Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2023-06-30"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17

Dinâmica espaço-temporal da cobertura de Mata Atlântica no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco e uso do habitat pela avifauna ameaçada da região
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Dias, Thiago da Costa; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7812; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3343198538235148; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-4106
The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots, harboring a high species richness and serving as the stage for some of the largest conservation challenges nowadays. A small portion of this biome located in northeastern Brazil, known as the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC), stands out for hosting a high concentration of threatened and restricted-distribution species. The irreplaceable ecosystems of the PEC have been continuously affected by deforestation, fragmentation, degradation, and defaunation, resulting in the loss of many crucial ecological relationships that maintain biodiversity. It is essential to promote management and conservation actions for species and habitats in the PEC to prevent anticipated species losses in the region. Across the PEC, investigating historical changes and the current state of forest habitats, and characterizing space use and distribution by its threatened wildlife may guide conservation efforts and assist decision-making focused on landscape management. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the forest cover in the PEC over the past 35 years (1985-2020) by (i) assessing trends in biomass accumulation/loss in remnants of native vegetation and (ii) identifying changes in the spatial configuration and distribution of forest habitats in the region. The study additionally intends to (iii) reveal the distribution, richness, key resources/habitats, and areas of high ecological relevance for the endemic and threatened avifauna of the PEC, ultimately proposing the creation of ecological corridors as a tool for biodiversity conservation. The condition of the PEC’s forest cover is alarming, and although biomass accumulation (greening) and improvements in metrics related to habitat quality were identified over the last decades, factors such as the reduced size of the fragments, severe edge effects, and the replacement of mature by secondary vegetation are current threats for the local biodiversity. The persistence of endemic and threatened birds in the PEC may rely on energetic and large-scale conservation strategies and landscape management, and here we propose the creation of the Pernambuco Endemism Center Restoration Arc (PEC- ARC), which may be able to connect fragments with high ecological relevance through forest restoration initiatives. Together with the ongoing conservation actions that became increasingly important to the PEC over the last years, this strategy may provide critical improvements in habitat quality over the region, increase gene flow and organismal movement, promote habitat recolonization, and ensure population adaptability to climate change, which may ultimately reduce the risks of future global extinctions expected for the region.
Desenvolvimento de modelo computacional com aplicação do Kalman Filter para detecção de vazamentos em redes de distribuição de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Zerunian, Rafael Humberto Machado; Kellner, Erich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5580; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6441403375997862; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4002-0707
In water supply systems, one of the types of loss are the Real Losses, mainly caused by leaks in water distribution networks and, therefore, constitute one of the most complex and urgent problems to enable a water resources management system for the urban environment that is effective, both from an environmental and financial perspective. Among the various approaches for combating and controlling leaks in water distribution networks, there is the use of probabilistic methods that can translate with reasonable accuracy the functioning of this type of dynamic system and among these methods is the Kalman Filter, largely used in the scientific field as a state prediction tool from the combination of data modeled with errors and data obtained through sensors, whose measurement has distortions that affect its accuracy. In this work, the objective was to review the main concepts of this application and analyze the viability of the method as an operational instrument that can be incorporated in a viable way in the daily life of operators of water supply systems. For this, the analysis parameters were established for a real water supply system in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. Hydraulic modeling was carried out based on data from the water supply service with the EPANET software and, later, real measurements were carried out at specific points of this network that served as a basis for the application of the Kalman Filter to determine leaks. From the collected data, a python code was developed that allows the determination of residual values of the iterative calculation of the Kalman Filter and that, therefore, demonstrated the relationship between these values and the occurrence of leaks in the distribution network. Despite the positive result, the study was able to determine that the method has limitations, such as the need for diffuse pressure measurements along the distribution network and the existence of a reliable system record, which in a large part of Brazil can be important obstacles.
