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Análise preliminar dos remanescentes esqueletais humanos pré-históricos do Sumidouro, Lagoa Santa, MG.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Rodrigues, Carolina Pinheiro; Fernandes, Erminio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2770392631554400; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-968X; Okumura, Maria Mercedes Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7934026593692818; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-6430
Bioarchaology is na emerging field that emerged in the mid-1970s and 1980s, but was practiced under another name, physical archaeology (or medical archaeology) since the mid-19th century. In Brazil, the beggining of bioarchaeological research occured through the Danish naturalist Peter Lund, who lived in the small city of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, from 1835 until his death in 1880. Lund is considered the Father of archaeology, speleology and paleontology in Brazil. During the time he lived in the region, he explored several caves with human and non-human animal fossils, finding stratigraphic traces of coexistence between the first Americans and megafauna during the Pleistocene. The remains found by the naturalist highlighted the Lagoa Santa region to this day, still being extensively researched. The present study consists of a preliminary analysis of some of the human remains excavated by Lund at the archaeological site Lapa da Lagoa do Sumidouro, in Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Analyzing the presence and Frequency of degenerative joint diseases and some paleodemographic estimates, such as sex, age and height, essential for the beggining of any bioarchaeological study.
Margens de comercialização do etanol hidratado no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Monteiro, Thiago Peitl; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-6214
Brazil is a huge producer of sugar cane and is the source of raw materials for the mills to produce ethanol, a fuel of economic, social and environmental importance. According to the IEA, Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane and, in the 2020/21 harvest, was responsible for the production of 654.5 million tons destined for the production of 41.2 million tons of sugar and 29.7 billion liters of ethanol. The state of São Paulo, which production in the country, accounted for 54.1% of the quantity produced in the 2020/21 harvest, and was responsible for producing 48.4% of ethanol (14.3 billion liters) and 63.2% of sugar (26.0 million tons). Within ethanol production, we have hydrous and anhydrous ethanol. Hydrated ethanol is "ordinary" ethanol, found in petrol stations to fuel vehicles and consists of between 95.1% and 96% ethanol and the rest water. Anhydrous ethanol, on the other hand its industrial use, is used in gasoline blends. There is a law that authorizes the mixing of a range of 18% to 27% anhydrous ethanol in gasoline. Ethanol, which is widely commercialized, given its importance, travels a long way to reach the consumer through gas stations. This is known as the marketing chain. (mill), wholesale (distributor) and retail (gas station).And at each link in this chain, a price is charged and there are marketing margins between them. With this in mind historical price surveys of each link in the chain were analyzed and the marketing margin between them was calculated margin between them. As a result, we found that in most years the margins only in the last few years analyzed, 2021 and 2022, we were able to see margins between the links that were out of line with each other.
Estratégias de reamostragem aplicadas em problemas de classificação binária de dados financeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Sturaro, Rafael Setti Riedel; Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-0526; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2772687643419754
Many binary classification problems exhibit unbalanced classes, which consists of one of the two classes being significantly more numerous than the other. The minority class is the least representative, with far fewer individuals or objects than the majority class. In the context of financial data analysis, databases may be unbalanced. For example, in credit analysis, databases generally contain more observations referring to non-defaulting customers (majority class) than defaulting customers (minority class). Similarly, in fraud detection, databases generally contain more information on legitimate transactions (majority class) than on fraudulent transactions (minority class). This imbalance leads to a classification bias, since learning algorithms tend to classify observations from the majority group better. In this sense, this work aims to address resampling strategies (including subsampling, oversampling and hybrid methods) to classify, using logistic regression, customers applying for credit into defaulters or non-defaulters and transactions into legitimate or fraudulent.We intend to study comparatively the performance of logistic regression in classifying new instances in the following scenarios: (i) balanced training set using subsampling techniques; (ii) balanced training set using oversampling techniques; and (iii) set of balanced training using hybrid resampling techniques. We will conduct this comparative study in two contexts: (i) using all the variables in the data set; and (ii) selecting variables from the maximum likelihood estimates of the logistic regression coefficients with l1 regularisation.
