) is found in superabundance in several regions, mainly in urbanized areas, and the current legislation allows actions to control superabundant fauna populations, which are mainly carried out by the private sector.
Tendências da Engenharia de Materiais na sustentabilidade corporativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Santos, Gabriela Camargo Fernandes dos; Marini, Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
Faced with environmental, social and economic challenges, there is a growing demand from the market and consumers regarding new attitudes in the corporate environment. Thus, companies are aware of the ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) agenda, targeting guidelines such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, concern for society such as diversity and inclusion of minorities, and data transparency for information security. In the environmental segment, there is currently a concern related to polymers, from their production to their numerous applications, due to the accumulation of waste in seas and oceans, damage to fauna and flora and even harm to human health. Solutions to these problems arise through the circular economy, with solid waste management, recycling processes, development of sustainable materials and monitoring impacts on the life cycle, functions that require knowledge of Materials Engineering, demonstrating the importance of the profession on this theme. The present work addresses the importance of the role of Materials Engineers and the possibilities of professional guidance in a career in sustainability for a person with this degree, if you are interested in the subject. From this, based on the reading of articles, analysis of plans for sustainable development of ESG-oriented companies and on interviews with people working in this segment, one sees a greater movement in relation to polymer packaging, since these are one of the predominant applications of plastics and with a shorter life cycle, being quickly discarded, considered “single use”. This type of application values polymer characteristics such as lightness, mechanical, chemical, thermal resistance, and variety of design, but does not consider the high durability aspect of this material, remaining many years in nature. Thus, the importance of the analytical character provided by the engineering course is evident, being essential a critical view from the resin to the disposal of the material. The direction of action is diverse and can range from data analysis, such as, for example, using life cycle analysis tools, to practical tasks with carrying out tests for the validation of materials and additives. Another point is related to the relevance of communication, it being essential to transmit information in a didactic way to avoid losses in the performance and disposal of the product made by the consumer. Therefore, knowledge of materials engineering significantly contributes to the ESG character in companies that produce or use polymeric materials.
Reatores de biofilme utilizados no tratamento de efluentes e na geração de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Silva, André Jesus Marques da; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
The increase in domestic and industrial waste has accompanied the rapid growth of population and industrial development since the beginning of the 20th century. Speaking of the century, the correct disposal of urban waste is one of the greatest challenges for humanity in the 21st century, and with each decade the problem becomes more and more complex. The incorrect disposal of both liquid and solid waste causes environmental degradation and contamination, thus generating serious risks to public health and the well-being of the population. In addition, one can think of adding value to this waste, transforming it into energy, generating jobs, contributing to the economy, and strengthening the sustainable development of the productive sector. If the emphasis is given to liquid waste, or industrial effluents, it is immediately revealed that they are one of the main sources of direct and continuous entry of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. One possible treatment process for these effluents is through bioreactors specifically designed to support a biologically active environment, i.e. where bacteria and protozoa (the biomass) can grow and consume some (or all) contaminating substances. In this context, the present work aimed to present, through a literature review, the most recent and relevant contributions on wastewater treatment and H2 production in biofilm reactors. The forms of wastewater treatment (physical, chemical, biological) were reviewed and, in particular, the reactors that use the anaerobic digestion process. The bibliographical research indicated that there is a great diversity of works that use the most varied substrates for the treatment, clearly showing that this is an area still under technological development. In general, anaerobic reactors are highly effective in effluent treatment, producing at the same time a large amount of H2, in an average, according to studies, of about 80%.
A importância da produção de açúcar no Brasil: revisão sobre os aspectos sócio-econômicos-ambientais do processo produtivo do açúcar no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Epifânio, Hugo Rodrigues; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
The objective of this work is to review the socio-environmental and socio-economic aspects of the sugar production process from sugar cane in Brazil. In this way, obtaining with the work the understanding of the concepts of the productive process of sugar in Brazil and mainly, its relation with socioenvironmental and socioeconomic aspects, that present its importance for the country. In Brazil, sugar production comes from the cultivation of sugar cane, making the country the world's largest producer and the largest exporter of sugar, followed by India and China. Data from the Union of the Sugarcane and Bioenergy Industry (UNICA) and the National Supply Company (CONAB) indicate that the country currently has around 8.1 million hectares planted and processed around 665.1 million tons in the 2020/2021 harvest. Sugarcane production takes place by region: from September to March in the north and northeast regions, and from April to November in the center-south, therefore, the planting and harvesting process in Brazil is practically continuous. Due to the fact that Brazil occupies the first place in the world in the production and export of sugar and ethanol, linked to the growth of the world population, the food industry and the constant search for renewable fuels that can replace oil and that are less harmful to the environment environment, the cultivation and processing of sugarcane has increasingly gained global prominence, and consequently, the sugar production process.
