Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-07-21"

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Biopolímeros ferti-liberadores: uma proposta de recipiente no cultivo de mudas de antúrio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Petruz, Alessandra
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Faez, Roselena
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Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-0794
The inadequate handling of plastic waste used in agriculture, associated with the high need for soil fertilization, has caused several negative impacts on the environment. Developing improved efficiency fertilizers (EEF) based on biodegradable materials has become a promising alternative for fertilizer intensification since EEFs ration the amount of available fertilizer, reducing losses. Such sustainable agricultural practices have contributed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this work was, in the first stage, to produce films based on carrageenan (KC) and alginate (ALG) and to evaluate the influence of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) in concentrations of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % (m/m ) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) at a concentration of 20 % (m/m) on the thermal, structural, morphological and mechanical properties of films cast on aluminum substrates coated with Teflon, polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). We also evaluated the biodegradation, swelling, and release of PO43- ions in the water. In the second stage, to produce a material with 4 % (m/m) of CNF and a multi-nutrient formulation (calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, MAP (monoammonium phosphate), MKP (monopotassium phosphate), potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and ConMicros) to achieve 0.4 dS m-1; 0.8 dS m-1; 1.2 dS m-1 and 1.6 dS m-1 according to the nutritional recommendation for the anthurium culture and to evaluate its thermal, structural, morphological, biodegradation and field performance properties. Higher concentrations of CNF altered the morphology of the composites and aided in fertilizer dispersion, delaying the release rate. The addition of fertilizer influenced the biodegradation process by increasing the microbiota and tensile strength. According to the biometric analyses, the highest concentration of fertilizers corresponding to 1.6 dS m-1 contributed to the better development of anthuriums. In conclusion, CNF and fertilizer contribute to more resistant films, with a lower PO43- ion release rate and biodegradable potential, making them a potential for cultivation containers used in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) culture.
Design de aços inoxidáveis austeníticos de alto teor de nitrogênio via triagem de alto desempenho por método CALPHAD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Ferreira, Victor Hugo Mafra Monfredo
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Coury, Francisco Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0457-2087
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
Nickel is essential for austenitic stainless steels of the 3xx class (8-10 wt%) due to its austenitizing character. However, its notorious price volatility directly affects the stainless steel industry. In light of this, there is a need to develop stainless steels that partially replace nickel with other austenitizing elements. The aim of this work was to develop compositions of austenitic stainless steels with a high N content using computational methods. Computational tools based on the CALPHAD method were employed to select a composition based on predefined criteria (composition, phases present, % N, cost, and PREN). The alloy's microstructure was analyzed through optical and scanning electron microscopy, while the phases present were identified through X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition was determined using spark emission spectroscopy; elements C, S, N, and O were analyzed by combustion and quantified by infrared absorption. Mechanical properties were evaluated according to ASTM E8/E8M-11 standards. Pitting corrosion resistance was assessed through cyclic potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5 wt% NaCl, and sensitization was evaluated following ISO 12732; susceptibility to intergranular corrosion was determined according to ASTM A262-15 Practice A. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were also conducted as a complement. After high-performance screening, manual modifications were made to the compositions to improve nitrogen solubility. The results demonstrated that the developed alloys exhibited an austenitic microstructure with the presence of AlN, reducing the nitrogen content in solid solution. The mechanical properties of the alloy surpassed those of AISI 201 steel. However, due to the presence of AlN, the corrosion resistance behavior of the alloy was affected. These findings are significant for the development of austenitic stainless steels with a high nitrogen content, aiming to enhance their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Identificação de atividades cotidianas com membros superiores através de sensores inerciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Girardi, Paulo Matheus
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Nogueira, Samuel Lourenço
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2287847504423307
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-7436
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8258774819324497
In this work, the development of data processing strategies and methodologies for identifying 7 everyday activities performed with the upper limbs was proposed, with the support of inertial sensors and machine learning techniques. Computational methods were used for data processing, including data synthesis to homogenize the number of samples, digital filter bank, Hamming windowing, feature extraction, and classification using a neural network with the Matlab Neural Net Pattern Recognition toolbox. In this study, two units of inertial measurement were used, one on each wrist. This choice was made because a significant portion of the performed activities requires cooperation between the two limbs. Thus, through supervised training of the neural networks, an average accuracy of over 90% was achieved for activity identification, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed strategies for identifying daily activities involving the upper limbs.