Avaliação dos efeitos da contaminação por derramamento de óleo no Atlântico Sudoeste Tropical por meio do uso de organismos planctônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Silva, Alef Jonathan da; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-1205; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-5088; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1189803000835992; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-0199
The growing global demand for oil has led to an increase in the exploration and maritime transportation of this resource, resulting in higher risks of oil spill accidents. These accidents can cause serious environmental damage and contamination in the affected sites, as happened in the coastal region of Brazil in 2019, when more than 3,000 km of coastal ecosystems were affected. Oil spills pose a great danger to marine biota, with planktonic organisms being one of the groups most affected by the toxic compounds present in the oil. In this thesis, several investigations were conducted with the aim of understanding the effects of the 2019 oil spill in the Southwest Atlantic on planktonic organisms and the ecological implications. For this, a bibliometric analysis was initially carried out to assess the interest of the scientific community on this event, identify study gaps, relevant works and researchers involved in investigations related to the oil spill. Then, laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of toxic compounds present in the oil on planktonic organisms. The microalga Isochrysis galbana, when exposed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the spilled oil, showed a decrease in growth rate, an increase in chlorophyll-a concentration in the cells, an increase in cell volume, and increased vulnerability to predation. In addition, a primary consumer, Brachionus plicatilis, was also impacted during exposure, with increased mortality and reduced filtration and ingestion rates. The environmental risk analysis indicated that the concentrations of PAHs obtained from the spilled oil may represent a serious problem for the tested species and other species. In addition, a field investigation assessing the copepod community showed a significant increase in mortality of these organisms when the oil reached the environment. In a microcosm experiment, the copepod community exposed to different concentrations of PAHs showed a dose-response relationship, with higher mortality at higher concentrations. These results indicate that oil spills can cause significant impacts on the productivity and structure of planktonic communities, posing a potential risk to upper trophic levels and, in general, to the stability of marine ecosystems. The thesis therefore contributes to the understanding of ecological impacts generated by oil spill events in marine environments.
(In)visibilização de mulheres brasileiras em livros didáticos de história do Ensino Fundamental (PNLD 2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Costa, Rafaella Rozo da; Moraes, Letícia Nunes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8414704855957940; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-5028; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-1883; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1698804302686186; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3394-4082
A pesar de las crecientes contribuciones académicas sobre la historia de las mujeres, una parte muy pequeña de esos estudios llega a los libros didácticos de historia, que son objeto de análisis de esta investigación. El lenguaje plural masculino, identificado en las colecciones analizadas, asume formas que generalizan el "Hombre" blanco, cisgénero y heteronormativo como sinónimo de humanidad, mientras que las historias de las mujeres se presentan aparte, separadas del texto principal, asignadas en cajas, leyendas, temas o imágenes. A partir de los conceptos de tecnología de género, de Teresa de Lauretis, de sistema mundo-colonial, elaborado por Ochy Curiel, y de nudo, como Heleieth Saffioti evidenció la inseparabilidad entre género, clase, raza, cultura y sexualidad en las relaciones sociales, esta investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar de qué modo las prácticas discursivas operan en libros didácticos de historia como una tecnología de género en la construcción de historias de las mujeres brasileñas. La investigación fue realizada a partir del levantamiento de dos colecciones didácticas de historia, de los años finales de la Enseñanza Fundamental, resultantes del Programa Nacional del Libro Didáctico de 2020, de forma comparativa, siendo una colección de autoría masculina - Historia, sociedad y ciudadanía, producida por la Editora FTD, por Alfredo Boulos Júnior - y una de autoría femenina - Enseñar historia: de los orígenes del hombre a la era digital, producido por Editora Moderna, por Patrícia Ramos Braick y Anna Barreto. El recorte temático contempló la historia de Brasil y las mujeres brasileñas. Fue posible percibir, por ejemplo, que la colección producida por la Editora Moderna, de autoría de dos historiadoras, dedicó más espacio y atención al protagonismo femenino, sea en los temas abordados, en el lenguaje adoptado o en el volumen de material. Al contrario de la colección confeccionada por la Editora FTD que, de modo general, abordó de forma más superficial la participación de mujeres en los eventos históricos tratados. Ante eso, concluimos que, para cambiar el encuadre masculino y dominante de la historia, es importante que cada vez más historiadoras sean autoras de esos materiales, así como el PNLD debe ser constantemente perfeccionado y actualizado.