Cuidados paliativos na clínica da infância: histórias de terapeutas ocupacionais que trabalham com o Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Lino, Eduardo Augusto; Saciloti, Isabelle Paris; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3700-397X; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1506958394601289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2834557483220546; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-8821; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-8533
Palliative care (PC) is the set of practices capable of providing improvement in the quality of life of the individual who faces a disease that threatens the continuity of life, as well as their family members, providing support in the emotional, social , spiritual, through multidisciplinary teams. PC with children imposes challenges in the face of all the complexity that involves facing diseases that threaten their lives, and processes of finitude and culturally situated mourning. Working in a complex scenario, such as PC, requires professionals to acquire knowledge, and reflection on practice is essential. Thus, this qualitative research used semi-structured interviews, transcribed and analyzed thematically, with four occupational therapists who work with the MTOD and who worked in the context of PC with children. The results of data analysis revealed four central themes: 1. Understanding the practice of occupational therapy in the MTOD in PC with children: the focus on the situation; 2. Occupational therapy care in the MTOD: expanding health possibilities and spaces; 3. The indissociability in personal-professional development: thinking about processes of finitude and taking care of the finitude of life and 4. Difficulties, challenges and facilities for working in PC. Such results provide guidance on elements of practice that require professional learning centered on the situation and based on occupation, considering that the MTOD promotes care that unfolds from dynamic movements between the occupational therapist, the target person and the activities that are called to compose the relationship based on needs and desires. It is expected to contribute both to a better understanding of occupational therapy care in PC in the childhood clinic, and to the discussion about learning professional practice in this context.
A reeleição de prefeitos em 2020: eleitorado, coligações e organização partidária nas eleições municipais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Souza, Zara Rego de; Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9677440499734236; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-9590
The practice of reelection for Executive Power positions was enacted in 1997 and has since shown to be a significant tool in Brazilian elections. At the municipal level, the 2020 election tallied 2,069 reelected mayors, marking the highest number of reelected mayors in municipal elections, accounting for 37% of all municipal executive seats. What factors contributed to these candidates' reelection? How did the parties of the reelected mayors organize themselves in the municipalities they ran in? What coalition strategies were employed? This study aims to analyze the party organization and coalitions established by the reelected mayors in Brazil in the 2020 municipal election. The central argument is that the way a party organizes itself in a municipality, combined with the chosen coalition strategy, positively influences the performance of mayoral candidates, leading to their reelection. To carry out this study, a literature review was conducted to understand how the topic is discussed in the academic setting. The data used pertains to the candidates for reelection of the municipal executive in 2020, sourced from the TSE website, processed using quantitative research techniques, employing descriptive statistics, and generalized linear models (GLMs). The primary indicators considered were the type of party organization (directory or provisional committee), the coalition strategy used by the parties, and the size of the contested electorate. The electoral coalitions of the mayors reelected in 2020 were analyzed in comparison with the coalitions formed in 2016 to identify shifts in candidates' behavior concerning their allies. The results indicated that candidates from directory-type party organizations had a 53.5% higher chance of being reelected compared to candidates who ran for reelection in provisional committee-type organizations. More extensive coalitions showed a higher likelihood of reelection, equivalent to a 20% increase for each party making up the coalition in the analyzed scenario. Municipalities with a larger electorate showed about a 2% lower chance of reelection for every thousand voters.
Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants through peroxymonosulfate activation: photocatalysts and reaction mechanisms
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Silva, Roberta Resende Maciel da; Nogueira, Francisco Guilherme Esteves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795; Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3941064154987852
Water pollution from organic compounds has become a growing concern worldwide due to the risks imposed on human health and the environment. The rapid advancements in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries have certainly improved our quality of life; however, the uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into water bodies has become a serious problem. Even in small quantities, these pollutants have a detrimental impact on human health and pose a threat to the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop technologies that can efficiently remove these pollutants from wastewater. To address this problem, this thesis work focused on exploring the potential of two novel approaches based on the photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for application in the remediation of water contaminated with organic compounds. In an attempt to develop cost-effective processes for industrial applications, the Co3O4 photocatalyst was applied to capture solar light to activate PMS for the degradation of the pesticide imidacloprid (IMD) in a continuous flow reactor. Under optimized conditions, 99% IMD photodegradation was achieved after two hours of operation. The outstanding performance of the Co3O4/PMS/solar irradiation process was attributed to the synergistic activation of PMS by Co2+ and Co3+ species in the Co3O4 catalyst and the ultraviolet (UV) component of solar irradiation, in either the homogeneous phase or after PMS adsorption onto Co3O4. It was found that the degradation mechanism of IMD in the Co3O4/PMS/solar irradiation system involved the formation of different oxidative reactive species (1O2, O2●−, and SO4●−), which were responsible for the oxidation of the pesticide. In a second approach, the g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 heterostructure was used to activate PMS under visible light (VL), for application in the degradation of a simulated wastewater containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as a model molecule of an organic pollutant. The photocatalytic tests revealed that the NiFe2O4/g-C3N4/PMS/VL system was successful in removing TCH over a wide pH range and in the presence of different anions commonly found in wastewaters. The superior degradation performance observed for the composite, compared to the pure oxides, was attributed to the synergism between heterojunction photocatalysis and PMS activation, generating the highly oxidizing 1O2, O2●−, and HO● species, responsible for effective degradation of TCH. Besides the fast kinetics, it also should be highlighted that the magnetic properties of the heterostructure facilitated separation of the photocatalyst for the purpose of reuse.