Desafios no atendimento a mulheres vítimas de violência de gênero na universidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Carvalho, Natalia; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
Gender violence is a public health problem that mostly affects women, harming their mental and physical health. This type of violence also finds space in the university field, causing the women involved to have their academic and professional performance affected. To combat this phenomenon, it is necessary to act together, involving different sectors, such as health, education, social assistance, public security, culture, justice, among others. Furthermore, it is necessary to qualify professionals who mobilize new knowledge that contribute to care with potential for the emancipation of women. The present study sought to investigate the performance of administrative technicians from a federal university with victims of gender violence, identifying the challenges and difficulties experienced by these professionals. Eight administrative technicians participated in the research, 5 females and 3 males, aged between 32 and 61 years (M= 39.37; SD= 9.95), most with postgraduate degrees. (87.5%) and all carried out activities to assist university students. The results showed that the participants have knowledge about gender violence, efficient tools and techniques to promote a comprehensive care model and knowledge of the care network. Difficulties related to structural issues were evidenced, such as the lack of policies and measures to confront, disarticulation and sectorialization of actions and victimization of the victim. Possibilities for preventing and coping with gender violence at the university are discussed, in order to think of actions that contribute to an egalitarian academic environment and, consequently, conducive to the academic and professional development of women.
A inclusão de alunos surdos em escolas regulares: Desafios para o ensino de Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Pimenta, Francis Laine Felisbino; Rocha, Daniele Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0948893650052847
Inclusive education aimed at deaf students has undergone many changes in recent years, especially in relation to legislation that guarantees access and permanence of deaf students in Brazilian schools, but there are still some barriers to be overcome. The objectives of this research consist of describing and analyzing the possible challenges encountered both by teachers in the area of Biological Sciences and by deaf students, describing which strategies and didactic resources were used and applied in the classroom, knowing the legislation regarding the theme , to analyze the role of the Libras interpreter and its possibilities in helping deaf students and, finally, to present perspectives and possibilities for the teaching-learning of this discipline. The methodology developed in this work was a qualitative bibliographical research, based on scientific publications in the period of 2011 and 2020, regarding the challenges faced by professionals who work in teaching Biology to deaf students. As a result, it was found that despite the legal guarantees that determine the inclusion of deaf students in Brazilian schools, conditions are still lacking for inclusive education to become Biology truly inclusive a reality in our country.
