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A relação do professor com o saber no ensino remoto mediado pelas novas tecnologias digitais: a formabilidade do sujeito biográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Rodrigues, Fabiana da Silva Santos; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391841502170976
Due to the suspension of classes in 2020 by virtue of the Covid-19 pandemic, many teachers, including those working in Basic Education, were compelled to carry on with classes while deprived of school premises. Emergency remote teaching were the alternative chosen to continue the school year, demanding, to a certain extent, the use of new digital technologies to aid pedagogical practices and communication with students and parents. In this context, this study had the general objective of analyzing and comprehending the teacher’s relationship to knowledge with new digital technologies used due to the suspension of in-person classes and the adoption of distance learning. Our research was underpinned by two theoretical perspectives: Bernard Charlot’s theory of relationship to knowledge and Delory-Momberger’s theory of biographization, both being used as research tools and for data analysis. With regards to the methodology employed in the development of this study, we opted for qualitative biographical research interviews, based on the works of Delory-Momberger, which stand out for addressing the relationship between life, school, the formative process and self-education. Being developed from a perspective that looks at life stories, five early childhood educators working for the public sector in the city of Hortolândia - SP, Brazil, were interviewed. Educational research, on the other hand, brings us relevant contributions about the teacher’s knowledge, who reaches the core of the relationship to knowledge, while also pointing to other aspects of human life. From this point of view, the results point to a relationship between the teacher’s knowledge and the domain of various education actors during this period of emergency remote teaching. The biographical narratives of the teachers interviewed in this dissertation, inscribed in the dynamic of a personal project, reveal reflection and action through experience, shedding light on the concepts of reflective narratives and the formation of the biographical subject. Lastly, the theoretical perspectives about relationship to knowledge and biographization that guided this study raise elements that can contribute to new ways of thinking about education, paving the way for the advent of the Other School.
Ligas beta Ti-Nb-Zr(-Ta-Mo) multiprincipais com baixo módulo de elasticidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo dos; Contieri, Rodrigo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5491429306264177; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-2059; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-8467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4633070062558887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-487X
The use of Ti-6Al-4V alloy as a biomaterial is more convenient among Ti alloys, as it is produced on a larger scale due to aeronautical applications. However, it is known that Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be harmful to the patient’s health (due to the toxicity of Al and V) and it does not have the most adequate properties. Biomaterials’ scientific and technological development becomes necessary, especially those with application in orthopedics, once there is an increase in life expectancy. The metallic alloys currently used in Brazil have a modulus of elasticity (E) much higher than that of human bone (E = 10 to 30 GPa), such as steel (200 GPa), Co-Cr Alloys (220 GPa), Ti -6Al-4V (110 GPa) and, therefore, the search for alloys with better mechanical and chemical biocompatibility is necessary. The β-Ti (CCC) alloys show good mechanical (elasticity modulus, E = 44 to 80 GPa) and chemical (good corrosion resistance) biocompatibility. At present, the development of multicomponent, equimass, stable β-Ti alloys with medium and high entropy of the systems Ti-33Nb-33Zr, Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta, Ti- 20Nb-20Zr-20Ta-20Mo (% weight ), in addition to alloys from the Ti-40Nb-xZr system with high Zr fractions and based on electronic parameters Bo and Md seeking an optimal value of modulus of elasticity (between 40 and 60 GPa). For the Ti-Nb-Zr ternary system, the new βTAP ratio (ternary alloy parameter) was determined and the higher its value, the lower the alloy’s modulus of elasticity. The Ti-40Nb-40Zr alloy showed the lowest modulus of elasticity (E = 42 GPa) in the rolled condition. The Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta alloy showed better results in biological tests (adhesion and cell viability assay), and better combination of low modulus (E = 70 GPa) and high mechanical strength, making it possible to reconcile these properties in β multicomponent.
Explorando a síntese de ítrio-alumínio-granada - YAG: uma cerâmica transparente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Cruz, Igor Barbosa; Perfecto, Tarcísio Micheli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919111116514686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7362; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-9939; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1702761246232485
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a transparent ceramic with a cubic crystalline structure that has highly relevant technological applications. When doped, it is used as a solid-state laser and X-ray scintillator. In this work, our aim is to produce and apply it as an X-ray sensor in Sirius. Its synthesis is carried out using the coprecipitation method, involving solutions of aluminum nitrate (III) and yttrium nitrate (III) in a basic medium of ammonium bicarbonate in deionized water (pH ~ 8). This process yields a precursor that will be calcined in a furnace at temperatures between 900 1100 °C for one hour, promoting a solid-state reaction to form YAG. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), when the precursor was calcined at 900 °C, the data demonstrated a phase mixture (YAlO3 - YAP and Y3Al5O12 - YAG), which did not occur when the temperature of 1100 °C was used. Microscopy analysis provided information about particle size and morphology, revealing particles with an average size of approximately 43 nm and necked like structures at a temperature of 1100 °C. However, upon analyzing the XRD data of the produced pellet and indexing the peaks, the presence of α-Al2O3 (corundum alumina) as a secondary phase was observed. Further investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed for the identification of this secondary phase, which was subsequently confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the calcined powder, showing the presence of alumina on the powder surface. The next steps involve studying the synthesis parameters to achieve the production of pure YAG powder, followed by the intention to dope it with Cerium for use as an X-ray scintillator in Sirius.