Empatia e preocupações psicológicas em cuidadores de pessoas idosas: revisão sistemática e efeitos do treinamento de empatia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Maximiano-Barreto, Madson Alan; Luchesi, Bruna Moretti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-0818; Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-7984; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1375494632507170; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9846
Empathy is an important ability in social interactions and can be a predictor of or protector form the negative impacts of care, such as psychological concerns (e.g., burden, depression, anxiety and stress). Thus, empathy training has been developed with caregivers of older people to minimize the negative impacts of care. The present thesis is divided into three studies. The first two are systematic literature reviews and the third is an original study. Objectives: The main objective was to analyze the effects of empathy training on burden levels in caregivers of older people. The following were the specific objectives: i) identify the relationship between psychological harm, empathy and its domains (affective and cognitive); ii) identify empathy training models and the effects on psychological concerns; and iii) evaluate the effects and efficacy of empathy training on psychological concerns and empathy in caregivers of older people. Methods: Two systematic reviews were performed of articles retrieved from the Embase, LILACS, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search strategy for the first review was “Empathy AND Caregiver AND (Depression OR Burnout OR Anxiety OR Caregiver Burden OR Psychological Stresses)” and the strategy for the second review was “Empathy AND (Education OR Training OR Intervention) AND Caregiver”. No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. The third study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial with follow-up involving 30 paid and unpaid caregivers of older people who participated in five online encounters. Data were collected on empathy and domains, burden, the impact of providing care, depressive symptoms and psychiatric symptoms before, immediately after and after the intervention). Empathy was also investigated 15, 30 and 60 days after the intervention. Results: In the reviews, we found that higher levels of empathy affective were associated with more psychological concerns. Direct associations were found between affective empathy and depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. In contrast, high levels of cognitive empathy were associated with fewer depressive symptoms as well as less stress and burnout syndrome. In the second review, empathy training methods were able to significantly increase levels of empathy and consequently reduce psychological concerns. In the clinical trial, the results revealed that online training was capable of diminishing psychological concerns (i.e., burden, impact of providing care and depressive symptoms) in caregivers of older people. Moreover, levels of cognitive empathy increased along the course of 15, 30 and 60 days after the intervention. Conclusions: The literature reports a direct association between affective empathy and psychological concerns. Higher levels of cognitive empathy can minimize psychological concerns. The literature revealed that empathy training for caregivers of older people can increase the levels of this ability, especially in the cognitive domain, as well as diminish psychological concerns. These results were confirmed by the empathy training conducted online.
