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Medo do crime e da violência no bairro do Morumbi - São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Oliveira, Julia Maria Andrade Valentie; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-779X
The present work proposes to analyze the fear of crime and violence in the Morumbi neighborhood in São Paulo. Starting from the conception that the residents of Morumbi, from the medium and high social classes, fear the crime that is supposedly done by the residents of the Paraisópolis favela, the representations that they create about them were investigated. Besides, the changes of habits and behavior regarding the fear of crime from people that live in Morumbi were also explored. For that, a comparative analysis of the existent literature of Sociology of Violence was studied, along with the qualitative results of the interviews that were made with residents of Morumbi. The aim of this research was to find out if people who have already been victims of crime feel more fear than the ones who haven't been victims. The conclusion is that being a victim of a crime doesn’t define if someone feels more or less fear.
Saberes sobre as práticas de caça no quilombo Pedro Cubas, Vale do Ribeira, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Olegário, Manoela; Prado, Helbert Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7266995448306223; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-317X; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-5941; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740413079955119; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2336-3229
Traditional communities are constantly harmed by the western common sense regarding their subsistence activities and wildlife conservation. Guided by the myth of the "Untouched Nature," they disregard the presence, importance, and participation of these communities in restoration projects and the demarcation of protected areas. Since they are embedded in these contexts, they have a close relationship with biodiversity, offering a perspective rich in ecological knowledge and congruent with academic views. This dissertation conducted unstructured interviews with twelve residents from the communities of Pedro Cubas and Pedro Cubas de Cima (Vale do Ribeira - SP) in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022, along with participative observation. The objective was to present the narratives of hunting and fishing and the intrinsic ecological knowledge as fundamental and complementary to wildlife conservation projects. The interviewees were divided into three categories: those who hunt, those who used to hunt but don't anymore, and those who have never hunted. This allowed for a discussion on the inherent knowledge in hunting narratives, the difficulties and challenges of engaging in hunting activities nowadays, as well as the impact of urbanization on the younger generations, which distances them from hunting and other local subsistence activities. Even with the presence of remaining Quilombola populations in Conservation Units, there are still significant discussions about their permanence and importance in wildlife conservation. As a trigger for future projects, the concept of "companion species" was introduced in the results. This work discusses hunting not only as a source of food but also as an element of culture and medicine and its implications in relationships with existing diversity.
Muzambo – palavra brasa dormida: um acidente geo-étnico-econômico soprado na infovia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Magalhães, Luiz Rodolfo; Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019513394358070; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6281592006376920
ABSTRACT The production of the documentary The story with no suit and no tie (2021), about the origins of Muzambinho (a Minas Gerais’ town, in Brazil) made by female teachers of the Public School System, is the discursive event that opens a perspective of archegenealogical analysis, based on Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. It intends to perceive many silences about the quilombola’s origin of the town, presented in historical narratives. Thus, it is studied a book from the period of the New State (Estado Novo), Muzambinho, its history and its people, in order to consider the ruptures that occur between three historical frames (18th, 19th-20th centuries and contemporary/waterway, railroad and infoway/cold, elusive and fertile places), as well as the power relations that operate in this time. It concerns a path through which one can demonstrate how, in each of those frames, certain statements can emerge instead of others in their place, as well as certain regimes of memory can be produced instead of others in their place. In other words, a route departs from the documentary in order to excavate the historical dimension that sustains its irruption: the quilombola’s origin of the town-hygienist erasure of blackness-memory resistance, as a sleeping ember that is lit when the event emerges.
Uso de elementos finitos estendidos para a modelagem computacional da fratura de material refratário submetido ao método da cunha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Mendonça, Guilherme da Cunha; Sciuti, Vinicius Fiocco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230261917656691; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-3189; Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-9912; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0068976360729612; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-2184
Fracture mechanics must be considered in the structural design of ceramic components, especially for refractory materials that are commonly susceptible to cracking due to high temperature variations in their applications. The fracture of refractories can be analyzed through mechanical tests, among them the wedge splitting test (WST), which allows for stable crack growth even in brittle materials. This test was initially proposed to measure the fracture energy of the test specimen, but the crack propagation path can also be analyzed based on field measurements. With a computational simulation, we can estimate crack propagation, provided that the intrinsic parameters of the model are identified and validated with the help of experiments. The X-FEM (eXtended Finite Element Method), available in the software AbaqusTM, was applied to a WST on a commercial silica-aluminous refractory material. The experimental curve of horizontal force as a function of opening displacement at the application of load height was used as a reference for calibrating the parameters of a crack propagation model for the computational simulation of the test. Preliminary validation procedures were carried out for both 2D and 3D models, and to ensure the reliability of the models, mesh convergence analysis and sensitivity analyses of the parameters were performed. After analyzing both models, it was determined that the 2D model was more appropriate for the case study. An optimization process was performed using the software IsightTM to find a response curve that best approximated the experimental results. With the properties optimized by IsightTM, the 2D X-FEM model could represent the fracture behavior of the material with a good approximation compared to the WST simulations that used cohesive elements from the literature.
