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Comparação dos efeitos do treinamento físico com supervisão, sem supervisão e por meio da telerreabilitação na função cardiovascular, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Silva, Esther Munerato Figueira da; Lima, Carlos Henrique de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6983619401674275; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-3740; Roscani, Meliza Goi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-551X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3480410621104927; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-9987
Heart failure (HF) is a state in which the heart is no longer able to meet the circulatory needs of the body, being the consequence of most diseases of the cardiovascular system and one of the main reasons for mortality, hospitalizations and impaired quality of life. There are several therapeutic strategies through the use of drugs or medical devices that aim to reduce mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the magnitude of the benefits of physical training programs carried out in different scenarios is not yet well elucidated in the literature, including training based on the presence of a physical education professional within heart failure clinics, performing non-prescription exercise supervised compared to a supervised face-to-face training program or telerehabilitation. Furthermore, it is known that impairment of cardiac function assessed by echocardiography can adversely impact the exercise tolerance of patients with HF, making it important to detect echocardiographic variables capable of detecting low functional capacity in these patients. The work was divided into two studies with the objective of detecting echocardiographic variables with good accuracy for low exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and comparing the effects of physical training with supervision, without supervision and telerehabilitation with supervision on function cardiovascular disease, functional capacity and quality of life (QoL). Study 1 was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 50 patients, mean age 62 ± 11 years, 65% men. There was an association between diastolic function variables E’ Mitral Septal (R = 0.55 and P < 0.001) and E/E’ Mitral (R = 0.30 P = 0.031) with shorter distance in the 6MWT and impaired QoL. E’ Mitral Septal, adjusted for a model of age and ejection fraction, was an independent marker of poor exercise tolerance (R=0.57; p<0.001). The ROC curve showed the cutoff E’ Mitral Septal < 5.8 cm/s with A/C of 0.74 [CI: 0.60-0.88; p=0.01], sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 79% for the shortest distance covered in the 6MWT. Thus, E’ Mitral Septal, in the considered sample, has good accuracy for detecting low exercise tolerance in patients with HfrEF. Study 2 was a longitudinal clinical trial with a sample of 18 patients divided into 3 groups. There was no difference between groups in relation to pre-intervention characteristics, with the final sample comprising 55% males, with a mean age of 62 ± 12 years. There was an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P=0.002), in the distance covered in the 6MWT (P<0.001) and in QoL (P<0.001) considering the effect of time. There was interaction between time and group in skinfold values for muscle groups: biceps (P=0.04), triceps (P=0.01), chest (P=0.05) and thigh (P=0.01; P=0.03). There was a significant association between improvement in the distance covered in the 6MWT and in QoL (R=0.53; P<0.001). A favorable impact of physical training on cardiac function, exercise tolerance and QoL was observed in patients with HFREF. Regarding the comparison between the groups, although the sample is limited, no significant difference was observed between them.
Modelos estocásticos de transmissão para análises genéticas de características epidemiológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Lima, Milena Nascimento; Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-959X; Anacleto Junior, Osvaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0444250678279912; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8127558016524178
Epidemics can significantly affect animal production and generate large economic impacts. Furthermore, current practices for treating and controlling infectious diseases in farmed animals do not always show the desired effectiveness. In these cases, the quantitative genetics offers a viable alternative through the study of genetic variations of host characteristics that affect disease transmission, especially susceptibility, and infectivity. However, despite advances, the challenge to estimate genetic effects that mainly control infectivity continues to exist. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis was to contribute to the state of the art in the development of statistical models that can capture the dynamics of transmission of infectious diseases and consequently improve the estimation of genetic effects on infectivity. We present a new version of the dynamic non-linear indirect genetic effects model (dnIGE) and an inferential method to estimate its parameters. Our methodology includes a covariance structure on the distribution of genetic and environmental effects of susceptibility and infectivity, which were previously considered independent and uses modern Bayesian inference to estimate the genetic effects and heritabilities associated with these traits. Results show that the extended dnIGE model can accurately estimate heritabilities and genetic values associated with susceptibility and infectivity, even when there is a genetic correlation between these traits. Our proposed methodology offers potential impacts in areas such as disease control in livestock through selective breeding and also in predicting and controlling the emergence of disease outbreaks in human populations.
