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Estudo sobre redes cicloviárias em regiões metropolitanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Freato, Maria Paula Rosa; Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-8789; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6601562254675182; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-9761
The choice of non-motorized modes of transportation for the population's displacement is essential in order to elevate standards of quality of life. The bicycle, for example, can be an element of reordering and reconfiguration of urban space, as well as efficiently integrating with other modes. Much is discussed nationally and internationally about utilitarian bicycle trips in the urban context. Thus, extrapolating to a regional context, promoting the use of bicycles for daily commuting between cities located in metropolitan regions can be an alternative. Therefore, considering that the strategic planning of cycle networks between cities in the face of Brazilian urban-road interfaces is still incipient, this study sought to study the relationship between cycling and commuting trips through infrastructure evaluation. Thus, the present study aimed to define an evaluation method for a cycle network for commuting trips on a metropolitan scale, considering safety and accessibility criteria. The study was composed of two stages: (1) definition of an instrument for evaluating cycle infrastructure in metropolitan regions through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis and (2) application of the instrument in the case study, using Geographic Information System. For the development of stage 1, a questionnaire was elaborated and applied to obtain a hierarchy of importance among the criteria through the perception of the interviewees. For stage 2, the recent and promising Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto (SP) was chosen as the study area, due to its non-conurban territorial characteristics and presence of intense commuting flows. The results indicated: (i) according to the general perception of the interviewees, the order of importance of the criteria (stage 1), being (a) cycle management (0.29), (b) cycle design (0.28), (c) cycle perception (0.22), (d) cycle facilities (0.21); and (ii) in the case study in RMRP (stage 2), roads with potential for implementing a cycle network that connect Ribeirão Preto to the cities of (a) Jardinópolis, (b) Sertãozinho, (c) Serrana, in addition to its ring road, however, mostly characterized by regular and poor scores. Finally, considering that the selected areas are of great relevance and, on the other hand, present their weaknesses, the suggested network was qualified in order to establish it to local realities. It is concluded that the study contributed to the use of bicycles in medium and long-distance routes, from the perspective of safety, as well as emphasized a great potential for implementing a cycle network in Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto (SP).
Perspectiva, implementação, gestão e tecnologias da agricultura digital: um estudo de caso aplicado ao agronegócio brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Manfredo Neto, Leonardo; Voltarelli, Murilo Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4889939917847330; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-1705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5595727823886212; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-8368
The agribusiness has been characterized for being relevant in the Brazilian’s national scenario, in terms of participation in economy, exports and environment. The agriculture 4.0 represents benefits for all society, businesses and corporate governance. The theme has presented lack in conceptual terms regarding its implementation and new conformation paradigms. In this context, the objective of this paper aimed to verify how was the status of its implementation through an empiric approach, by studying a Brazilian agribusiness technology company and, additionally, by investigating the literature and scientific production (national and international), in terms of product development and management strategies. The study combined a systematic literature review with a case study, through exploratory research with qualitative nature, to clarify and delimit the concepts related to this topic. It has been identified issues in reliable bases, previous research have been synthesized and integrated, and it have brought implications of theoretical construct, through an organized and systematized vision. The results of the systematic review and case study, based on the three key concepts established (implementation, management and technology development), and their respective subdivisions into topics, brought the visibility of the state of the art in the academic context, added to the empirical application evidence through the case study in the field. Additionally, the paper contributed to analyze the challenges involving the fourth revolution in agriculture, in terms of planning levels (operational, tactical and strategical), added to the visibility by segments (sugar-energy, grains, forestry, equipment manufacturers) and company sizes, as well as, contributing with innovative concepts on referential agriculture and general index for the agriculture 4.0. Finally, the scores, interpretations and status of all parameters, segments and organizations have been demonstrated and explained, correlating documents, interviews and the applied questionnaire to bring important inferences for the sector. The paper has highlighted future directions for academics and managers to obtain assertive visibility about the most recent technological revolution in the field.