A formação de professores do Atendimento Educacional Especializado em um Centro de Formação e Acompanhamento à Inclusão no município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Miranda, Priscilla Mab Conti; Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-350X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0430588961004741; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2514-7981
This study aims to investigate how Teachers of Specialized Educational Assistance (PAEE), connected to a Regional Board of Education in the city of São Paulo-SP, understand their continuing education, considering the action of the Center for Training and Monitoring of Inclusion. As specific objectives were defined: to investigate the experiences of the active PAEE from 2016 to 2022 regarding continuing education, and to know their understandings about the training to work in the AEE and the training that they promote together with the educators of the school units they work with, addressing the challenges, needs or demands of the performance. For this, six teachers were interviewed and the concept of experience proposed by Vigotski (1934/2001) was used as the unit of analysis. The results point out that there is a search for complementing the formation for the performance in the AEE; continuing education was seen as necessary, as work demands boosted professional improvement in the area of Special Education. Regarding the training promoted by CEFAI, the reports addressed the relevance of learning and the exchange of experiences within the group, but also mentioned the need to expand the offer of courses to meet the specific demands of students eligible for the AEE. The formative action of the PAEE is seen as a link between the action of the AEE and its team and, from it, collaboration relationships and the construction of intervention strategies based on the specificities of the students arise. It was also highlighted that the work depends on the opening of the management team to be made possible and that the training actions bring contributions to all students, collaborating with a collective construction on inclusion. The experiences mentioned by the teachers emphasized moments of exchange of experiences that enabled the integration and socialization of the actions carried out, impacting and helping the reconfiguration of professional practice; actions developed by the teachers that denote the sense of appreciation of the professional activity and of belonging to a teaching group active in the inclusive perspective; as well as descriptions of significant brands, learning and signaling a change of perspective on the topics covered. It discusses the importance of making the work of the AEE collective and inclusive, considering the guidelines established by legislation, but, above all, meeting the training needs of teachers, in view of the challenges experienced in educational spaces.
Consumo colaborativo como alternativa ao consumismo: análise de experiências em espaços de coworking e guarda-roupas compartilhados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Lima, Fernanda Imada de; Costa, Juliano Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-7154; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6647535800107521; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-7484
In today's society, consumption is a process of inclusion and social ascension within a capitalist culture aimed at capital accumulation. Capitalism accentuates social ills such as inequality, violence, and intolerance, just as it instigates selfishness, competitiveness, and individual behavior, weakening collective processes based on solidarity and companionship. However, the search for options contrary to the current economic model progressed as the discussion on sustainability helped infuse the primordial search for environmental conservation as a value to consider in ethical and consumption decisions. Thus, some people reflexively begin to question why they have an unused object at home, leaning against the shelf when it could be helpful to someone. Collaborative consumption (CC) arises as one of the innovations that promise to be fairer from an economic, social, and environmental perspective. CC is a social practice and an economic model promoted by individuals and organizations with principles rooted in collaboration between suppliers and consumers. Information and communication technologies enable the transactions and interactions between the stakeholders. One of the premises of this model is to facilitate access to the detriment of possession, providing a new way of experiencing consumption and the relationship with goods. Due to the relevance of the topic and given the urgency of discussing viable solutions for the various socioeconomic and environmental crises that the contemporary world faces, this study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of collaborative consumption in the national territory from the experiences of customers and entrepreneurs of coworking spaces and shared