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Fotodegradação de contaminantes emergentes por catalisadores à base de PHI (Poli Heptazina Imida)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-17) Pastana, Vitor Gabriel da Silva; Teixeira, Ivo Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3569736875764585; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-6603
The remediation of pollutants promoted by systems that are cheap and viable remains an important challenge in the field of catalysis. Carbon nitrides applied in photocatalytic systems are a promising class of materials for promoting advanced oxidative processes, with several studies demonstrating their potential in removing contaminants. In the work that follows, rifampicin and tetracycline, two antibiotics with latent human and environmental toxicity, were photodegraded/removed by Fe-PHI, a crystalline carbon nitride with potential applications in oxidative reactions. The synthesis of the material followed the processes reported in the literature. Unlike other orders of the class, the PHI has cations inserted between the heptazine structures, which can be exchanged for other transition metals, being classified in certain cases as single-atoms, catalytic sites with good activity and stability. The obtained catalysts had their structure analyzed by DRX, FT-IR, HR-TEM and EXAFS. Contaminants were reserved in aqueous solution and their respective photodegradations/adsorptions were monitored by spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region (~80% removal), being almost 100% remedied in the subsequent irradiation. Tetracycline, once more durable in the medium, displayed around 65% of remediation in 8 hours of irradiation with Fe-PHI and neutral pH. The catalyst recycles showed continuous activity, for both sorption and photoremediation. With such a prolonged activity, in addition to its simple synthesis, carbon nitrides have shown promise in the application of contaminant removal.
O papel das políticas públicas no desenvolvimento de sistemas agroflorestais no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-17) Ballerini, Ariel Pollo; Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889207481986151; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-9774; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2634809737541030; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0896-3712
Climate change is a reality and its effects directly affect society, including the production of food and commodities. Given this scenario, the need to face the consequences of climate change leads to studies to verify alternatives for agricultural production that are sustainable and compatible with contemporary reality. Agroforestry systems (AFS) have socioeconomic and environmental benefits, and are the subject of international studies that evaluate the factors that determine their success. In order to be successful in the implementation of SAFs, and maximum use of their advantages, it is necessary that the State acts in the regulation of markets, in the incentives to the use of the technique through credit lines and payment for environmental services, among other aspects that are up to it. In this sense, the objective of this work is to identify the role that public policies play in the development of SAFs in Brazil, highlighting the programs and laws that contemplate national agriculture and that have an impact on the expansion of the use of agroforestry. Brazil has a legal framework that puts sustainability in agriculture on the agenda, as well as programs that propose investments in agroforestry, but there is no direct and specific direction of public effort for the development of SAFs in the country.
Estágios imaturos de Palyadini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) e seus parasitoides associados a Myrsine umbellata Mart. (Primulaceae) em áreas de Cerrado em São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-17) Rodrigues, Elizabeth Moreira; Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8371-5591; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-7069; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2974449379176938; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-0719
Tritrophic interactions are those that involve relationships between three trophic levels: producer, primary consumer and secondary consumer. They are considered complex, since they involve physical-chemical regulatory mechanisms, in addition to high dependence or susceptibility to each other. Thus, changes in the habitat or in other living conditions of any of these groups can cause an imbalance that will extend to the others. The Cerrado biome, the second largest biome in South America, is mainly made up of savannas. Due to human action, mainly through arson, the biome undergoes major changes, affecting many species. The species Myrsine umbellata Mart. (Primulaceae) (producer), in abundance in the Cerrado Biome, has ecological importance, being indicated for the recovery of degraded areas of grassland or secondary vegetation because it is a pioneer. The Primulaceae family, according to the literature, is closely associated with Palyadini larvae (Geometridae: Ennominae) (primary consumer), while the Hymenoptera parasitoids (secondary consumer) stand out for controlling populations of other insects that interfere with food chains. However, studies involving taxonomic and bionomic knowledge regarding the Neotropical fauna of Lepidoptera (Geometridae) and Hymenoptera parasitoids associated with the Primulaceae family are scarce. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the immature stages of Neotropical Geometridae species associated with Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) collected in Cerrado areas of the Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP - Brazil, aiming at the taxonomic and bionomic knowledge of the group; in order to contribute to the knowledge of the immature stages of Palyadini (Geometridae: Ennominae), including their morphology, bionomic aspects and associated parasitoids. As a result, the areas presented a richness of Geometridae larvae equal to 496 individuals, where the species Phrygionis polita Cramer, 1780 and Argyrotome paraguayaria Schaus, 1927 presented greater abundance and higher parasitism index, respectively. Glyptapanteles sp. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) and Euplectrus sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a gregarious habit, were the genera with the highest abundance of emerged adult parasitoids. While Casinaria spp. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) presented greater diversity of morphospecies. Also, the first record of Distatrix flavus Rodrigues, Dias & Penteado-Dias, 2023 was obtained. Finally, the communities of both Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids present in the Cerrado Y of UFSCar, a preserved Cerrado area, showed greater diversity, consequently lower levels of equitability when compared to the communities of Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids present in the Trilha da Natureza, São Carlos, SP, Cerrado area recovering after fire.