Ensaios destrutivos e não destrutivos em cordão de solda a gás inerte com eletrodo de tungstênio na fabricação de tanques de aquecedor solar com espessura de chapa reduzida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Coroa, Edgar Bergo; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9278768446851205
TIG welding processes are widely used to join metallic materials of different thicknesses, such as stainless steel. These are processes used in different segments of the industry, highlighting in the metallurgical area the linear and circumferential welding in pressure vessels applied in the solar heating system. Metallic tanks used for water storage are generally made of 304 or 316L stainless steel plates, calendered and welded using the TIG process. TIG welding parameters such as arc length, welding speed, gas flow and welding current are critical, influencing process characteristics such as: joint quality, profitability, welding cost, etc. Scientific articles from journals in the area of mechanical engineering, materials and welding metallurgy were reviewed. The main focus was to seek information about methods, processes and analyzes through material tests for characterizations of manual TIG welding in thin stainless steel plates. The main objective of this research is to develop an evaluation methodology through the characterization of the weld beads between the body and tops (manual welding) of Solis pressure vessels.
Avaliação do banco de sementes do solo como indicador de recuperação em sistemas agroflorestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Melo, Ualas Marques; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9956; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5159436426097049; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-5731
The use of seed banks has been widely used in ecological recovery projects around the world. The soil seed bank includes all viable seeds present in the soil or litter. To evaluate the composition of soil seed banks as an indicator of recovery in agroforestry systems. 128 samples were collected, 64 soil samples and 64 litter samples. The collection and storage of the seed bank considered the number of individuals. The arboreal survey considered quantity and diversity. The results of the analyzes made it possible to understand the interactions and adaptation of species to the environment, taking into account that all the information obtained is valuable and will serve as strategies for the conservation and management of SAFs. Information that may contribute to soil recovery in the future. In addition, it contributes to sustainable agricultural practices and the better management of these systems. Analysis of seed banks revealed that agroforestry systems play an important role in conserving biodiversity. It was possible to see that initially the herbs will colonize in the seed bank. However, seed bank analysis is just an evaluation tool and needs to be combined with other recovery practices. To better understand the seed bank as an indicator of recovery in SAFs, research will be needed to thoroughly study the composition of the bank.
Can you breathe yourself to a better pelvic floor? A systematic review
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Bø, Kari; Driusso, Patricia; Jorge, Cristine Homsi; lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2993471893400065; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-9786; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-9272; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-4611
The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the evidence for breathing as an intervention alone or in addition to PFM contraction in treatment of UI and POP. Materials & Methods This systematic review included short-term experimental studies and randomize controlled trials (RCTs) indexed on PubMed, EMBASE, and PEDro database. A form was used to extract data that was analyzed qualitatively due to the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures of the included studies. The individual methodological quality of RCTs was analyzed using the PEDro scale. Results A total of 18 studies were included, 374 participants from short-term experimental studies and 765 from nine RCTs. PEDro score varied from 4 to 8. Activation of the PFM during expiration was significantly less than during a PFM contraction. In general, the RCTs showed that training the PFM is significantly more effective to improve PFM variables and UI and POP than breathing exercises, and that adding breathing exercises to PFMT have no additional effect. Conclusion This systematic review indicates that the evidence for incorporating breathing exercise in clinical practice in addition to or instead of PFMT is scant or non-existing, both based on short-term experimental studies and small RCTs.