Evasão no ensino superior: análise dos indicadores do censo do INEP para os cursos de licenciatura em ciências da natureza e matemática na região sudeste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Silva, Gilson Brito Rodrigues da Silva; Lozano, Daniele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775248941851933; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-5403; Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-9506; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2366877871338382; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-7125
This work is organized into five chapters and used the information provided by INEP, referring to the period from 2009 to 2019, to measure dropout rates in undergraduate courses in the Southeast region, focusing on degrees linked to the areas of natural sciences (biology, physics, chemistry) and mathematics. The first chapter presents the methodological procedures adopted for the construction of this discussion. To this end, we carried out a quantitative analysis of microdata from the Census of Higher Education using Microsoft Excel software and its supplements. The second chapter discusses the teacher training process, going through initial preparation, within graduation, to continuing education. We reflect on the main government policies that are related to this theme, pointing to the need for a balance between theory and practice throughout the teacher training process. The third chapter proposes a discussion on the educational path in Brazil, especially on access to higher education. We present some public policies that provided admission to students, especially the less favored ones, throughout this period. The fourth chapter deals with evasion in higher education and highlights the longitudinal tracking of undergraduates. It is noticed that the methodology adopted by INEP for this purpose obtains higher education monitoring indicators through five rates. However, in our study, we used raw data, considering the total number of incoming, permanent, graduating, dropping out and deceased students, so that we could find the average dropout rate in each of the observed courses. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the results obtained and compares them with the indexes proposed for Higher Education in the current National Education Plan. That said, we note that enrollments in public education are less representative compared to enrollments in private education, in addition to having teachers teaching without proper training, among the five degrees. In the final considerations, we bring elements for reflection on teacher education. We also verified that higher education demands public policies that, in addition to ensuring the student's permanence throughout the course, enhance this training space as a scenario of social transformation.
Inflamação miocárdica: papel da dexametasona e do ramipril no remodelamento cardíaco de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Duchatsch, Francine; Amaral, Sandra Lia do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-3739; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9855006759097549; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-4495
Cardiac inflammation has been considered an important mechanism involved in heart failure (HF). Anti-inflammatories, such as dexamethasone (DEX), could be used to control cardiac inflammation, while that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to improve survival for regressing cardiac remodeling in HF. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of DEX treatment or ramipril treatment on inflammation and cardiac remodeling. Wistar rats were submitted to an aortic stenosis (AS) protocol. After 21 weeks, an echocardiogram was performed and, after 24 weeks of surgery, animals were treated with DEX (50μg/kg, s.c.), ramipril (10mg/kg, via gavage) or saline. After treatment, all rats were submitted to an echocardiogram and, at the end of experimental protocol, the groups were euthanized, and left ventricle was removed for analysis of cytokines and inflammatory markers, as well as histological analyzes. The results showed that the animals with AS had an increase in the relative thickness of the left ventricle (+63%), while the treatment with DEX attenuated this increase (-17%) and treatment with ramipril did not promote any change. Although the AS surgery promoted an increase in fibrosis in the heart (+70%), only the DEX treatment attenuated this increase significantly (-23%). This cardiac remodeling promoted worsening of cardiac function that was not readjusted with the improvement of cardiac remodeling with both treatments. The improvement in cardiac remodeling in the treatment with DEX may be related to the improvement in the inflammatory profile in the treatment, as there was a reduction in the cytokines and inflammatory markers that were increased with AS. Although treatment with ramipril did not promote any significant changes in cardiac remodeling, it is already possible to observe an attenuation of the cardiac inflammatory profile in these animals. In conclusion, the present study suggests that DEX may be beneficial in mitigating the progression of heart disease due to an attenuation of cardiac remodeling induced by lower cardiac inflammation. In addition, although treatment with ramipril attenuated cardiac inflammation, it did not significantly improve cardiac remodeling or function, suggesting that longer periods of ramipril treatment could be used.