Facilitadores e barreiras de um programa de exercícios físicos para gestantes por meio da telefisioterapia: estudo observacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Mathias, Carolina; Venâncio, Michele Garcia; Beleza, Ana Carolina Sartorato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4139635204538357
Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women remain in the risk group, being removed from health services and due to social isolation, they have become more prone to sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity during the gestational period allows the reduction of risk factors (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertensive disorders, among others), musculoskeletal discomforts and excessive body mass gain. However, with social isolation, the maintenance of physical activity was restricted, being necessarily necessary in this context. In this sense, the Federal Council of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy regulated the physical therapist's remote assistance, as an alternative for the care of pregnant women in social isolation. Despite the importance of telephysiotherapy, its recent nature in Brazil and sociocultural aspects may compromise the viability of interventions applied remotely. Objective: To verify the viability of the participation of pregnant women in an online physical exercise group. Method: This is a retrospective and observational study, with a quantitative approach, in which pregnant women who were part of an Online Physical Exercise Guidance Group participated. The participants answered an online form composed of sociodemographic data and obstetric history, as well as quantitative data of interest, which included the practice of physical exercises, type and quality of the internet, work of the team that led the exercises and environment for the practice. . Results: The study included 17 pregnant women, with a mean age of 36.2 years (SD = 4.08), 94.2% with higher education. Regarding the type of internet, only 5.8% of the participants used broadband, the other 94.1% used residential Wi-Fi. 11.7% of the participants reported having stopped participating in a session due to the internet connection. The most used device to participate in the sessions was the computer 52.9%, followed by the cell phone 41.1% and only 5.8% of the participants used a tablet/iPad.As for the health equipment that the participants had at home to measure vital signs, 58.8% of the participants had a device to measure blood pressure and 64.7% had a device to check their heart rate. About the work of the team that commanded the exercises, the answers obtained were: about the command voice of the leadership, 94.1% answered very good and 5.8% good; welcome/empathy 94.1% answered very good and 5.8% good; clarity in the instructions about the exercises 82.3% very good and 17.6% good; need to adapt some exercises 82.3% very good and 17.6% good. Regarding the exercise protocol, the considerations made were: 94.1% considered it very good and 5.8% good. When asked about the attention given by the team of professionals, 100% answered very good. Finally, with regard to the adequacy of the exercise protocol for pregnant women, 64.7% answered I completely agree and 35.2% answered I agree. Conclusion: It is concluded that for this group of women the practice of physical exercise online was feasible, however, several adaptations are possible to increase the potential adherence of this population to this modality of physiotherapeutic intervention.
Biorrefinarias: a utilização de lodo de esgoto para a produção de ácidos graxos voláteis, polihidroxialcanoatos e biocrude
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Di Favari, Isabella Durante; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
This work aims, firstly, to present a bibliographic review on circular bioeconomy and biorefineries. The circular economy seeks to be an alternative to the linear economy, its objective is to minimize single-use products, reaffirming concepts such as recycling, transforming waste into products and minimizing or completely eliminating waste. The circular bioeconomy aims to use raw materials from renewable and sustainable sources. The concept of biorefinery was proposed based on the problem of the current dependence on oil derivatives and fossil fuels and their political and environmental consequences. In biorefineries, using biomass that would otherwise be discarded, it is possible to produce energy and other products. In this way, waste is used to obtain value-added and, above all, sustainable products. For a more detailed review, sewage sludge was chosen as the raw material to be further investigated, due to its wide availability in the country and low economic value. With regard to products, the focus is on short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetic acid and lactic acid, from sludge fermentation, as they are extremely necessary and used in various types of industries, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), substances similar to polyester that are the result of the metabolism of some bacteria in substrates rich in fatty acids, can be applied in several areas in the substitution of polymers of fossil origin and, finally, biocrude, an oil obtained from the hydrothermal liquefaction of treated sludge and which has the possibility of being used in refineries to supplement or replace fossil oil. The products chosen for an in-depth study have economic, technological and sustainable advantages. A broad view of the situation of sewage sludge in Brazil is also carried out, in order to reflect on the possibility of implementing sludge biorefineries that produce AGVs, PHAs and biocrude in Brazil.
A utilização de resíduos urbanos na geração de energia elétrica na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Andrade, Lívia Sanches; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708
This project aimed to determine the viability of installing an Energy Recovery Unit in São Carlos. To fundament the thesis, the impact of the current pattern of waste disposal was analyzed, from social to financial aspects, such as its long-term fit within the growing sustainability aspect. Once the need for alternative routes was identified, a comparison was made between the models of energy use by thermal degradation and their application in other countries. Since this set of processes occurs only in favorable burning conditions, a detail of the raw material was made based on information provided by the Municipal Plan of Integrated Waste Management, the Energy Research Company, and other reliable studies. Through this, the calorific power values and the energy potential generated for the total amount of municipal solid waste (US) produced per day in the city were obtained, to obtain the first green light towards the project's goal. Following the financial analysis, cash flow projections were made taking as reference the initial investments and operating conditions from the same type of industry in Barueri, which will be inaugurated in 2026, along with expenses and profits reported in other functional plants. Through the calculations of present value, initial rate of return, and payback time, twelve scenarios were created with variations of energy prices, carbon credit, and payment of loans to approximate the simulation of reality. Finally, the benefits of this sustainable process have been proven, creating solid theses to further defend the intelligent garbage disposal. The exponents of this discussion were also the significant reduction of its volume, the generation of clean energy in place of non-renewable sources, and the social and environmental protection guaranteed with the portion of hazardous waste used in the burning.
