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Ilhas de calor urbanas em Sorocaba/SP: uma abordagem com base no sistema das zonas climáticas locais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-20) Santos, Fernanda Frois dos; Martines, Marcos Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5317839291904450; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-2431; Silva, Edelci Nunes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7229161630393268; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-9957; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1571067001277664; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-1145
The urbanization of cities increases as climate disruptions occur at the local scale. Therefore, it is considered important to study the dynamics of cities and the relationship between the urban climate, since it is on this scale that profound transformations take place. In view of this, this work aimed to analyze the surface heat islands and the urban canopy layer in Sorocaba/SP, based on the classification of LCZs in the municipality. The following methodologies were used: detection of surface heat islands through thermal images from the Landsat 8 satellite, definition of LCZs through the LCZ generating system, measurement of air temperature and relative air humidity through mobile transects and categorization of intensities of climatic heat islands. The results demonstrated that surface heat islands and climatic heat islands of fragility, medium and strong magnitudes occur in compact lowrise LCZs (LCZ3) throughout the urban patch. It was concluded that there are heat islands in Sorocaba.
Visão de maloqueiro: uma carta sobre as juventudes pretas faveladas, o funk e a saúde mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-20) Andrade, Paula Fernanda de; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4139694012784127; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-8235
In Brazil, one of the biggest cultural movements of peripheral youth in the 20th and 21st centuries is Funk, which emerged from urban popular culture, mainly in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The funk movement aims to contest and challenge the hegemonic system, through music, dance, “dances” and its own aesthetics, evidenced by clothes, haircuts and accessories, popularly called “kit”. The central figure of funk culture is the boy, black, poor and from the favelas, who, contrary to the silencing structure in which he is daily inferiorized and segregated, through funk performance in search of protagonism. This protagonism can be read concretely in most funk lyrics. We could affirm that through funk, these young people exercise their cultural citizenship rights on a daily basis, as Chauí (2008) has proposed, as they actively insert themselves in their territories, produce themselves as subjects and invent forms of social participation in cultural circuits and politicians.This research aims to understand how black, peripheral and funk culture has produced the possibility of existence, creation and transformation of realities. As well as highlighting how the production of mental health occurs in this context, understanding here, mental health not as the absence of a disorder or illness, but as the experience of citizenship itself, subjectivation and the possibility of existing and creating new experiences and spaces of belonging in the world, that is, in the sense of the collective production of subjectivity. For this, methodologically, intervention research was used, with cartographic reference based on the interview technique to produce data in dialogue with the concept of Writing by the author Conceição Evaristo. Six self-declared young participants, black, peripheral and funk fans, were interviewed. The results were presented based on eight dimensions: (1) characterization of participants, (2) Conceptions of mental health, (3) Black emotionality, (4) Memories, belongings and records, (5) Collective and political action, ( 6) the body, corporeality and the aesthetic dimension, (7) Racism and everyday life and (8) Negritude, funk and the field of mental health. It concludes that the field of mental health is urgently positioned to contribute to the promotion of racial equity and the deinstitutionalization of racism, which David and Vicentin (2020) called the Aquilombamento process. In this sense, funk cultural production needs to be highlighted in this field, since it presents itself as a powerful expression of the ethical, aesthetic and political dimensions of the mental health of the young black Brazilian population, and points us to clues for the production of care practices and of social transformation.
Além das medidas: abordagens lúdicas e desafios da OBMEP na compreensão do conceito de área
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-20) Silva, Silmara Louise da; Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084128003025003
This project consisted of conceiving, implementing, and applying a didactic sequence that used diverse pedagogical approaches, including the use of manipulative materials, to explore concepts and problems related to the field of polygons. The activities were carefully planned to progressively increase the level of challenge, aiming to stimulate students to develop strategic thinking skills in solving specific problems from the Brazilian Public School Mathematics Olympiad (OBMEP). The didactic sequence was applied to 8ᵗʰ grade students at a municipal school in the city of Poços de Caldas during the second semester of 2022 and the first semester of 2023, and the results were analyzed and validated from the perspective of didactic engineering.