wardrobes. Initially, the researcher identified the need to contextualize consumption dynamics and consumer behavior over modern human history. Subsequently, the collaborative consumption experiences analysis took place to understand the participants' motivation, investigate whether social ties emerged, and identify the strengths and weaknesses in developing these initiatives. Data collection happened through online semi- structured interviews. The method selected for the data analysis was Bardin's content analysis. The results revealed that consumers use collaborative consumption platforms mainly for practical reasons, such as saving money and convenience. On the other hand, entrepreneurs are motivated both by the desire or need to endeavor and the search for a job with a purpose beyond obtaining income. A significant barrier to collaborative consumption in respondents' perception is the need for more knowledge. Most customers said they did not feel part of a group with common interests. Entrepreneurs claimed to be unable to make significant profits from their ventures. These results will help understand the mechanisms behind the consumption process better, guide regulations to protect the parties involved in the CC, and encourage the creation of incentives for developing collaborative businesses. Keywords: sustainability; consumerism; collaborative consumption; coworking; shared closet
Modelos de fração de cura com fragilidade inflacionado de zero sob diferentes esquemas de ativação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Assunção, Danillo Magalhães Xavier; Leão, Jeremias da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1079978062491227; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919307208033627
In this doctoral thesis, the proposed methodology is based on zero-inflated survival data to deal with situations where there is a fraction of inflated (or adjusted) zeros and cured cases considering different activation schemes. In this approach, we assume that the occurrence of the event of interest is generated by a latent activation structure: first, last, and random, allowing different competing activation mechanisms to explain the occurrence of the phenomenon of interest. In this context, the new model called the zero-inflated cure rate model under different activation schemes is an extension of the zero-inflated model proposed by \citeonline{de2017zero}; the model proposed by \citeonline{roman2013modelos} the promotion time model proposed by \citeonline{yakovlev1996threshold} e \citeonline{chen1999new}, as we incorporate zero-inflation and activation schemes in the modeling. For the estimation of the parameters of the model with long duration and zero-inflation, we consider classical and Bayesian approaches. The cure rate models or zero cure rate models indirectly assume that all patients exposed to the event of interest have homogeneous risk, but the existence of heterogeneity can be measured through the inclusion of covariates. Thus, it is possible to measure a portion of this heterogeneity by covariates, but there is a degree of heterogeneity induced by unobserved causes. Models that include this unobserved heterogeneity among subjects are known as frailty models. In this context, the frailty term is incorporated into the risk function of the proposed modeling to control the unobserved heterogeneity of patients, and we assume a gamma distribution for the frailty variable. Simulation studies are performed, as well as applications to real data.
A liderança organizacional no contexto da indústria 4.0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Bovolenta, Alexandre Rosolino; Vlainich, Vitor Tadeu Cruz; Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0110573246797196; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1902377289729325
The aim of the following study is to analyze the impact and evolution of the process of including Industry 4.0 tools and technologies in a leadership context in Brazil, in order to identify the fundamental characteristics of a leader in this scenario. The research method used was bibliographical research. As a complement to the literature, the work also draws on contextual and historical data to understand the concept and strategies in Leadership and Industry 4.0, as well as referring to the period described. Based on the results identified by the application of these strategies, it can be considered that, if properly applied, leadership tools and Industry 4.0 technologies in a company of any size and market segment can benefit from Leadership and Industry 4.0 strategies. These results can be consolidated in the short, medium and long term by optimizing processes in various areas. Whether it's an external relationship with clients or the internal performance of those they lead. This can be deduced from the fact that the results obtained, collected and analyzed, were presented as a competitive advantage over competitors and as being fundamental for organizational leadership to be efficient in the professional sphere.