Estudos sobre a construção e uso de materiais manipuláveis no ensino de ciências naturais para estudantes com surdocegueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Perassolo, Valquiria
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Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-5602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7152098940158098
The school inclusion of people who are the target audience of Special Education is still one of the great challenges of Brazilian education. The large number of people excluded from the right of access to schooling is real and the issue is even more complex when it comes to people with disabilities, such as those with deafblindness. This research focuses on the education of children, adolescents and young people with deafblindness, who are socially invisible and who often have their right of access and permanence in education denied due to failures of the educational system to receive and include them. The main objective is to highlight and analyze the potentialities and challenges found on the use of manipulable materials in teaching of Natural Sciences for students with deafblindness. As methodology, the qualitative approach was the option of the kind of case research. Two deafblind students from the Center for Care and Support to the Deafblind (CEAADA) participated in the research, their guardians who participated in the interview to characterize them, two teachers who attended them in the year 2021, and two teachers who attended them in the year 2022. Propositions of manipulable materials used by teachers in teaching natural sciences to students with deafblindness were observed and materials were also made and supplied according to the students' needs. All these materials were handcrafted, that is, not industrialized. The analyzes were guided by the effort to understand the demands of schooling deafblind students and the potentialities and challenges as to the use of manipulable materials adopted for teaching such students. As a result, the data indicate that families consider the schooling process important, but show many difficulties in passing on the activities proposed by the teachers during remote teaching. The teachers participating in the research, although they have little experience in teaching students with deafblindness, they tried to research and adapted the activities that would be proposed. The participating teachers and the researcher established a partner relationship, in which they discussed and developed together the preparation of materials and activities proposed during the research period. The teachers proved that they have knowledge of what manipulable materials are and these materials show great potential in the teaching of these students, as they allow them to explore different textures, formats and sensations. It is also evident that the teachers notice the need for a differentiated pedagogy for teaching people with this disability.
Biestabilidade óptica em átomos de três níveis em uma cavidade óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Proença, Lucas Araujo
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2808532350048558
The phenomenon of optical bistability in atomic systems confined in an optical cavity has been extensively explored due to its potential for applications such as optical switches, memories and optical transistors. The bistability observed in multi-level atomic systems has some advantages over the usual two-level system with respect to non-linear optical properties, absorption and scattering. The configuration of atoms with more than two levels allows the use of other electromagnetic fields by coupling different atomic transitions resonantly, or quasi-resonantly, making it more feasible to manipulate and control non-linear optical processes, which may be related to the phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT - \textit{Electromagnetically Induced Transparency}) and coherent population trapping (CPT - \textit{Coherent Population Trapping}). In this work we theoretically study the CPT phenomenon in cavities to explore the control and properties of optical bistability in systems composed of $N$ three-level atoms in $\Lambda$ configuration, independently coupled to the same field mode of an optical cavity. To obtain the interaction hamiltonian of the system we used the semiclassical approximation, which consists of considering atoms quantumly and the cavity field classically. Through the formalism of the master equation, we derive the Maxwell-Bloch equations and the dynamics of the system was obtained through computational simulations performed in MATLAB. The obtained results show that it is possible to obtain a sensitive control of the optical bistability from the adjustment of parameters external to the system, such as the frequency and intensity of the test field and the intensity of the control field. The possibility of controlling light with observed light in the studied system, through the phenomenon of optical bistability, can be promising for the development of optical devices with different functionalities.