Percepções de pais de filhos com transtorno do espectro autista sobre o impacto nas ocupações paternas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Rezende, Vanessa da Costa; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0888495255994547; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-5877
The daily care of a child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) brings significant changes in the daily life of a family in need of adaptations in the roles of its members and attitudes towards a new lifestyle. Research related to paternal occupations has not yet been so explored compared to studies with mothers when it comes to a child with ASD. This study aims to identify parents' perceptions about the impact of daily care for their children with ASD on their occupations. This is a descriptive-exploratory and quali-quantitative research. Participants are parents of children diagnosed with ASD who agreed to participate in the research in accordance with ethical procedures. Data collection took place exclusively through the Google Forms questionnaire, addressed to the father, which addressed questions related to activities carried out in daily life with their child with ASD and their relationships with other paternal occupations. The sample was composed of 28 participants. The sample was characterized by parents with an average age of 41 years old, most of them are married and live with their wives and their child (ren) with ASD. They have completed high school and have paid professional activity. Most of their children are boys, between the ages of 3 and 6, who attend school and receive care from specialized professionals. The results indicate that the father makes changes in his work occupations due to the daily life with his son with ASD and demonstrate restrictions in study and leisure occupations. They recognize the mother's participation as the majority however they participate and are aware of what happens to their child. The exploratory analysis verified the confirmation of four of the 16 hypotheses tested: (1 and 2) the higher the father's education level, the greater the frequency of rehabilitation services in the private network and the frequency of the child with ASD in school private. (3) Parents who practiced religious activities frequently declared greater presence in the responsibilities of domestic activities. And finally (4), it was confirmed that parents who practiced religious activities frequently and with higher education, filled out the open space of the questionnaire expressing feelings, pain, beliefs, emotions and sharing facts and challenges of their daily lives. It is suggested that future research explore the investigated variables, plus others (for example, the severity of the symptom of the child with ASD, the number of children, size of the support network) with a greater number of participants in the perspective of demonstrating, further, the needs of the father with the child with ASD and developing support for him.
Construção de metodologia para avaliação do uso de informação geográfica na gestão pública municipal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Almeida, Vitor Laytynher Santos de; Stanganini, Fábio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1850479504728279; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-3578
In an urban context, many technological advances in areas such as remote sensing, computation, and information technology have enabled the gathering of a massive quantity of geographic data, which contributes to the decision making of governments. These are data about traffic and vehicles, about infrastructure network, socioeconomic data, territory demarcations, and many other types of data from different sectors, which need to become compatible, to be organized, and to be easily accessed in order to benefit public policies. In Brazil, although there are institutional incentives to the efficient managing of geographic information, many city level administrations still have a hard time dealing with this type of data. The goal of this project is to create and test a method able to quantify the use of geographic information in city hall processes and decisions, named GeoPerformance City Test. In order to do that, it was stablished some indicators (use patterns, data&software, operators, regulations, external use) and some parameters that would assemble a complete picture of the geographical data and its application context regarding a municipality. These indicators were then calibrated through consultation of specialized personnel following Delphi process. After that, it took place the geographic data conditions assessment for voluntary cities. As a result, specialized personnel pointed Data&Software and Operators as the most important items in order to seize full geographic data potential. However, city halls that contributed with the research pointed the lack of specialization on the matter, and also a generalized deficiency in institutional websites offering geographic data. Besides, there wasn't a strong agreement among consultants regarding indicators and parameters weights, as these factors showed substantial variations along the process. Main conclusion is that it seems to exist an impediment to the offering of city geoportals for common users, although city halls recognize spatial data as an important asset, hence the good results in Data&Software. Yet, there are still weak points, such as instructions and standards, and operators specialization. Regarding the assessment methodology, it showed that the gathering of information happens fast among cities, maybe due to the answer-guided form, and that it provides a fast and wide-ranging diagnosis about spatial data situation in city hall.