Aprender com quem ensina: as percepções de professores de educação básica sobre as demandas de seu trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Giampaolo, Rafael; Silva, Carla Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4134827174480735; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5095-1828
The challenges experienced in the dynamics of work for Basic Education teachers lead to the erosion of the identity of being a teacher, making them more susceptible to losing the sense of purpose in their work, as well as exposing them to situations that risk their mental and psychological well-being. These risk factors are associated with a form of organization in the neoliberal capitalist work environment, where workers are dispossessed of what they produce in terms of material, social, cultural, economic, and historical aspects, while also minimizing the responsibility of the state in social policies such as education. Considering the internalization of capitalist principles, even through training programs influenced by Taylorism, Fordism, and the Toyota production system, the presence of the ruling class in Brazilian politics adopts a state management model based on evaluations and results. These principles permeate the world of work as a whole, including family and teachers. In this sense, work in the capitalist world is alienating, causing people to lose connection with essential elements for maintaining their social lives, distancing them from their own reality. Since discourse is both a material and subjective element, listening to teachers reveals how a mode of production that alienates people from themselves and how they produce their lives affects the school, yet these aspects are not considered in assessments, favoring an elite while erasing the pains and desires of those who depend on a more dignified social life. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to understand the perspective of Basic Education teachers regarding their work and the roles assigned to them by school management and the community. Five teachers who work or have worked in the Public Municipal and/or State Education system participated in the research. Semi-structured interviews and the visual methodology of Photovoice were used to collect data from the teachers. Thematic Analysis was employed for data analysis. Regarding Photovoice, each participant produced five photographs, totaling 25 images that were triangulated with the interview narratives. Seven central themes emerged from the interviews and photographs: 1) Education and Initial Contacts; 2) Conditions, Resources, and Infrastructure; 3) Policies, Work Regime, Administrative Bodies, and Valuation; 4) School Contact, Family, and Community; 5) Relationship with the School Community; 6) The Role of the School and Teachers; 7) Projections and Desires. This research concluded that the impact of a mode of production that alienates individuals from themselves and influences teachers' work goes beyond public policies, encompassing a broader context that dispossesses them of their tools, undervalues them, and blames them for issues that extend beyond the school walls. We suggest that future research collect reports from other members of the school community and those beyond the school to contrast with the narratives of Basic Education teachers, providing a broader analysis of the school and avoiding the blame of its actors.
Avaliação do efeito de diferentes parâmetros de usinagem sobre os desvios dimensional e geométrico no torneamento de uma liga de titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Marques, Douglas Luis; Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
Titanium alloys are of great importance as biomaterials due to their high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Titanium has a low elasticity modulus when compared to steel alloys of similar mechanical resistance, furthermore it has a relatively low thermal conductivity the makes heat dissipation more difficult, which results in complex dynamics during its machining. The choice of machining parameters must have this behavior in focus, since it affects the tools' structural integrity and lifespan and may precarize the machined surface. The current work has determined the influence of varying axial depth of cut, cutting speed and feed rate on roundness deviation and dimensional deviation when machining 9 Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy parts using the Taguchi L9 method. It was determined that none of the properties had any significant variable. For the dimensional deviation, despite the absence of a significant variable, it was clear the effect of the variation of each parameter, which tended to reduce the difference between the effective and the nominal diameter while they increased, with the exception of the cutting speed. For circularity deviation, although no significant variable was determined, Taguchi's method allowed the visualization of the increasing effect on deviation of the feed and depth of cut parameters, while cutting speed had a decreasing effect on the amplitude of peaks, valleys and overall circularity in the parts. The measured values of circularity kept inside the expected limits for the turning process, but the dimensional deviation went beyond what was expect, being nearly double the value that was established as tolerance for the turning process. The search for significant variables was shown to be inconclusive but it was possible to observe how the different values of the parameters affected the final result, allowing one to to choose the parameters in a way that they fit better with the wished final results.