Avaliação de aditivos poliméricos e cerâmicos para a otimização microestrutural de refratários semi-isolantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Farias, Thiago Wisley Barbosa de
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Luz, Ana Paula da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-5388
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3160573002957297
Macroporous insulating refractories have been extensively investigated due to their low thermal conductivity, low density, and non-toxicity compared to fibrous ceramic insulators. However, there are still challenges in adjusting the processing parameters of these materials to obtain microstructures with optimized characteristics. In this context, the present project aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using expanded polymeric microspheres or hollow ceramic microspheres in semi-insulating refractory compositions, with the goal of identifying the most suitable conditions for achieving materials with apparent density of up to 1.7 g/cm3 and thermal conductivity lower than 1 W/m·K in the temperature range between 30 and 800°C. Additionally, to optimize the mechanical strength of the prepared semi-insulating materials, compositions containing calcium aluminate cements or geopolymers as binders were prepared and compared. Formulations based on fused silica were processed and characterized for their rheological, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The results indicated that the selected microspheres acted effectively as pore-forming agents, with the polymeric additives promoting the formation of closed pores in the resulting microstructure. In particular, the ceramic containing 0.6 wt.% of polymeric microspheres and a calcium aluminate cement richer in alumina (Secar 71) exhibited the best performance among the studied systems. This castable achieved a flexural strength of 9.21 MPa (after drying at 110°C) and 4.29 MPa (after firing at 815°C), an apparent density of 1.62 g/cm3, and a thermal conductivity of 0.668 W/m·K at 800°C. The semi-insulating materials prepared with geopolymers also demonstrated promising properties, as even in the absence of pore-forming agents, it was obtained refractories with superior flexural strength (surpassing the compositions with cement), an apparent density of 1.68 g/cm3, and a thermal conductivity of 0.735 W/m·K at 800°C.
Aplicação web back-end de um fantasy game
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Rodrigues, Kaio de Melo
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França, Celso Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547836128892982
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-9551
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730881171653658
In Brazil, the most popular sport is football and, therefore, it is recognized in scenarios that go beyond the lawns, such as the Fantasy Games. Users of this game style create and manage their own teams online, using real players from football teams around the world. Each player is assigned a point value based on their skill and performance history. Today there are different fantasy football games, but the most relevant in the country is Cartola FC. In this work, a Back-End web application of a Fantasy Football Game similar to Cartola from Rede Globo, called InterRep Manager, was developed. In it, users manage the scores of real players who participated in InterReps, a football tournament between the republics of São Carlos that took place in the year 2022. The tournament scores were used in the application. To evaluate the functionality of the application, the performance of three users and 15 players in three matches was simulated. So far, the software has proved to be functional, from the login stage to the calculation of the score.
Atividades de pronúncia no ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira: reflexões com professores em contexto de aulas individuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Sarturato, Gabriel Maldonado Fabbro
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0797881241667691
In Applied Linguistics there is increasing attention to foreign language pronunciation, and many pedagogic ideas explore beyond the classic practice of ‘listen and repeat’, which is still very common in many language teaching contexts. Many aspects of pronunciation need to be treated in class, and repetition only is not sufficient to address them all. Research has shown that description of the phonological structures, listening discrimination activities, and other forms of oral production that do not focus only on repetition show efficacy in pronunciation development, speaking, and listening. Repetition activities also can be reshaped to reach better contextualization and student engagement. The advancements in research, however, find little insertion in many language learning courses and teacher education. This research aimed to analyze how some teachers of English as a foreign language understand pronunciation instruction and its function in class. The context studied was one-to-one teaching. Three teachers and their respective students participated. They were exposed to pronunciation activity proposals, and selected the ones they found could be most helpful for their students, edited them, and implemented them in classes. Firstly, the teachers were interviewed about their perspectives on pronunciation and pronunciation teaching. Then, ideas for activities were sent by the researcher. The teachers then recorded the activities chosen. The researcher made an effort not to impose his views on the teachers, but to help them according to their own approaches. The students briefly presented their impressions of the activities. Later, recall sessions were recorded with each teacher for them to observe and reflect on the class. A last contact (via text message) was made with the teachers to ask questions that were raised during the analysis of the recall sessions. The results revealed that the teachers were keen to complement their common pronunciation instruction practices with the activities chosen. It was possible to recognize a clear influence of their teacher education backgrounds in their approaches. The three teachers demonstrated different views on the function of pronunciation and how to teach it. The students showed openness to the activities presented to them and pointed out that they would like to practice more with these activities.