Desenvolvimento de vidro metálico de elevada resistência à corrosão e ao desgaste utilizando ferro-gusa como precursor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Martins, Caio Lucas Gueiros Pedrosa; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; Botta Filho, Walter José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8250899014267863
Metallic glasses exhibit exceptional properties such as high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and excellent magnetic properties. In this study, our aim was to develop a high corrosion and wear-resistant metallic glass from pig iron, a ferrous alloy with high impurity content and low added value. Two alloys, Fe68Cr8(C,B)24 and Fe62Cr8Nb4Mo4(C,B)22, composed of pig iron and commercially pure elements, were produced using an electric arc furnace. The alloys were processed via melt-spinning to obtain metallic ribbons and through centrifugal casting into copper molds to produce 1 mm thick plates. Characterization of the alloys involved X-ray diffraction, exploratory scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Vickers microhardness, electrochemical, and tribological tests. While the alloys processed by centrifugal casting did not vitrify due to slower cooling rates, they exhibited high hardness, surpassing 1000 HV, resulting in significant wear resistance. On the other hand, the Fe62Cr8Nb4Mo4(C,B)22 alloy produced by melt-spinning successfully formed a fully vitrified structure. This vitreous nature was confirmed through X-ray diffraction, including synchrotron radiation, and transmission electron microscopy. The glass transition temperature was approximately 553°C, with crystallization initiation at 574°C and a supercooled liquid region of 21°C. The Fe62Cr8Nb4Mo4(C,B)22 alloy demonstrated higher hardness compared to pig iron (1070 vs. 666 HV0.1, respectively) and greater stability in chloride-rich environments than the stainless steel 444, as evaluated by the passivation window before pitting corrosion (1253 vs. 738 mV, respectively) and easiness of re-passivation during the reverse scan. These results contribute to the production of resistant, hard, and cost-effective metallic glass alloys capable of meeting demanding applications.
Plano Educacional Individualizado (PEI) para estudantes com deficiência: um protocolo para utilização nas instituições de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-01) Santos, Jéssica Rodrigues; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-0681; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4480385079062549; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9837-901X
With the increase in Brazilian public policies on Special Education from the Perspective of Inclusive Education, enrollment of public students in Special Education has been growing at different levels and stages of education. The same occurs with these students' access to the final years of Elementary and Secondary Education in regular education institutions. In this scenario, questions arise about guaranteeing participation, learning and success. One of the supports suggested by the literature to ensure the necessary conditions for the schooling of Special Education students, especially those with disabilities, has been individualized planning. This process requires collaborative strategies involving different members of educational institutions based on a comprehensive assessment of the student with disabilities in a collective decision-making process that will result in a written document. As it is a device yet to be provided for in Brazilian legislation, as is the case in many countries, educational spaces have many doubts about how to prepare the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP). Thus, the central question in this study is what an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) protocol would look like that would contribute to favoring educational policies for the permanence, progression and transition to adult life of people with disabilities. The study's general objective was to develop and validate a protocol for preparing the Individualized Educational Plan (IEP) for students with disabilities in Basic Education. The specific objectives were: a) Compile and systematize an IEP protocol based on proposals found in practice and specialized literature in the area; b) Validate the content and semantics of the IEP protocol items with two groups of different judges: professionals and academics from the area community; c) Produce an improved and validated version of the IEP protocol. The research uses a qualitative approach based on the Design Science Research (DSR) method, adopted in education to create prototypes or educational products. In the first validation stage, 106 participants (professionals and members of Brazilian Federal Institutes) contributed to this research. In the second stage, 14 researchers in the field of special education contributed. Data was obtained through questionnaires on Google Forms. Participants were invited to rate the relevance and vocabulary of each item in the protocol. The items were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results were procedural and specific at each stage, resulting in a protocol built based on literature and evaluated by different judges called ProPEI. The ProPEI is a broad document to be completed by different hands after reflection and sharing ideas. The document was structured with the following fields: 1. Information from the educational institution; 2. Authorization term for preparing the IEP; 3. Student profile (individual characteristics, skills and challenges); 4. Characterization of the family and their expectations regarding the student’s development; 5. Information about the previous schooling process; 6. Description of the student's initial repertoire; 7. Characterization of team members; 8. Distinction of areas of knowledge that require adaptation or differentiation processes in teaching; 9. Establishment of specific learning objectives (short, medium and long-term goals); 10. Development of teaching strategies and teaching materials; 11. Necessary adjustments in the student's teaching and learning evaluation process; 12. Definitions of dates to monitor the student's trajectory and the adequacy of the IEP. The participants who evaluated the protocol consider it a document with great potential to contribute to the school's inclusion of students who need it. It is expected that this study and the protocol developed in it will contribute to the elaboration of the IEP as support to guarantee the promotion of practices that favor the participation and learning of students with disabilities in schools.