Construção e validação de um sistema hidráulico para estudo de perdas de carga distribuídas e localizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Matheus, Tiago Rosales; Santos, Ronaldo Antonio dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9616300051984655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662560708161340
Considering the difficulties of practical understanding by the students of the University, the relevance to Agroecology, and the great importance of hydraulics for agriculture, especially in rural construction, agricultural mechanization, hydrology, irrigation, and drainage, among others, a pressurized system was designed, constructed, and analyzed to demonstrate the variability of continuous and localized head losses in pipes and fittings. Head loss refers to the energy loss that a fluid, in a pressurized pipeline, experiences due to various factors such as friction with a stationary layer adhered to the inner wall of the pipe or due to turbulence caused by changes in flow direction. This head loss energy dissipates in the form of heat to the surroundings, as a result of viscosity (internal friction of fluid particles) and external friction (fluid with the conduit walls) as well as flow turbulence. The variability of head loss in this hydraulic system was quantified with piezometers, and the obtained results were compared to estimated data from mathematical models commonly used in hydraulics. The obtained results indicated that the head losses measured by the piezometers were similar to those estimated by the Darcy–Weisbach equation and coefficients, with determination coefficients and agreement coefficients greater than 0.977 and 0.98%, respectively.
Aplicação da matriz probabilidade x impacto na gestão dos riscos associados à tríplice restrição em empresas juniores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Zamai, Gabriela Raissa Gonçalves; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-5065
Project management is an area that has proven to be important to ensure the quality of projects. In Brazil, the Junior Enterprise Movement (MEJ) has grown in recent years, with more than 1,400 junior enterprises in Brazil in 2022. Thus, this study objective is to identify the main risks associated with the triple restriction (scope, time and cost), in junior enterprises. Risks are classified according to their frequency and probability and impact of occurring, in order to prioritize them and explore ways to avoid or mitigate them for better planning and reduction of negative effects. Considering junior enterprises in the engineering area, the study pointed out as main risks the lack of scope alignment, scope change, customer delay, scope complexity and lack of cost planning, associated with unmapped expenses, influenced by changes in the scope and timing of the project. The risks presented show the need for communication management, establishing communication channels for the alignment of objectives and for monitoring project deliveries and the search for support from professors and former members.
Percepções dos processos e meios de teleatendimento de terapia ocupacional junto a indivíduos adultos com disfunções físicas em isolamento social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-22) Souza, Flávia Fernanda dos Santos de; Paiva, Gisele; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385641297899352; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-7794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834223776844732; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0822-5903
Due to the emergence of COVID-19, which impacted Brazil, there was a need for social isolation as one of the main measures to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Consequently, all non-essential services had to be closed, including some healthcare services. As a result, various patients with physical dysfunctions were unable to receive occupational therapy treatment, becoming more vulnerable to health complications, as well as facing new challenges arising from the isolation. Objective: To assess the perceptions of users with traumatic orthopedic injuries participating in the extension project "Health Education and Occupational Therapy Guidance for Patients with Physical Dysfunctions during the COVID-19 Pandemic Isolation Period" regarding the process of telehealth occupational therapy (teleconsultation and telemonitoring) at a university health school in a Federal University in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methodology: This is a retrospective, exploratory, qualitative study that used a characterization form to define the research population, along with an open questionnaire administered through Google Forms to the 11 research participants. Research Results: The categories identified were: social isolation, remote care, support, and guidance materials. The respective subcategories were: changes, overall health status; differences in healthcare and well-being; support; healthcare demands; difficulties; social isolation. The thematic units related to the categories and subcategories were: effects; rehabilitation changes; symptom improvement; emotional well-being enhancement; adaptation to the new mode of care; telehealth; positive experiences; challenges; symptom control and difficulties. Final Remarks: The results indicated that despite the challenges presented by telehealth in occupational therapy, the patients' perceptions were positive, highlighting an improvement in their overall health and quality of life.