Modelagem de conectividade entre áreas protegidas: proposta de rede de corredores para gestão integrada da paisagem na Região Hidrográfica Sul Catarinense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Mourão, Carla; Ferretti, Orlando Ednei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028532754013866; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-2376; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7416-939X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5949623731060072; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-6134
Anthropic pressures are fragmenting the landscape and condemning global biodiversity, which performs numerous ecological functions and provides ecosystem services for the maintenance and well-being of humanity on Earth. To ensure the preservation of these services, we need to mitigate the fragmentation process and thus achieve its full cascade effect. One of the main solutions for this process is to establish connections between the remnants of vegetation which allow the flow of species and thus maintain the genetic variation of populations. The objective of this study was to model a connectivity network between the Protected Areas in the Southern Hydrographic Region of Santa Catarina – Brazil. The proposed Biodiversity Corridors are more than areas of physical connection of habitats, but also a landscape planning unit in which the interstice zones are sustainable with respect to the use of land and natural resources, preserving biodiversity. Structural factors were considered based on maps of land use and land cover, size of forest remnants, Permanent Preservation Areas, terrain slope and as a differential, an ecological factor was inserted, the key species richness to provide a functional connectivity network based on the analysis of the lowest cost path for the formation of each corridor corresponding to the connection of the indicated points. As a result, the pixels that contained the lowest values resulting from the combination of cumulative origin and destination costs were identified, and nine potential corridors were modeled. In the analyzes of the corridors, it was possible to verify their respective uses and land cover and the conflict that exists with the legally protected areas, in addition to analyzing the vegetation index of each route and detecting the bottlenecks that were formed, in this way, determining the areas priorities for conservationist actions and propose guidelines for the integrated management of the landscape in the pursuit of quality of life.
Uma visita nunca é só uma visita: receptividade, política e amizade na comunidade quilombola Malhadinha - TO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Alves, Daniella Santos; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3558836529759494
This research is the result of the ethnographic immersion carried out in the Remanescente de Quilombo Malhadinha Community, located in the rural area on the border of the municipalities of Brejinho de Nazaré and Porto Nacional, in the State of Tocantins. The objective of this work is to show the constitution and modulations of receptivity – native category – in the daily life of the residents, but also when directed to the different others that appear in their relationships, noting its different uses when it is inflected in the face of conflicts and /or friendships. These modulations indicate the way in which the malhadenses control, approach and/or repel those who enter there. I present, therefore, the thesis of a synthesis of opposites, control and affection: that is, there is a double face in receiving well, constituted by actions that include, at the same time, making friends – lasting bonds of affection –, but which do not cease to on the other hand, asking visitors about the objectives that led or led them there, which makes the reception also marked by a certain amount of control and vigilance. In this sense, receptivity seems to be the way of not only ordering everyday life among the residents of Malhadinha, but also the way of carrying out politics specific to this quilombola community, considering that the reasons behind the arrivals and presence of foreigners are always involved in games of interests, negotiations, hierarchies, knowledge and power.
Sistemática para busca de anterioridade: parceria entre biblioteca universitária e núcleo de inovação tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Andrade, Elizete de Aguiar; Amaral, Roniberto Morato do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-231X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4712345322170519; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7498-4495
As a result of the performance of the innovation system, scientific and technological information is fundamental for the development, protection and exploitation of technological solutions and innovative enterprises. In this context, universities can act as entrepreneurial institutions, through the initiatives of the academic community, supported by a set of organizational units such as the university library (BU) and the technological innovation centers (NIT). The hypothesis of this research is that the rapprochement between BU and NIT contributes to the construction of solutions that support the success of the institutional project of the entrepreneurial university in the brazilian context, from the search for solutions based on the sharing of resources and skills, focused on the institutionalization of preview search process. The general objective was to investigate the performance of BU as an active actor of the entrepreneurial university, including the realization of the process of seeking priority in partnership with organizational units, involved in the performance of technology -based enterprises. The action research method was used and the object of study was the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The results achieved comprise the characterization of the approximation between the organizational units involved with innovation initiatives and technology -based enterprises at UFSCar, and the construction of a system for the realization of the prior search process, involving: 1) diagnosis of the problem situation and proposed solution; 2) anterior search course; 3) template - anterior search protocol and; 4) anterior search manual. It is concluded that the approximation between the BU and NIT units can contribute to the construction of solutions that support the success of the institutional project of the entrepreneurial university in the brazilian context, seeking solutions based on the sharing of resources and skills, focused on the institutionalization of the process of process Search for priority, aiming at the protection of intellectual property developed by the academic community, using patent documents.