Precificação da colheita de sementes nativas em redes comunitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Perussi, Gabriel; Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; Silva, José Mauro Santana da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3943385161526758
The large number of areas to be restored in Brazil, whether due to national legislation or international agreements, generates a great demand for native seeds to meet restoration projects. Even with the performance of community seed networks throughout the country, the seed supply market faces several difficulties, such as the discrepancy in seed sales prices and the disorganized market structure. To better understand how this market works, it is necessary to understand which factors can influence the cost of production of native seed. For this, the present work proposed to evaluate which variables from different contexts influence the cost of production. Data were collected in the field, but also in bibliographic searches, and semi-structured interviews were carried out in order to explore several variables that permeate the work of seed harvesting. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlations and comparison of means with standard error graphs and Mann-Whitney tests. However, of the listed variables, none showed a statistically significant value that, with the variable alone, it was possible to predict some behavior of the final production cost of the seed in R$/kg. This indicates that seed cost relationships may be more complex than expected in this work, and a multivariate statistical approach may be necessary. However, it was still possible to document important information about the harvesting process that had not previously been recorded in specialized bibliography.
Dragqueenismo no Cariri cearense: tradição, corpo, cultura e performance
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Martins, Enrique Bruno Lima; Leite Júnior, Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0614286716807073
This work intends to discuss about the practice of drag queenism in Cariri, which is located in the south region of Ceará and how the actors of this art are articulated in an inland region, contributing to the debate about the possibilities and forms provided by drag art. In addition to the interviews with drag queens from Cariri, the analyzes take place in two main moments, which took place in two bars in the region, one in the city of Crato and the other in Juazeiro do Norte, where, respectively, one takes place a competition of drag queens and in the other there was a drag show interpreting Madonna. It is not my intention to construct or elaborate any dimension that would be able to understand the drag phenomenon in its entirety, or try to measure the degree of subversion or assimilation that exists in this art. I propose here a sample of the critical possibilities that are offered by these subjects who, from the hinterland of Ceará, dispute through dragqueenism the affirmation of their artistic identities, contributing to the diffusion and affirmations of the regional culture.
Estágio em educação ambiental na Fubá Educação Ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Pompilio, Geovanna Dela Ricci Maronesi; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8758340280166994
The Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Bacharelado em Gestão e Análise Ambiental da Universidade Federal de São Carlos profess that the Final Course Project may constitute a professional Internship. Therefore, the objective of this internship was to get to know the dimensions, principles and tools of critical, dialogical and inclusive environmental education and monitor its practical application, in addition to planning and monitoring environmental education activities, mainly aimed at biodiversity conservation, at the company Cornmeal Environmental Education (São Carlos - SP).
Análise comparativa de uma planta de etanol de milho e de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-13) Marchetti, Leonardo Schirrmeister; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3361
Brazil is one of the main ethanol producers in the world, with sugarcane as the main source of raw material for its production, while other countries like the United States have a significant share of the ethanol market using corn as raw material. In recent years, sugarcane production has not grown significantly and new corn-based ethanol plants have been implemented in Brazil, mainly in the Midwest region, thus reducing the participation of sugarcane in ethanol production, although it is still the main raw material used. In this sense, this work aims to develop a comparison between the two plants with a focus on Brazil, using the SWOT Analysis methodology (S - Strengths, W - Weaknesses, O - Opportunities, T - Threats), seeking to identify from the literature the points that hinder or facilitate the implementation of a project in Brazil using the different sources in the internal environment (plant operation) and the external environment (macro vision of the project), building a SWOT Matrix for each project. Through the present work it was possible to raise as main points that facilitate a corn ethanol plant the high agricultural production, the corn composition, the project maturity period, and the possibility of corn storage, while for sugarcane it was listed the energy production, the high productivity of sugarcane per hectare, possibility of E2G production, favorable environmental issue, co-products and possible lower exposure to the external market. Analyzing the points that hinder the implementation of the corn project, one can mention the energy consumption in the industrial process, the unfavorable environmental issue, and greater exposure to the foreign market.