Aspectos que conferem complexidade a interpretação na perspectiva do intérprete educacional do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-21)
Oliveira, Patricia Cardoso de
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-1374
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8560935678654879
At the expense of a greater insertion of the deaf in the academic environment, the educational intérpreter of Brazilian Sign Language - Libras, has been gaining recognition in relation to the importance of its performance and its influence in the teaching and learning process of students with deafness. That said, the present study explored the aspects that add complexity to the interpretation of Portuguese into Libras in the educational environment, aiming to identify, understand and offer reflections on the elements that foster this phenomenon, with the aim of building new perspectives in the field of action of the educational intérpreter Libras, with emphasis on collaborative work between the teacher and the educational intérpreter. For this, a single case study was carried out, using the simple self-confrontation instrument, proposed by Yves Clot (2010), in work psychology (Clinic da Atividade) and based on the principles of Bakhtin's dialectic (2006), together with the conception of “Saying the 'same' to others: essays on translation” by Adail Sobral (2008), as well as the theorization about the work in partnership between the teacher and the educational intérpreter. For the analyses, two categories were highlighted: i) constructions of new concepts or complex concepts in the source discourse; and ii) interpretive lapses. Such categories provided the survey of elements that confer complexity to the interpretative act in the educational sphere, which were organized in the following axes: I) Construction of concepts: from simple to complex; II) the collaborative work between the teacher and the educational intérpreter; III) emotional aspects in the performance of the educational intérpreter. The highlighted elements, which according to the perspective of the high school educational intérpreter, exert great influence in making the task of interpreting from Portuguese into Libras usually complex, if better known they can be tackled in the perspective of making the work of the educational intérpreter of Libras less arduous.
Vínculos transitórios: psicoterapia on line na sociedade pandêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-24)
Vasques, Juliana Pereira Damasceno
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Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-1883
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Leite, Kelen Christina
The new coronavirus pandemic has transformed habits across society around the world. As a result, technologies played a fundamental role in the most sensitive changes, re-signifying customs and professional routines, in social and consumer relations - and even in apparently immutable conventions. This exploratory project deals with the increase in online psychological and psychotherapeutic follow-up services and their immense demand in this unprecedented condition. A year and a few months after the declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), however, the practice not only seems far from being ended, but can still be improved, with the emergence of a series of electronic service platforms, each more and more possible resources for the establishment of the so-called home-office and a delicate search - and increasingly critical - of subjects in the process of psychic illness, in addition to solutions as fast as the bytes and megs exchanged in minutes of consultation. How, therefore, is the question of the concept of work aligned with the production of meanings and subjectivities of the subjects, in this new format? Through the "snowball" method, which uses reference chains, we propose a qualitative, exploratory study with psychology workers, and a more in-depth analysis of this historical period, in a cut and a look more aimed at professionals, their needs and anxieties, faced with unprecedented personal and professional dilemmas.