Estudo geoambiental das microbacias do córrego Tanquinho e do córrego do Serralha no município de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Assalve, Layla Cristina de Freitas; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4470045264002417
In recent decades, urban acceleration due to market speculation has led to situations of imbalance between the environment and the anthropic environment. The implementation of human activities in a peri-urban environment without proper planning affects the natural balance of river basins, which play an important role in supplying water to urban areas, impacting the distribution capacity and water quality. The objective of this research was to carry out a Geoenvironmental Study of the micro-basins of the Tanquinho stream and the Serralha stream in the municipality of Araraquara-SP, so that technical contributions guide decision-making in conducting urban development compatible with sustainable development and the protection of water resources. A diagnosis of geoenvironmental units was carried out using cartographic products that were integrated into a GIS environment, generating a summary cartographic document: Map of Geoenvironmental Units at a scale of 1:20,000. Carrying out the Geoenvironmental Study based on the spatial intersection operation proved to be efficient, allowing the geoenvironmental attributes to be analyzed and correlated in an integrated manner. The compartmentalization of the microbasins resulted in thirteen homogeneous Geoenvironmental Units considering the influences of variables on water resources. The different classes of uses, together with the relief forms and unconsolidated materials, have different influences on the water resources of the Tanquinho and Serralha streams in terms of water accumulation in the drainage, favoring subsurface exfiltration. The slope classes and the greater or lesser waterproofing of the soil influence the surface water runoff or the infiltration of water into the underground layers. From the analyzes it was found that it is necessary to adopt management practices that do not increase waterproofing, that increase infiltration rates and reduce surface water runoff, in addition to means of soil recovery and protection of springs, especially in Units 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10, which already suffer from degradation in water resources.
Desenvolvimento do protocolo de instrumentos para verificar a eficácia do programa iSupport-Brasil para cuidadores informais de pessoas que vivem com demência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Pilegis, Anabel Machado Cardoso Alvarenga; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9974285971672008; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-7503
Due to the length of time that caregivers spend helping their family member living with dementia and the conditions under which this involvement tends to occur, it is common for the caregiver to develop physical and psychological health problems. Urge to initiatives that focus on the well-being and quality of life of these caregivers. In this scenery, the iSupport-BR program emerges, being a psychoeducational tool focused on the needs of caregivers of people living with dementia. There is a demand to evaluate the effects of this program for informal caregivers, through a sensitive evaluation protocol that assesses the domains impacted by iSupport. Objectives: To describe the process of developing a protocol to assess the effects of the iSupport-Brazil program on the mental health and well-being of informal caregivers of people living with dementia. Method: This is a multicenter, methodological study, carried out between 2020 and 2022, to describe the elaboration process of the protocol to assess the effects of the iSupport-Brazil program, consisting of six main steps. The procedures adopted for this study were: (1) Detailed analysis of the protocol developed by WHO; (2) Detailed analysis of the protocols developed by other countries that adhered to the iSupport program, of WHO; (3) Qualitative and comparative analysis of the protocols' instruments; (4) Development of the protocol, in electronic form; (5) Pilot study on the application of the protocol; (6) Development of the final version of the protocol to evaluate the effects of the iSupport-BR program. Results: Detailed description of the development of a protocol that addresses universal issues, related to outcomes related to informal caregivers of people living with dementia. Presentation of the final version of the iSupport-BR effects evaluation protocol, which will be used in the Randomized Clinical Trial of the iSupport-BR program. In summary, the study details the development of a methodology for the development of a psychoeducational intervention evaluation protocol and may serve as a future example for other researchers in the development of other empirical intervention evaluation protocols.
