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Itinerários rebeldes: a sociologia de Elisabeth Souza-Lobo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-02) Sorbille, Rosana Núbia; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-0090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782304564156617; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-6671
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo recuperar y evidenciar la originalidad y las contribuciones de la obra de Elizabeth Souza-Lobo para las Ciencias Sociales, en especial para la sociología brasileña. El hilo que conduce este trabajo es el de la reconstitución/presentación de una trayectoria intelectual que fue tejida por un compromiso político permanente, amalgamando saberes constituidos, militancia política y pesquisa académica. La investigación y la presente exposición buscan reproducir este mismo y doble sentido: de un lado, se propone un análisis entrelazado e inseparable de las contribuciones de la autora para los movimientos sociales de mujeres y feministas, organizaciones políticas obreras y la Sociología; de otro, comprender cómo la acción y la responsabilidad política y social incorporada por ella en su concepción de vida académica contribuyó para su agenda de pesquisa y producción intelectual. En otras palabras, una sociología brasileña políticamente comprometida y atada a los dilemas de su tiempo y sus necesarios reposicionamientos. Con ese propósito, para además de situar su producción académica, se destacó la presencia de la autora en las páginas del periódico “Em Tempo”.
Estudo da interação cardiorrespiratória e da oferta de oxigênio periférica e cerebral como moduladores da capacidade de exercício durante a aplicação do binível na coexistência da DPOC-IC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-02) Goulart, Cássia da Luz; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-6941; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9790656360225486; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-689X
This thesis is composed by 3 studies that will be described below: the study I: “Non-invasive ventilation improves exercise tolerance and peripheral vascular function after high-intensity exercise in COPD-HF patients”. Aim: To evaluate the acute effects of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NiPPV) during high-intensity exercise on endothelial function in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF). Methods: This is a randomized, double blinded, sham-controlled study involving 14 COPD-HF patients, who underwent a lung function test and Doppler echocardiography. In two different days, patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and two constant-work rate tests (80% of peak work rate from CPET) receiving Sham or NiPPV (bilevel mode - Astral 150) in a random order until the limit of tolerance (Tlim). Endothelial function was assessed using the technique flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) at three time points: 1) Baseline; 2) immediately post-exercise with NiPPV; and 3) immediately post-exercise with Sham. Results: Our patients had a mean age of 70±7 years, FEV1 1.9±0.7 L and LVEF 41±9%. NIPPV resulted in an increased Tlim (NiPPV: 130±29s vs Sham: 98±29s p=0.015) and SpO2 (NiPPV: 94.7±3.5% vs Sham: 92.7±5.2% p=0.03). Also, NiPPV was able to produce a significant increase in FMD (%) (NiPPV: 9.2±3.1 vs Sham: 3.6±0.7, p<0.05), FMD (mm) (NiPPV: 0.41±0.18 vs Sham: 0.20±0.11, p<0.05), Blood flow velocity (NiPPV: 33±18 vs Baseline: 20±14, p<0.05) and shear stress (SS) (NiPPV: 72±38 vs Baseline: 43±25, p<0.05). We found correlation between Tlim vs. ∆SS (p=0.03; r=0.57). Univariate-regression analysis revealed that increased SS influenced 32% of Tlim during exercise with NiPPV. Conclusion: The use of NiPPV during high-intensity exercise can acutely modulate endothelial function and improve exercise tolerance in COPD-HF patients. In addition, the increase of SS positively influences exercise tolerance. Study II: “Can non-invasive ventilation modulate cerebral, respiratory, and peripheral muscle oxygenation during high-intensity exercise in patients with COPD-HF?” Aim: To evaluate the effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)on (1) metabolic, ventilatory, and hemodynamic responses; and (2) cerebral (Cox),respiratory, and peripheral oxygenation when compared with SHAM ventilation during the high-intensity exercise in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF). Methods and Results: On separate days, patients performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing and two constant-work rate tests receiving NIPPV or controlled ventilation (SHAM) in random order until the limit of tolerance (Tlim). During exercise, oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb+Mb) and deoxyhemoglobin (DeoxyHb+Mb) were evaluated in the intercostal and vastus lateralis muscles and cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal region using near-infrared spectroscopy (Oxymon, ArtinisMedical Systems, Einsteinweg, The Netherlands). NIPPV associated with high-intensity exercise caused a significant increase in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2inmlO2·kg−1·min−1), minute ventilation peak (V̇E in ml/min), peak peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2, %), and lactate/tlim (mmol/s) when compared with SHAM ventilation. In cerebral, respiratory, and peripheral muscles, NIPPV resulted in a lower drop inOxyHb+Mb (p < 0.05) and an improved deoxygenation response DeoxyHb+Mb (p<0.05) from the half of the test (60% of Tlim) when compared with SHAM ventilation. Conclusion: Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation during constant work-rate exercise led to providing the respiratory muscle unloading with greater oxygen supply to the peripheral muscles, reducing muscle fatigue, and sustaining longer exercise time in patients with COPD-HF. Finally Study III: Exercise oscillatory breathing in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: clinical implication. Aim: I) to evaluate the impact of exertional oscillatory ventilation (EOV) in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)compared with patients without EOV (N-EOV); II) to identify the influence of EOV persistence (P-EOV) and EOV disappearance (D-EOV) during CPET on the outcomes of mortality and hospitalization in HFrEF patients; and III) to identify further predictors of mortality and hospitalization in patients with P-EOV. Methods and results: 315 stable HFrEF patients underwent CPET and were followed for 35 months. We identified 202 patients N-EOV and 113 patients with EOV. Patients with EOV presented more symptoms (NYHA III: 35% vs. N-EOV 20%, p<0.05), worse cardiac function (LVEF: 28±6 vs. N-EOV 39±1, p<0.05), higher minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V̇E/V̇CO2 slope: 41±11 vs. N-EOV 37±8, p<0.05) and a higher rate of deaths (26% vs. N-EOV 6%, p<0.05) and hospitalization (29% vs. N-EOV 9%, p<0.05). P-EOV patients had more severe HFrEF (NYHA IV: 23% vs D-EOV: 9%, p<0.05), had worse cardiac function (LVEF: 24±5 vs. D-EOV: 34±3, p<0.05) and had lower peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2) (12.0±3.0 vs D-EOV: 13.3±3.0 mlO2.kg-1.min-1, p<0.05). Among P-EOV, other independent predictors of mortality were V̇E/V̇CO2 slope ≥36 and V̇O2 peak≤12 mlO2.kg-1.min-1; a V̇E/V̇CO2 slope≥34 was a significant predictor of hospitalization. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that HFrEF patients with P-EOV had a higher risk of mortality and higher risk of hospitalization (p<0.05) than patients with D-EOV and N-EOV. Conclusion: In HFrEF patients, persistent EOV during exercise had a strong prognostic role. In P-EOV patients, V̇E/V̇CO2 ≥36 and V̇O2 peak≤12 mlO2.kg-1.min-1 were identified as indicators of negative prognosis.