Uma nova estratégia de transferência de aprendizado profundo visando o diagnóstico de condições e doenças relacionadas aos olhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Aranha, Gabriel Diego de Aguiar; Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366433842639308; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-1440
Data from the World Health Organization indicate that billions of cases of visual impairment could be avoided, mainly with regular examinations. However, the absence of specialists in basic health units has resulted in a lack of accurate diagnosis of systemic or asymptomatic eye diseases, increasing cases of blindness. In this context, the present thesis proposes a set of convolutional neural networks, which were submitted to a transfer learning process originating from 38,727 high-quality ocular fundus images, to improve the inference of 7,850 low-quality images acquired by low-cost equipment. Public databases such as Eyepacs, Messidor-2, REFUGE, and ODIR were also used for the validation of the proposed architecture in the ocular conditions of referable diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract, achieving AUC results of 0.951 and 0.953 and accuracies of 99.6% and 99.3%, respectively. From low-quality images, the proposed approach achieved accuracies of 87.4%, 90.8%, 87.5%, and 79.1% for classifying cataract, referable diabetic retinopathy, abnormal excavation, and abnormal blood vessels, respectively. Thus, the proposed approach contributes to advancing the state-of-the-art in terms of: (i) validating the proposed transfer learning strategy, recognizing related ocular conditions and diseases in low-quality images; (ii) using high-quality images obtained by high-cost equipment only for training the predictive models; (iii) achieving results comparable to the state of the art, even using low-quality images. In addition to the fact that the deep transfer learning strategy is more suitable and feasible for application by public health systems in emerging and developing countries, the present thesis also proposes a system for providing Grad-CAM images of pathological predictions with values above 75% to support the decision-making process.
Aprendentes de educação física escolar na experiência do ateliê biográfico de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Cambiaghi, Rodrigo; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-8229; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2335720740356546; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-7397
This research had the general objective of investigating the perceptions of Physical Education teachers to identify knowledge in the use of PBW procedures in the overall training process, using educational devices that can adapt the proposal already designed for adults undergoing training procedures, also for students in the fifth year (5th) who are from the public network in the elementary school stage, initial years, in PECC classes. The research methodology was based on epistemological and methodological foundations that recognize the biographical fact, as an essence in relations with knowledge and the dimension of temporality, and the subject who, through his experiences and the specificities of biographical research in education, actions and procedures that organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, contributed to investigating the Project Biographical Workshop as a training procedure in this field of knowledge. To achieve the methodological objectives of the research, biographical research was adopted, within qualitative characteristics, with collection of verbal materials through a biographical interview of the training narrative type with a CCSPE teacher and analysis of these materials using a reading model and interpretations, everything, described by the field of biographical research in education, based on Delory-Momberger. The results obtained, the actions and procedures, which organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, validated the PBW as a possible training procedure for this field of knowledge, viable to found a tripod within this relationship, biography and education, between process of biography and training processes. Even pointing to a reduced number of academic publications, aimed at students in the 5th year of the public network in the initial elementary education stage in our country, the PBW was perceived as a procedure capable of balancing knowledge and even overcoming part of the of the training procedures offered today. Much of this was due to the theories investigated, as they opened up spaces for speaking with the world, exposing a form of active listening, with an accessible language, giving clues to the way of being that may be constituting this learning subject and his subjective knowledge, those that produced meaning for the teacher in Physical Education classes.
O uso e ocupação da terra e as águas subterrâneas: análise do perigo de contaminação, aplicando os métodos GOD e POSH no Aquífero Tubarão, município de Itu / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25) Fritzen, Moacir; Arruda, Emerson Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-3850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0850731328300288; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7330-1394
The exploitation of groundwater in Brazil ensures water security for millions of people and the various residues discarded by man, coupled with lack of proper planning, have been compromising the quality of these waters. The respective work analyzed the society-nature relationship according to the use and occupation of the land and its impacts on the quality of the groundwater. The study area was delimited by the portion of the Tubarão Aquifer situated in the Municipality of Itu / SP. The city suffers with constant hydric crises and the underground water becomes an important resource for the complementation of the public supply. Regarding the methodological aspects, it was accomplished firstly a bibliographical revision in the intention of having a safe base on the thematic that involves the underground water dynamics, as well as aspects that involve or affect its quality. The GOD method was also used to analyze the natural vulnerability of the aquifer and the POSH method was used to analyze the potential contaminant loads, diffuse or punctual, in the study area. Subsequently, a study of the contamination danger to the Tubarão Aquifer in Itu / SP was carried out, starting with the land use and occupation analysis, with the making of the map of the potential contaminant loads, in superposition to the natural vulnerability map of the aquifer, thus defining the respective danger levels for the studied area. Field observations were made in order to empirically verify the danger areas of contamination, relevant to the present study. With the application of the methods and relevant analyses, the natural vulnerability was classified as low to high vulnerability, the potential contaminant loads were classified as low to high, and the hazard levels of contamination ranged from very low to high. The factors that influenced these results were also identified, thus identifying the human activities with the highest probability of negative impacts on the aquifer.