A reinvenção da roda: modos de aprender e conhecer de mestras e professoras na prática de pedagogias decoloniais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Carrenho, Natali Seleguim; Sousa, Maria do Carmo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0241970097861394
The end of the Cold War did not mean the end of colonialism, but it did give rise to coloniality. Laws no. 10.639/2003 and no. 11.645/2008, which deal with the mandatory teaching of African and indigenous cultures in the Brazilian curriculum, are a milestone for the implementation of decolonial practices in schools. However, developing decolonial and anti-racist practices in basic education schools is a challenge for many teachers. The group of teachers involved in this research reported that they did not have these themes in their teaching training. This study intended to investigate how the ways of knowing and learning of masters and teachers are, during the experiences of self-training, for the implementation of decolonial practices. Its specific objectives were: to monitor the involvement of a study group in the implementation of decolonial pedagogy practices in basic education; and to understand the marks in the experiences lived with female teachers while developing practices of oral tradition with basic education teachers from different areas of knowledge. Based on the material produced by the movement of the two analyses, the research question was: what are the masters and teachers’s ways of knowing and perceiving the implementation of practices in decolonial pedagogies in basic education? At the same time, the questioning permeated the researcher's memorial and her teaching practice as a teacher of Culture, Identity and Place, a specific curricular component of comprehensive education schools in the municipal network of Campinas (SP), Brazil. In this way, oral tradition and popular culture became the center of the circle, in a political perspective of curriculum inversion, with ancestry and identity as the focus. The research had a qualitative approach and made use of two instruments: semi-structured interviews with teachers and reflective narratives by teachers. It is an investigation inspired by the sociological perspective, due to the fact that decolonial pedagogy provides popular knowledge and social struggles. The study, as far as possible, sought to break paradigms such as the rigor of scientific language, evidenced the non-hierarchization of curricular components in comprehensive education and, as it took place in a natural environment, considered the narratives of the subjects, contributing to the historical-social erasure. The results indicate that the approach to decolonial pedagogies, during the study group meetings, produced personal and professional inflections in our co-authors. For some, these were the first experiences in experiential classes, as well as meetings with indigenous people and visits to cultural points in the city of Campinas, situations and sharing that in themselves are already knowledge, but also that inspired their teaching practices. Understanding that the ways of knowing and learning of teachers and masters are individual, but they converge to a collective political-pedagogical ideal, it was concluded that it is necessary to educate the look, know how to listen to develop decolonial practices in basic education, and that living practices of oral tradition is fundamental in this process. Such practices must be structured by a decolonial bias and place oppressed people at the center of the circle. That is, what matters is the thought that underlies the practice. This research showed some of these pedagogies and paths to be taken in this regard, based on the experience lived by the co-authors and narrated by the teacher-researcher.
Habitar fronteiras: transbordamentos da preceptoria nos processos de formação de Residências na Saúde Mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Moura, Aline Silva de; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1802598771589178
The Multidisciplinary Residencies in Mental Health are training courses in/for the SUS (Unified Health System) that invest in proposing theoretical-practical experiences that allow residents to build meanings in the different scenarios of the Psychosocial Care Network. The preceptor, in this context, is linked to teaching and service institutions and has the obligation to directly monitor the practical activities carried out by residents in the field. The practice of preceptorship in health education, more specifically, in the practice scenarios of multidisciplinary residencies in mental health, is the object of this study. The overall objective is to analyze preceptorship practices in professional training processes in mental health, based on the experience of preceptors linked to Multiprofessional Residency Programs in Mental Health. As specific objectives we have: to characterize the professionals who act as preceptors in Multidisciplinary Residency programs in Mental Health; identify and analyze the educational strategies used for the practice of preceptorship and their articulations with public mental health policies; identify specificities, potentialities and challenges faced in training in mental health. We start from a research with a qualitative approach, taking cartography as a reference. The techniques used to record the data were: mapping of residency programs and literature; application of an online questionnaire (with the participation of 53 respondents) and the performance of a virtual group interview, with preceptors of mental health programs who participated in the stage of filling out the questionnaire (with the participation of 7 preceptors). Participants in both stages came from different locations and professional categories. The research diary was used as an instrument for recording and reflecting on the researcher. As a result, three dimensions emerged in the course of the research, addressing the inhabiting frontiers of/in the practice of preceptorship in mental health: 1) Inhabiting the world of work; where we will address the dimension of work in health and mental health care 2) Inhabit the world of education, where we will address the educational and pedagogical dimension of preceptorship and 3) Inhabit the world of residence, dimension in which we identify the emergence of practices of/in preceptorship, through the characters: preceptor-balancer; preceptor-intercessor and preceptor-cartographer. It is concluded that preceptorship in mental health, although it presents objective and subjective dimensions similar to preceptorship practices in different fields, retains specific aspects related to expanding the understanding of the health-disease-intervention process and focusing on critical and sensitive training in the field of health, madness, and society. Through pedagogical practices that consider these aspects, it is possible to strengthen care, interprofessional teamwork, and anti-asylum practices. The preceptors also recognized the importance of promoting care and attention to the mental health of residents during the training process, creating a supportive and welcoming environment. It is understood, therefore, that training in mental health care also implies training for self-care.