Desenvolvimento de concreto geopolimérico leve: viabilidade de aplicação no setor da construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Coelho, Tassiane de Paula Pinheiro; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607725497477486
Portland cement is the main component of conventional concrete, considered the second most consuming material in the world, but its manufacture accentuates the greenhouse effect. Studies show that the production of geopolymer concrete is a sustainable alternative and has comparable physical mechanical characteristics. In this sense, this thesis developed and characterized lightweight geopolymeric concrete obtained from lightweight aggregates, such as vermiculite, perlite, diatomite and zeolite, in different granulometries, with the aim of investigating their influence on the physical properties -mechanics and verify the feasibility of application in the civil construction sector. Geopolymers were synthesized from metakaolin and activator solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3). The precursor and activator solution were initially characterized and a reference sample was prepared for comparison (without addition of aggregates). After different curing periods, the samples were characterized by XRD, FRX, FTIR, water absorption, apparent and total porosity, apparent density, evolution of mechanical resistance to compression and flexion in 3 points, Young modulus in cold in 1, 7 , 14 and 28 days and fire resistance. The accelerated aging test by UV exposure and immersion/drying and the evolution of the Young modulus in cold were performed. Additionally, the matrix/aggregate interface was analyzed by scanning and confocal electron microscopy, before and after accelerated aging. The results indicated that the addition of 5% by weight of aggregate resulted in lightweight concrete. Geopolymers composed of diatomaceous earth and zeolite exhibited the highest compressive strength values, 36 MPa and 31.5 MPa, respectively, after 1 day of curing. Compared to a commercial product, geopolymeric concretes showed superior flexural strength and no evidence of flame propagation, demonstrating their viability for the civil construction sector.
Bioprospecção de bactérias láticas isoladas do soro-fermento de queijo Porungo com potencial tecnológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Santos, Kellen Biudes dos; Pimentel Filho, Natan de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157232954010211; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5002334228481734
Artisanal dairy products often harbor an unknown microbiota due to traditional methods and the use of milk from animals kept by producers. In light of this, elucidating the existing microbial structure through genome analysis serves as a strategy to uncover the types and abundance of present microorganisms. With the aim of isolating lactic acid bacteria with biotechnological potential from fermented whey used in the production of Porungo cheese, samples were collected from seven different production units. Whey samples were diluted and plated onto the surfaces of agar media including Man, Rogosa & Sharpe (MRS) agar, M17 agar, and Slanetz Bartley agar. This yielded 84 isolates, which were phenotypically characterized for morphology, Gram staining, catalase presence, and subjected to 16S rDNA gene sequencing for identification. Antimicrobial, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities were evaluated. Safety aspects, including hemolytic activity, DNase, and coagulase, were also examined. The biotechnological potential (growth, acidification capability, proteolytic and lipolytic activities) was assessed in eight selected isolates and utilized in the production of fermented milk. Of the 84 isolates obtained, the majority were Gram-positive bacteria in the form of cocci (91.7%) and cocobacilli (8.3%), with one catalase-positive isolate. The most prevalent genera found in the cheese fermented whey samples, as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, were Streptococcus (51.2%), Lactococcus (27.4%), followed by Leuconostoc (5.95%), Staphylococcus (5.95%), Enterococcus (2.4%), Enterobacter (1.2%), and Pseudomonas (1.2%). 4.76% of the isolates were unidentified. Enhanced antimicrobial activity was observed in neutralized and centrifuged supernatants after 48 hours of incubation at 30 °C. Isolate QP60 (Lactococcus sp.) consistently exhibited robust results and inhibitory potential in the tests performed. Proteolytic activity was observed in 96.4% of the isolates, while only 13.1% demonstrated lipolytic activity. DNase and coagulase tests were negative in all isolates; hemolysis was absent in 59.5% of isolates, while 5.95% exhibited complete hemolysis and 34.5% showed partial hemolysis. Selected isolates assessed for biotechnological potential displayed lipolytic activity, and the most favorable proteolytic results were observed with isolates QP83 (Lactococcus sp.), QP40 (Lactococcus sp.), QP32 (Streptococcus sp.), and QP79 (Lactococcus sp.). Acid production potential, as evaluated by fermented milk pH determination, was highest in isolate QP40, reducing the pH from 6.8 to 4.6 in 10 hours. All samples exhibited an increase in titratable acidity. By day 15, isolate QP40 presented the highest acidity value and a growth of 7.4 log CFU/mL. This research holds significance as it presents novel findings on the microbiota within Porungo cheese fermented ferment. The biotechnological potential of Streptococcus and Lactococcus isolates, concerning antimicrobial, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities, displayed favorable outcomes, indicating that certain isolates hold promise for technological use and warrant further in-depth research endeavors.