Casas de sementes do Cariri Cearense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-02) Alves, Jorge Henrique; Sais, Adriana Cavalieri; Fachini, Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6214573083338177; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-882X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-5582; Forti, Victor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-3603; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6007739551771620; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6554-6736
Creole seeds are essencial for the preservation of agrobiodiversisty and are generally stored in individual seed banks or in institutions and collective farmers. Seed houses has an important role in the Brazilian semi-arid region, including the territory of Cariri, Ceará. Mapping and knowing the diversity of materials in the seed houses is necessary to understand the impacts and advantages of this social technology, as well as to define strategies to strengthen these spaces through the social organization linked to the development of public policy. The aim of this research is to map the creole seed houses in Cariri, Ceará, and analyze the diversity of materials kept in them. For this, the seed houses were registered and mapped throughout the Cariri region using georeferencing to produce maps through the spatial analysis tool QGIS 3.26. Based on visits, observations, and collection of information about the creation and management of seed houses, information was obtained regarding seed diversity. Thirteen active seed houses were identified in Cariri, most of them present in the central region, where organized agriculture communities are concentrated and there is support from partner institutions in the management and structuring of the seed houses. There was a great diversity of species stored, with beans, corn, fava beans, rice, sesame and pumpkin being the main species.
Bibliotecas públicas como agentes de transformação e redução de desigualdades: uma análise da perspectiva do campo Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-02) Cerrao, Natalia Gallo; Costa, Luzia Sigoli Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8110248272001369; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0889233459179310
It is essential that society reflects on its active and questioning role in the use of products and services and also in decisions about science and technology, also to the detriment of informational/digital inclusion and initiatives to combat inequality and unemployment, in particular in today's Information Society. Such observations are concerns and research questions of the Field Science, Technology and Society (STS), and they are being explored in several instances. The main objective of this research is to understand how public libraries operate as agents in the fight against exclusion, inequality, discrimination and misinformation, from the perspective of the Science, Technology and Society (STS) field. In addition, the objective was to identify, in the scientific literature, initiatives and practices that demonstrate the transforming and active role of libraries in society, through proposals for social, technological and informational transformations. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the methodological procedure of literature review was adopted, performing a search on the CAPES Periodicals Portal through a predefined protocol with search strategies and textual analysis with the creation of a file. Twenty-six articles were identified in accordance with the research objectives, being considered a small number in view of all the content available on the portal. Through the analysis of these articles, it was possible to reflect on the work of libraries and their relationship with the perspectives and reflections of the CTS Field. Among the most expressive activities, storytelling, reading circles, workshops for multiple learning and the availability of computers with Internet access are listed as the ones that were most cited in the retrieved articles, evidencing the expressive performance capacity of the libraries to promote transformations in it’s community.
Small and time-efficient distribution-free predictive regions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-02) Reis, Victor Candido; Izbicki, Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436861079295576
Predicting a target variable (response) is often the main objective of many studies and investigations. In such scenarios, there are usually other variables, known as covariates, that are more readily available and can assist in the prediction process. Regression and classification methods aim to utilize the statistical associations between all available information to model the variable of interest. During such modeling, there is a significant emphasis on estimating regions that describe the fluctuations of the response, allowing for the quantification of the uncertainty of point estimates. Conformal prediction methods (VOVK; GAMMERMAN; SHAFER, 2005) are a class of methods that aim to provide regions with general shapes and high probability guarantees, assuming only exchangeability, which is a weaker assumption than independent and identically distributed data. This allows for extensive use in various applications. New methodologies have been developed to improve the theoretical properties and applicability of the original ideas, with a practical perspective on execution and computational cost. Motivated by this context, this work aims to enrich the class of conformal prediction methods, with a particular focus on regression problems and proposes a new method that better utilizes available information, provides greater generality in the format of the regions, and is more efficient in terms of computational cost. The proposed method was compared with previous works using simulation studies, and it achieved competitive results.