Despesas em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e desempenho de empresas de tecnologia: uma análise multi-países
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Lourenço, Victor Haruo Nitatori Rodrigues; Sartorelli, Isabel Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4068127357780521; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-8370; Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8109341702264014; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7444-2333
The development of new technologies and production techniques is crucial for companies to gain a competitive advantage, achieved through innovation resulting from Research and Development (R&D). In the context of increasingly global and interconnected markets, where R&D becomes a relevant factor in determining growth and value creation for a company, this study aims to answer the following research question: what is the relationship between the operational performance and future growth expectations of technology companies listed in developed countries and the influence of research and development (R&D) intensity compared to those listed in emerging countries? This study aims to identify whether the country context, such as R&D incentive policies, intellectual property protection, among other factors, influences this relationship. To achieve this, companies in the Information Technology sector were selected, as R&D is essential for maintaining competitiveness in this sector. Companies listed on the top ten stock exchanges by market capitalization in 2021 were chosen, totaling 1,095 companies covering the period from 2012 to 2020. The sample was divided according to the country where the company is listed and according to the company size. The current period R&D intensity, as well as lagged one- and two-year R&D Intensity, were used as predictive variables, along with control variables. Return on Assets (ROA) was selected as the dependent variable to measure operational performance, and Tobin’s q was used to measure market expectations towards the company. The results indicate that companies listed in developed countries have advantages and incentives for R&D expenses, as R&D positively influences operational performance and future market expectations regarding growth opportunities during the expense year and within one year. In contrast, the total sample shows an inverse relationship. Considering emerging countries as well, the relationship is negative, indicating that R&D has a negative impact on both ROA and Tobin’s q in the current year and within one year. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the differences between developed and emerging countries, fostering the debate on the need for public policies to mitigate the differences caused by institutional factors in each country. Additionally, the answer to the research question can serve as a basis for company managers to make resource allocation decisions in R&D, indicating the generation of future benefits for the company.
Manufatura aditiva a laser e fusão a arco da liga Ti-15Nb de baixo módulo de elasticidade para aplicações biomédicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Mattos, Felype Narciso de; Rossi, Mariana Correa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3908115015799734; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-8467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0352545802268987; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-3980
Ti alloys are acclaimed for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance properties. Based on these characteristics, pure Ti and different Ti alloys have been applied in the biomedical industry, especially the Ti-6Al-4V (wt %) alloy. However, although it presents good mechanical properties, this alloy presents problems regarding cytotoxicity of Al and V elements related to neural disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, for orthopedic applications, there is a considerable difference among elastic modulus of Ti and α+β alloys, from E = 100 to 110 GPa, and that of human bone, around E = 30 GPa. This property mismatch leads to stress shielding phenomenon, which is not desirable since it can promote loss of bone density and consequently diseases as osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this context the Ti-15Nb alloy emerge and was produced by selective laser melting (LPBF) and vacuum arc melting as an alternative to Ti 6Al-4V since it is free of toxic elements and presents an elastic modulus nearer human bone. The stablished phases were identified by the X-ray diffraction technique and in the AC, RR, LQ and LPBF samples the found phases were α' + β, while in the RL sample the phases identified were α + β and all these phases were confirmed by microscopy techniques. Elastic modulus and hardness were measured by impulse excitation and Vickers microhardness techniques, varying their values from 56 to 88 GPa and 236 to 500 HV. Yet, for additive manufacturing, it was possible to stablish an operational window of 130 to 150 J/mm³. In this way, low levels of porosity and un-melted Nb are obtained.