A relação do professor com o saber no ensino remoto mediado pelas novas tecnologias digitais: a formabilidade do sujeito biográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Rodrigues, Fabiana da Silva Santos
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Silva, Flávio Caetano da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391841502170976
Due to the suspension of classes in 2020 by virtue of the Covid-19 pandemic, many teachers, including those working in Basic Education, were compelled to carry on with classes while deprived of school premises. Emergency remote teaching were the alternative chosen to continue the school year, demanding, to a certain extent, the use of new digital technologies to aid pedagogical practices and communication with students and parents. In this context, this study had the general objective of analyzing and comprehending the teacher’s relationship to knowledge with new digital technologies used due to the suspension of in-person classes and the adoption of distance learning. Our research was underpinned by two theoretical perspectives: Bernard Charlot’s theory of relationship to knowledge and Delory-Momberger’s theory of biographization, both being used as research tools and for data analysis. With regards to the methodology employed in the development of this study, we opted for qualitative biographical research interviews, based on the works of Delory-Momberger, which stand out for addressing the relationship between life, school, the formative process and self-education. Being developed from a perspective that looks at life stories, five early childhood educators working for the public sector in the city of Hortolândia - SP, Brazil, were interviewed. Educational research, on the other hand, brings us relevant contributions about the teacher’s knowledge, who reaches the core of the relationship to knowledge, while also pointing to other aspects of human life. From this point of view, the results point to a relationship between the teacher’s knowledge and the domain of various education actors during this period of emergency remote teaching. The biographical narratives of the teachers interviewed in this dissertation, inscribed in the dynamic of a personal project, reveal reflection and action through experience, shedding light on the concepts of reflective narratives and the formation of the biographical subject. Lastly, the theoretical perspectives about relationship to knowledge and biographization that guided this study raise elements that can contribute to new ways of thinking about education, paving the way for the advent of the Other School.
Ligas beta Ti-Nb-Zr(-Ta-Mo) multiprincipais com baixo módulo de elasticidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo dos
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Contieri, Rodrigo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5491429306264177
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-2059
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
The use of Ti-6Al-4V alloy as a biomaterial is more convenient among Ti alloys, as it is produced on a larger scale due to aeronautical applications. However, it is known that Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be harmful to the patient’s health (due to the toxicity of Al and V) and it does not have the most adequate properties. Biomaterials’ scientific and technological development becomes necessary, especially those with application in orthopedics, once there is an increase in life expectancy. The metallic alloys currently used in Brazil have a modulus of elasticity (E) much higher than that of human bone (E = 10 to 30 GPa), such as steel (200 GPa), Co-Cr Alloys (220 GPa), Ti -6Al-4V (110 GPa) and, therefore, the search for alloys with better mechanical and chemical biocompatibility is necessary. The β-Ti (CCC) alloys show good mechanical (elasticity modulus, E = 44 to 80 GPa) and chemical (good corrosion resistance) biocompatibility. At present, the development of multicomponent, equimass, stable β-Ti alloys with medium and high entropy of the systems Ti-33Nb-33Zr, Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta, Ti- 20Nb-20Zr-20Ta-20Mo (% weight ), in addition to alloys from the Ti-40Nb-xZr system with high Zr fractions and based on electronic parameters Bo and Md seeking an optimal value of modulus of elasticity (between 40 and 60 GPa). For the Ti-Nb-Zr ternary system, the new βTAP ratio (ternary alloy parameter) was determined and the higher its value, the lower the alloy’s modulus of elasticity. The Ti-40Nb-40Zr alloy showed the lowest modulus of elasticity (E = 42 GPa) in the rolled condition. The Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta alloy showed better results in biological tests (adhesion and cell viability assay), and better combination of low modulus (E = 70 GPa) and high mechanical strength, making it possible to reconcile these properties in β multicomponent.