Metodologias sintéticas envolvendo reações fotoquímicas e eletroquímicas em condições de batelada e fluxo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Silva, Rodrigo Costa e; Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3692153703497359; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-7492
SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES INVOLVING PHOTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN BOTH BATCH AND CONTINUOUS FLOW CONDITIONS. Initially (Chapter 1), general aspects of the studied reactions were presented and in the chapter 2, a methodology for the photoarylation of diazines with aryldiazonium salts was described. This reaction was promoted by visible light in the absence of a photocatalyst. The diazines (pyrazine, pyrimidine and pyridazine) were arylated from 69 to 84% yield and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the individual components of the mixture were not photoactive while irradiated by visible light, but the reaction was promoted by a photoactive aggregate formed between the donor (diazines) and acceptors species (aryldiazonium salts) in solution, so-called as EDA complex. However, aspects related to the formation of EDA complexes in solution and some limitations of the methodology were observed. Alkylation reactions with alkyldiazonium salts have not been evaluated for safety reasons. Furthermore, the reaction required a large excess of diazines and was not regioselective with no advantages to be transposed to continuous flow conditions. Given the above, a methodology for the selective C–4 alkylation of pyridines under continuous flow was developed (Chapter 3). The UV irradiation of benzophenone in the presence of alkanes, promoted the formation of alkyl radicals by the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. The radicals reacted with a protected pyridinium salt, and the product was formed after deprotection using base. All the transformations were carried out under continuous flow in only 15 minutes residence time. Using deactivated and functionalized alkanes, both substituted and unsubstituted pyridines were alkylated from 23 to 71% yield. Mechanism studies suggested that benzophenone promoted the generation of alkyl radicals and oxidation of the radical intermediate. In Chapter 4, aspects related to the formation of EDA complexes in solution were evaluated and a methodology for the accelerated discovery of EDA-mediated reactions was developed. Overall, an algorithm employing image processing techniques was developed. The image-processing algorithm evaluated the color change after mixing the components, analyzed thin-layer chromatography plates and classified 1225 mixtures. The algorithm classified i) 1117 mixtures as without color change; ii) 45 mixtures as colorimetric reactions; iii) 30 mixtures as possible EDA, but without evidence of products after irradiation, and iv) 33 mixtures as possible EDA-mediated reactions. The algorithm identified that irradiation of the mixture containing triphenylphosphine and 4-nitrophthalonitrile produces the corresponding iminophosphorane via the EDA complex, thus revealing a new photocatalyzed chemical transformation. A small library of compounds was produced after reaction optimization. However, the optimized photochemical conditions, 48 hours at -20 °C, were considered impractical. In this way, a methodology for the electrochemical synthesis of iminophosphorane under continuous flow conditions was developed (Chapter 5). Acid-catalyzed chemoselective reduction of nitroaromatics in the presence of triphenylphosphine produced iminophosphoranes in up to 92% yield at room temperature and in only 5 minutes of residence time. Nitroarenes substituted with nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and triflate were compatible with the electrochemical conditions used. Mechanism studies suggested the formation of intermediate nitrenes generated via sequential-paired electrolysis. Finally, iminophosphoranes were also used in other synthetic protocols. Aldimines and amines were obtained by the aza-Wittig and Staudinger reduction reactions, respectively.
Ritos genéticos editoriais em periódicos: gestão das autorias na comunicação científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Clares, Letícia Moreira; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-0726; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5937201924820709; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7501-1984
Il s’agit d'une étude discursive-midiologique de la constitution éditoriale de l’auctorialité dans la communication scientifique, pour laquelle nous avons constitué un corpus provenant de quatre revues brésiliennes à large diffusion : Geousp: espaço e tempo, du Programme d'études supérieures en géographie de la FFLCH-USP ; Cerâmica Industrial, de l’Association Brésilienne de Céramique ; Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, du Département d’Ergothérapie de l’UFSCar ; et Rieb, de l’Institut d’Études Brésiliennes de l’USP. En s’appuyant sur le cadre théorique de l’analyse du discours basée sur le matérialisme, nous examinons les contraintes de l’auctorialité dans la production d’articles scientifiques dans différents domaines du savoir, en prenant en compte la relation entre auteur et co-énonciateur éditorial dans les rites génétiques éditoriaux (SALGADO, 2011), ainsi que la proposition méthodologique d'analyse de la place de l'auteur définie comme paratopie créatrice (MAINGUENEAU, 2014 [2006]) et son inextricable relation avec les enjeux du médium (DEBRAY, 2000a, b) dans l'édition scientifique. Au cours de la recherche, nous avons mobilisé une série de documents à diffusion restreinte qui constituaient pourtant notre corpus : entretiens avec des professionnels des revues susmentionnées ; les articles dans le processus d’évaluation par les pairs et leurs avis scientifiques respectives ; et les données du premier cours brésilien d’évaluation d’articles scientifiques, proposé par l'Association Brésilienne des Éditeurs Scientifiques (ABEC). En nous concentrant sur le rôle des éditeurs et des arbitres dans les processus de co-énonciation éditoriale, nous avons sélectionné des avis scientifiques et d’autres matériaux liés à l’évaluation par les pairs pour realiser des analyses des régimes de l’auctorialité des articles, considérant qu’il s’agit de cette étape décisionnelle de traitement des textes destinés à la publication que les particularités du système scientifique lui-même semblent plus fortes. Donc, nous réfléchissons sur la transitivité de l'auctorialité (chez SALGADO, 2016a), une approche matérielle de la gestion des processus qui, explicitée dans l’étape d’évaluation de l’articles, s’est également révélée être une composante des mondes éthiques de la communication scientifique, même si elle est voilée par ce que nous appelons d’effet de standardisation – une stratification des chercheurs, des carrières d’enseignant, des domaines de savoir et, par conséquent, des auctorialités eux-mêmes.