Estudo fitoquímico de Annona squamosa L. e atividades biológicas dos seus constituintes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Formoso, Dianne Dominguez; Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4482260069724820
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA L. AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ITS CONSTITUENTS. Annona squamosa L. belongs to the Annonaceae family which is a promising natural source of metabolites with potential therapeutic and medicinal functions. In 1982, the first member of a new class of secondary metabolites in plants was reported, which currently comprises a group of 430 natural compounds found almost exclusively in plants of the Annonaceae, called Annonaceae acetogenins (ACGs). The present work aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of extracts of the species A. squamosa L. through bioguided studies in the search for biologically active substances, from the evaluation of the efficiency of extracts and isolated substances. In the study, three acetogenins were isolated from leaves and seeds of A. squamosa L.1D and 2D NMR analyses were performed, which confirmed the presence of three acetogenins, being isomers. They are isomers of Squamostin, containing a smaller carbon chain between the lactone and the first tetrahydrofuran ring. Isomers are differentiated by the position and stereochemistry of their hydroxyl groups. The results showed a monoisotopic mass of m/z 639.4818 [M+H]+, corresponding to a molecular formula C37H67O8+ and a mass error of 1.02 ppm for the acetogenin isomers. Two lignans were also isolated from the leaves of the plant; Yanganbim is another lignan derived from yangambim, but still unknown in the literature (structure under more detailed study). Subsequently, 6 compounds within the acetogenin class of A. squamosa seed acetate extract were isolated and purified by bench column, by normal phase, which were characterized by the spectroscopic technique of 1D and 2D NMR and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). After confirmation of purity by NMR and UPLC-QTOF- MS/MS; Eleven molecules isolated from A. squamosa were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of the bacterium Xanthomonas citri spp. Citri, which causes Citrus Cancer. The results indicated a bacteriostatic activity, that is, the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, which may be useful in controlling the disease in citrus plantations. The insecticidal activities of A. squamosa extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda and the anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, lung cancer A549 and normal human MRC-5 cells were also evaluated. The extracts showed potential as anticancer phytopharmaceuticals, indicating the possibility of developing new therapeutic candidates from these compounds.
O Design Instrucional no contexto da Arquitetura da Informação: contribuições em ambientes informacionais digitais inclusivos para a pessoa idosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30) Goulart, Janaína Dias; Silva, Noêmia Lima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8096249467683545; Neves, Barbara Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7327673330074701; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-7522; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7739864287867480; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1723-9647
The increase in the world's elderly population reinforces the need to create inclusive information systems for this public. The objective of the research is to analyze the Instructional Design methodologies that can facilitate the inclusion of elderly people in digital informational environments with the help of Information Architecture. Information Architecture is related to different aspects of construction, storage, retrieval, and usability of informational environments. Instructional Design can be defined as a work methodology dedicated to the processes of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of distance courses that must be considered from the moment of conception of the training offer until its implementation. From these two definitions, it is possible to verify that the Information Architecture offers a theoretical basis, structuring the line of action of the professionals responsible for the design of the informational environment aimed at the elderly, indicating the best paths that will lead to the choice of the most suitable tools and resources. appropriate to the digital context that will be developed. Therefore, the research's guiding question was formulated: How can Instructional Design combined with Information Architecture contribute to the inclusion of the elderly in digital informational environments? The research is of a qualitative and quantitative nature, in which bibliographic, descriptive, and field research methodologies were used, using a questionnaire and direct observation as data collection instruments (applied to elderly people who attend courses in Informatics at FESC, a public institution from the city of São Carlos-SP) and interviews with professors of the same courses. The analysis of the results was carried out through content analysis. The main authors present in the theoretical framework of the research are Beauvoir, Haddad, Quintana, Alves Júnior, Casamayou and Gonzalez (aging process); Saracevic, Rosenfeld, Morville, Arango, Jorente, Vidotti, Vechiato and Oliveira referring to Information Architecture; Barreiro, Filatro and Piconez related to Instructional Design. The motivation for the research came from the author's experience with the elderly public as a teacher of Informatics courses and as an instructional designer. Bibliographical research and analysis of responses from interviews and questionnaires prove the need to create more inclusive digital informational environments to meet the needs of the elderly public who want to feel safe and autonomous in the digital context. It is hoped that these studies will bring new concepts of improved environments, which can be useful especially for the elderly and that it will bring more equity and make digital informational environments truly democratic and participatory for all audiences.