O uso e ocupação da terra e as águas subterrâneas: análise do perigo de contaminação, aplicando os métodos GOD e POSH no Aquífero Tubarão, município de Itu / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Fritzen, Moacir
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Arruda, Emerson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-3850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0850731328300288
The exploitation of groundwater in Brazil ensures water security for millions of people and the various residues discarded by man, coupled with lack of proper planning, have been compromising the quality of these waters. The respective work analyzed the society-nature relationship according to the use and occupation of the land and its impacts on the quality of the groundwater. The study area was delimited by the portion of the Tubarão Aquifer situated in the Municipality of Itu / SP. The city suffers with constant hydric crises and the underground water becomes an important resource for the complementation of the public supply. Regarding the methodological aspects, it was accomplished firstly a bibliographical revision in the intention of having a safe base on the thematic that involves the underground water dynamics, as well as aspects that involve or affect its quality. The GOD method was also used to analyze the natural vulnerability of the aquifer and the POSH method was used to analyze the potential contaminant loads, diffuse or punctual, in the study area. Subsequently, a study of the contamination danger to the Tubarão Aquifer in Itu / SP was carried out, starting with the land use and occupation analysis, with the making of the map of the potential contaminant loads, in superposition to the natural vulnerability map of the aquifer, thus defining the respective danger levels for the studied area. Field observations were made in order to empirically verify the danger areas of contamination, relevant to the present study. With the application of the methods and relevant analyses, the natural vulnerability was classified as low to high vulnerability, the potential contaminant loads were classified as low to high, and the hazard levels of contamination ranged from very low to high. The factors that influenced these results were also identified, thus identifying the human activities with the highest probability of negative impacts on the aquifer.
Aprendentes de educação física escolar na experiência do ateliê biográfico de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Cambiaghi, Rodrigo
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Silva, Flávio Caetano da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-8229
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2335720740356546
This research had the general objective of investigating the perceptions of Physical Education teachers to identify knowledge in the use of PBW procedures in the overall training process, using educational devices that can adapt the proposal already designed for adults undergoing training procedures, also for students in the fifth year (5th) who are from the public network in the elementary school stage, initial years, in PECC classes. The research methodology was based on epistemological and methodological foundations that recognize the biographical fact, as an essence in relations with knowledge and the dimension of temporality, and the subject who, through his experiences and the specificities of biographical research in education, actions and procedures that organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, contributed to investigating the Project Biographical Workshop as a training procedure in this field of knowledge. To achieve the methodological objectives of the research, biographical research was adopted, within qualitative characteristics, with collection of verbal materials through a biographical interview of the training narrative type with a CCSPE teacher and analysis of these materials using a reading model and interpretations, everything, described by the field of biographical research in education, based on Delory-Momberger. The results obtained, the actions and procedures, which organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, validated the PBW as a possible training procedure for this field of knowledge, viable to found a tripod within this relationship, biography and education, between process of biography and training processes. Even pointing to a reduced number of academic publications, aimed at students in the 5th year of the public network in the initial elementary education stage in our country, the PBW was perceived as a procedure capable of balancing knowledge and even overcoming part of the of the training procedures offered today. Much of this was due to the theories investigated, as they opened up spaces for speaking with the world, exposing a form of active listening, with an accessible language, giving clues to the way of being that may be constituting this learning subject and his subjective knowledge, those that produced meaning for the teacher in Physical Education classes.
Uma nova estratégia de transferência de aprendizado profundo visando o diagnóstico de condições e doenças relacionadas aos olhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Aranha, Gabriel Diego de Aguiar
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366433842639308
Data from the World Health Organization indicate that billions of cases of visual impairment could be avoided, mainly with regular examinations. However, the absence of specialists in basic health units has resulted in a lack of accurate diagnosis of systemic or asymptomatic eye diseases, increasing cases of blindness. In this context, the present thesis proposes a set of convolutional neural networks, which were submitted to a transfer learning process originating from 38,727 high-quality ocular fundus images, to improve the inference of 7,850 low-quality images acquired by low-cost equipment. Public databases such as Eyepacs, Messidor-2, REFUGE, and ODIR were also used for the validation of the proposed architecture in the ocular conditions of referable diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract, achieving AUC results of 0.951 and 0.953 and accuracies of 99.6% and 99.3%, respectively. From low-quality images, the proposed approach achieved accuracies of 87.4%, 90.8%, 87.5%, and 79.1% for classifying cataract, referable diabetic retinopathy, abnormal excavation, and abnormal blood vessels, respectively. Thus, the proposed approach contributes to advancing the state-of-the-art in terms of: (i) validating the proposed transfer learning strategy, recognizing related ocular conditions and diseases in low-quality images; (ii) using high-quality images obtained by high-cost equipment only for training the predictive models; (iii) achieving results comparable to the state of the art, even using low-quality images. In addition to the fact that the deep transfer learning strategy is more suitable and feasible for application by public health systems in emerging and developing countries, the present thesis also proposes a system for providing Grad-CAM images of pathological predictions with values above 75% to support the decision-making process.