Biorremediação do azo corante Amarelo tartrazina por três espécies de microalgas Chlorophyta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Simões, Maryssa Fernanda Zecchin; Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4604156692430095
Dyes are an example of toxic compounds released into the environment by textile, cosmetics, and food industries, among others. Tartrazine, a yellow orange dye widely used in the food industry, is an azo compound with deleterious effects on human health and aquatic communities. The chapter 1 of this work presents a literature review about the toxicological effects of azo dyes in various organisms and the removal of these compounds by microorganisms. In chapter 2, we analyzed the growth and tartrazine removal capacity of three axenic strains of microalgae, namely Desmodesmus spinosus (Scenedesmaceae), Muriella decolor (Chlorellaceae), and an unidentified species of Chlamydomonadales. The experiment was performed in triplicate under three conditions, as follows: microalgae grown in culture medium only, microalgae grown in culture medium containing 70 mg L 1 tartrazine, and culture medium containing 70 mg L 1 tartrazine without algae. Growth and dye removal curves were determined by measuring the absorbance at 75 0 and 426 nm, respectively. Covariance analysis was used to compare the curves. Dye exposure did not affect ( p = 0.6) the growth of the Chlamydomonadales strain, which was able to remove 43% of tartrazine dye ( p = 0.004). M. decolor cultured in medium containing tartrazine achieved 28% dye removal ( p = 0.02); microalgal growth was not affected by the dye ( p = 0.4). D. spinosus also significantly decreased dye concentration ( p = 0.003), achieving 25% tartrazine removal and good growth in the presence of dye ( p = 0.6). This study demonstrated the potential of microalgae to remove tartrazine, a dye that has received limited scientific attention, from a stable system, maintaining unaffected growth for a minimum of 12 consecutive days.
A questão da disciplina na escola: percepções dos estudantes do 5º ano no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Tomasella, Simone Fernanda Teixeira; Gomes, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3596863218865303
The foundation of modern education, as it was described by Enlightenment ideals, gives man the condition to think for himself. The pedagogy, which emerges from this context, has as its purpose the formation of the subject's moral autonomy. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an illustrious German philosopher recognized as one of the main representatives of the intellectual movement known as Enlightenment. Among his contributions in various areas of philosophy, Kant also showed great concern with the educational issues of his time, placing us in front of one of the biggest problems of education, which is the possibility of reconciling subjugation to the coercion of laws with the ability to serve freedom. Undoubtedly, this problem remains an important challenge in the field of education. In the contemporary analysis of Adorno and Horkheimer, the Enlightenment Reason, developed by the bourgeoisie at the beginning of the modern era, overshadowed the dream of an emancipatory freedom. Given its contributions to thinking about education today, this research aims to analyze the students' perception of discipline at school, in order to promote a discussion about the relationship between discipline, authority and freedom in the current school context from the perspective of positioning of 5th grade students in Elementary School. The research proposes an empirical study with a mixed approach of a qualitative and quantitative nature, having bibliographic research and field research as a methodological reference, with the application of a form involving items from a Likert-type scale containing statements about the discipline, in view of to analyze the level of agreement and frequency attributed by students of the 5th year of Elementary School, to the affirmations of these attitudes. It is imperative, therefore, to take a look at the student who attends school today. In this sense, it is important to articulate these aspects with the studies of some contemporary theorists who think about the current school and discuss the relationship of the discipline linked to the mechanisms of control, didactics, violence, domestication, authoritarianism, moralism, among other coercive practices to deal with the problem of discipline, thus seeking to understand the formation process of the moral autonomy of human beings.
A educação ambiental como ferramenta de conscientização no contexto da crise hídrica: um mapeamento preciso de necessidades, desnecessidades e direcionamento sustentável em um bairro do município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28) Silva, Daizi; Santos, Mariana dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3185238960982642; Neves, Gilmar Perbiche; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7499230397814853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0165309702802223
This study aims to use Environmental Education (EE) as a tool for raising awareness in the context of the water crisis, by producing a detailed mapping of the needs and lack of needs in a neighborhood in the city of São Carlos-SP. The purpose is to guide individuals to adopt more sustainable practices, investigate the main causes of water waste and analyze the resulting environmental impacts, highlighting the relevance of the problem. The research collected data on waste and water management, which were analyzed with the aim of contributing to minimizing the impacts generated by the normalization of existing behaviors. The study is based on the historical trajectory of the topic, which demonstrates the need to reduce waste and promote citizenship through actions that contribute to the formation of conscious and critical citizens, capable of developing social values and resources for current and future generations. In this sense, EE presents itself as a fundamental tool for understanding the interactions between society, education and the environment. The concepts presented in the study are based on the understanding of exploratory data analyzed in light of the information and assumptions studied. The instrument used for data collection was semi-structured interviews, in which 30 individuals were interviewed, divided into three categories: university students (A), traders (B) and non-university students (C). The research adopted an exploratory and descriptive approach to understand the discrepancy in the data and explore EE as an instrument that contributes to minimizing the consequences resulting from human activities. The results of the research point to the challenge of raising awareness among the population about the importance of saving water, since a significant proportion of the interviewees consume an amount above the average recommended by the UN. However, it was possible to identify that some of the interviewees already adopt sustainable practices, such as water reuse, indicating the existence of a potential for the adoption of more sustainable practices. This information can be used to develop educational projects and to promote changes in habits in favor of the rational use of water.