Avaliação experimental do desempenho mecânico de cavilhas de madeira engenheirada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Camargo, Marcos Vinício de; Moura, Jorge Daniel de Melo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6702835576788945; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-8524; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854442313369239; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-9189
The civil construction industry in the world context has sought more efficient construction systems with regard to environmental preservation. The wood usually used comes from native forests, which are increasingly scarce. With the strengthening of sustainability concepts, the need to develop viable alternatives for the rational use of species from planted forests was created. In this context, the present work presents the use of wood from the Pinus taeda species in order to add value to this raw material with great availability in the market. The research presents the characterization process of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna woods, as well as the behavior of Pinus wood after being subjected to the impregnation process with methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) impregnation method by vacuum - pressure, and thus increase the average values of the mechanical properties of wood from the species Pinus taeda. Proposing the use of engineered wood of the Pinus taeda species in the manufacture of dowels with the purpose of replacing metallic in wooden connections. To achieve this objective, an experimental program was carried out to characterize Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna woods, followed by impregnation tests and finally the elaboration and characterization of engineered dowels with (MMA). After carrying out the experimental program, satisfactory results were found, where the impregnation method proved to be effective, showing a gain in resistance to compression parallel to the fibers fc0 of Pinus taeda wood, denoting gains of up to 92% when compared to pieces without impregnation. Where the analyzes in dowels also showed stiffness gains for their use in connection elements
Explorando a dinâmica da formação e reorganização de classes de equivalência por meio da velocidade de respostas de escolha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26) Ribeiro, Giovan Willian; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-174X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950148178975664; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-9381
Studies that investigated equivalence class reorganization usually adopted participants’ response accuracy as dependent variable. The choice responses speed is sensitive measure to effects not detected by the accuracy and has been used to assess stimulus relatedness degree. We aimed to explore responses’ speed as a measure of the relational strength between stimuli of reorganized classes. In Experiment 1, undergraduates were divided into two groups after trainings and tests of equivalence class formation. The Reversal Group was submitted to a reversal training targeting some relations previously learned, while the Control Group performed a training involving new stimuli. Equivalence relations were then tested again. The Control Group speed increased from the first to the second tests; no differences between tests were observed for the Reversal Group. Experiment 2 investigated whether reorganization test speed is influenced by the amount of training exposure. Two groups underwent trainings and tests of class formation, followed by trainings and tests of class reorganization. An overtraining was performed by the StF Group before the formation tests and by the StR Group before the reorganization tests. The equivalence relations maintenance was tested after 14 or 30 days. The results showed that the StF Group speed was stable throughout the tests while StR Group speed increased from the formation to the reorganization tests and decreased in the maintenance. This indicates that overtraining increased the relational strength of reorganized classes, but impaired their maintenance. Experiment 3 manipulated the inclusion of meaningful stimuli in the classes. The group that related emotion expressions to abstracts stimuli (FACE Group) was more likely to respond correctly in training trials for class formation than the group that only used abstract pictures (ABS Group). When relations were reversed, the FACE Group was less likely to respond correctly during training. Speed showed that the FACE Group responded faster in the formation tests, while the ABS Group responded faster in the reorganization tests, although accuracy was the same for both groups in these steps. Therefore, the use of meaningful stimuli increased the probability of class formation, but hindered class reorganization. Experiment 4 used a pairing procedure to establish meaningful and meaningless S-S relations. A multiple-choice task assessed relational strength between stimuli. The multidimensional scaling technique was used to produce graphical representations of how equivalence classes are arranged in space based on responses speed. The use of meaningful stimuli was investigated, but unlike Experiment 3, the representations did not reveal differences in class formation and indicated that the stimuli were more strongly related after the reorganization for the group that used meaningful stimuli. These findings were interpreted in the light of Relational Density Theory (RDT). In short, the manipulated variables impacted class density and resistance as predicted by RDT, but results such as those of Experiment 4 still require a more elaborate theoretical interpretation.