Explorando a síntese de ítrio-alumínio-granada - YAG: uma cerâmica transparente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Cruz, Igor Barbosa
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Perfecto, Tarcísio Micheli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919111116514686
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7362
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Leite, Edson Roberto
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a transparent ceramic with a cubic crystalline structure that has highly relevant technological applications. When doped, it is used as a solid-state laser and X-ray scintillator. In this work, our aim is to produce and apply it as an X-ray sensor in Sirius. Its synthesis is carried out using the coprecipitation method, involving solutions of aluminum nitrate (III) and yttrium nitrate (III) in a basic medium of ammonium bicarbonate in deionized water (pH ~ 8). This process yields a precursor that will be calcined in a furnace at temperatures between 900 1100 °C for one hour, promoting a solid-state reaction to form YAG. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), when the precursor was calcined at 900 °C, the data demonstrated a phase mixture (YAlO3 - YAP and Y3Al5O12 - YAG), which did not occur when the temperature of 1100 °C was used. Microscopy analysis provided information about particle size and morphology, revealing particles with an average size of approximately 43 nm and necked like structures at a temperature of 1100 °C. However, upon analyzing the XRD data of the produced pellet and indexing the peaks, the presence of α-Al2O3 (corundum alumina) as a secondary phase was observed. Further investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed for the identification of this secondary phase, which was subsequently confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the calcined powder, showing the presence of alumina on the powder surface. The next steps involve studying the synthesis parameters to achieve the production of pure YAG powder, followed by the intention to dope it with Cerium for use as an X-ray scintillator in Sirius.
Detecção de postes de iluminação pública acesos por meio de processamento de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Cintrão, Lucas Gonçalves
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Barcellos, Robson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-4825
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9495223092425378
In this project, a image processing algorithm was developed to help public lighting managers detect problems in the lighting system of the counties. Nowadays, many cities do not have efficient ways to detect light poles workin improperly, such as mantaining the lights on during the day. This type of problem results in unnecessary electric energy consumption and shortening lifespan of equipments
A rotina de estudos de dois alunos com deficiência intelectual no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Costa, Samara Cristina Ferreira da
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4008383486624190
In times of social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on the living conditions of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the possible impacts on their schooling. The work has the general objective of identifying and analyzing the study routine of students with ID, enrolled in elementary school II, during the period of 2020, context of remote teaching. The specific objectives are: (a) Mapping the socioeconomic and schooling profile of the family of students with ID enrolled in elementary school II; (b) describe the organization of the study routine, from the perspective of students with ID and their guardians, during remote teaching, in the period of 2020; (c) Investigate the teaching materials, supports and aids used during remote teaching for students with ID from the perspective of the family and the teacher. Data collection took place in person, following ethical procedures in necessary research. Data were collected through interviews with two students with ID, their two guardians and two teachers, totaling six interviews. From the results of this dissertation, we verified: minimization of school contents; lack of curricular adaptations; professors working without the necessary conditions and without any type of training to carry out the work effectively; impaired teaching strategies. In this, we understand that the families of people with disabilities and the people with disabilities themselves find themselves on the sidelines, without support for the necessary learning developments. Soon, the pandemic widened existing inequalities in the country, especially for students with disabilities.
Desenvolvimento de compósitos de polímero ionomérico e metal baseados em poli(éter-éter-cetona) sulfonados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Blanco, Guilherme Eduardo de Oliveira
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Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-0213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1867927586194456
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart and bio-inspired materials that have a metal/polymer/metal sandwich structure. These are capable of deforming in response to electrical stimuli and vice versa, being promising in several applications, such as actuators, sensors, artificial muscles, and robotics. The ionomeric polymer most used for these purposes is Nafion®. However, this has a high cost, low water holding capacity, low performance at high temperatures, and is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, the development of alternative membranes is sought, among them, those based on sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (SPEEK). The insertion of sulfonic groups aims to add polar groups that make it hydrophilic and enable the ionic conduction required for these devices. Within this context, this work sought to analyze the viability of this polymer with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) and its use as IPMC. FTIR assays confirmed the successful insertion of sulfonic groups post-sulfonated, obtaining DS of 44, 72 and 91%. Electrochemical, electromechanical and water absorption kinetics tests were conducted. The main results indicate that the alternative IPMCs presented comparable performance and in some cases superior to Nafion®. It was observed that the increase in the degree of sulfonation was favorable to the electromechanical performance, with an increase in displacement values and displacement rate. The use of ionic liquid in conjunction with SPEEK was also analyzed, which presented favorable electromechanical sensing results, and these presented the ability to detect different trajectories and imposed speeds, reaching a sensing capacity of up to 1000 times greater than Nafion ®. Therefore, it was concluded that SPEEK-based IPMCs can potentially replace Nafion® and represent a lower-cost alternative.
Diretividade em Português brasileiro: formas, funções e usos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Masetto Nicolai, Yan
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von Fintel, Kai
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Conde, Dirceu Cleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5861
The present thesis focuses on analyzing, through the formal apparatus of Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics, the imperatives in Brazilian Portuguese and their characteristics, providing a description of the object regarding its structure - the syntactic hierarchy of functional nodes for φ-feature valuation, its semantic meaning, and the speaker-listener relationship, as well as the pragmatic interpretive path of directivity in Brazilian Portuguese. To achieve this, the present work unfolds into two sections: the first section deals with imperative sentences using Syntactic Cartography (CINQUE, 1999), and for the present purpose, there is a need to value the features of irrealis, futurity, and directivity in their respective nodes - MoodIrrealisP, AspectProximativeP, and MoodSpeechActP. Ultimately, we raise the issue of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) not belonging to the class of True Imperative (RIVERO; TERZI, 1995), proposing two higher structures: for cases like BP, the functional node is ForceP; for languages of the other type - such as Spanish - ImperativeP is employed. In the syntactic domain, we also discuss the presence of expressed subjects from an interlinguistic perspective, comparing with German and Spanish, as well as the limits of the indexical element being preferable in expressed uses. In the semantic part, we explore several approaches - Modal Theory (KAUFMANN, 2014), Performativity Theory (CONDORAVDI; LAUER, 2012), and Property Theory (PORTNER, 2004). The proposal adopted by the thesis is the Property theory, with adaptations - the speaker's wishes update the addressee's doings - through the typical engagement of imperatives. In this regard, the addressee's set of actions is updated, so that the interpretive process becomes Speaker Wishlist ≫ Addressee's To-Do-List (SWL ≫ AdTDL). In the pragmatic field, we argue in favor of a robust contextual selection, requiring the addressee to exist and be able to execute the action immediately after the utterance - or immediately following any stated temporal marker accompanying the imperative. The relevance of this Contextual Engagement Condition is that it does not apply to just any listener who hears an imperative but always to an intended audience. Furthermore, in this part, we analyze the phenomenon of the immediacy of directivity, which we refer to as the As-Soon-As-Possible interpretation, and as demonstrated in the end, it is a particularized implicature for each directive use, following all the principles and implicature rules. In Block II, the thesis focuses on forms other than imperatives to analyze and describe the phenomenon of directivity in utterances containing infinitives, gerunds, and participles, as well as the discussion of indirect requests through questions and the conditions in which Good/Bad Wishes are not directives. Thus, the thesis is divided to understand the phenomenon of directive force in Brazilian Portuguese with its various representations and forms, considering the configurations, rules, and limitations of each, as well as contextual issues. Finally, we bring together the blocks to conclude the characteristic features of directivity in the object language of the thesis, in order to draw parallels and indicate future scientific steps.