Método simplificado para cálculo e avaliação do uso combinado de técnicas compensatórias no manejo de águas pluviais em escala de loteamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-20) Peroni, Carolina Sulzbach Lima; Vasconcelos, Anaí Floriano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6595801339743126; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5078829117479037; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-271X
The increase in impacts resulting from soil sealing and the inefficiency of conventional urban drainage systems has been emphasizing with greater magnitude, the need to rethink the conventional urban planning implemented in a large part of Brazil. Several alternative approaches to conventional stormwater management are known and successfully applied internationally; and, at a national level, they are in the (slow) process of being incorporated into the technical environment. The use of Detention Basins - BD to control and/or avoid new flooding points, in Brazilian cities of different sizes, is an increasingly common practice that demonstrates efforts to minimize such impacts, as well as reinforce the inefficiency of the existing infrastructure for current climatic and urban conditions. In view of this context of increasing advances in the adoption of these measures, the present study seeks to demonstrate, based on the proposition and application of a Simplified Method of Calculation and Evaluation of the combined use of CT (aailable at the link: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/18zHM ObhFsCdC8Y6rbsf7RxWcP6lzP0c0?usp=drive_link), that the temporary storage and/or infiltration must be studied/planned from the lot scale, with the use of existing public areas in the allotment, called Lowered Green Areas - AVR. For this, four simulation arrangements were defined, namely: (1) without AVR; (2) with AVR in lots; (3) with AVR in public areas; and (4) with AVR on lots and public areas. This set of arrangements were simulated in three study areas, with different land use and occupation, but all with Detention Basins. The adopted parameter of comparison was the reduction of the dimensions of the BD, due to the distribution of AVR upstream. The simulations were carried out and, as expected, there was a reduction in the volumes of detention, and it was even possible to discard this unit, in some cases. The lag of peak times depended on the dimensions of the AVR (subject to change by the user), varying according to the rainfall adopted. These results proved to be positive for the implementation of storage and infiltration structures at different scales, but emphasizing that all these combinations influenced the reduction of the surface runoff volume and the delay of the peak flow; having little influence on the absolute value of the latter for the post-occupancy condition. The analysis of the hydrological behavior, through the entry and exit hydrographs of the BD, made it possible to identify that in addition to the hydrological benefits, it is essential to define other possible non-hydrological aspects for choosing the best arrangement. Finally, it was demonstrated that the development of a simplified method of calculating and evaluating compensatory techniques constitutes an instrument that can greatly facilitate the study of the use of these techniques, in an isolated or combined way, expanding their possibilities, but also identifying its limitations.
Análise da ocorrência, distribuição, riqueza e endemicidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte no Mata Atlântica brasileira, com ênfase no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco e nas abordagens não invasivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-20) Oliveira, Marina Elisa de; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-6126; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3652140758600140; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-5489
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) is globally recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, harboring high species richness and endemicity while suffering from intense anthropogenic threat. Three Pleistocene climate refuge centers are recognized in this biome: São Paulo, Bahia and Pernambuco. However, rapid contemporary climate change associated with other anthropogenic activities reduces species distribution area, impacting species richness, and may result in the extinctions of many species. To understand the responses of medium and large mammals of the BAF to climate change, we built species distribution models and compared species richness and endemicity for the past (21 000 years ago), present and future (2081-2100). We also examined the potential change in distribution between the present and the future in each of the BAF refugia. To understand the evolutionary history of the communities, we calculated the phylogenetic diversity of each refuge. We observed patterns of contemporary richness and areas of endemism congruent with the areas of the Pleistocene refugia. Phylogenetic diversity revealed different evolutionary histories in each refuge and the presence of phylogenetically distant species in the area of lowest richness (Pernambuco refuge), indicating that ecological diversity may be preserved. Our results highlight the widespread and negative impacts of climate change on mammal distribution. The species distribution modeling approach requires accurate and reliable species identification and occurrence data. Many mammal species, especially carnivores, occur at low densities, which makes them difficult to detect and study. Through a systematic literature review we explored how fecal DNA, a noninvasive sampling approach, has been used to study carnivore species considered rare. We investigated the applications and techniques that have been employed, the sampling effort required and the efficacy of fecal DNA in detecting rare carnivores. We compiled data from 250 papers and found that fecal DNA is a valuable source of genetic material for determining species, individual identity, and sex, among other applications. Fecal DNA was found to be more and equally efficient in determining the number of individuals and species present, respectively, compared to alternative methods. Among the three BAF refugia, the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC) or Pernambuco refuge deserves to be highlighted for its smaller area, scarce studies, and intense anthropogenic threat, resulting in habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation. Therefore, it is essential to determine the efficiency of sampling methods to produce rapid and reliable assessments. We compared five noninvasive survey methods to assess the medium-sized mammal community in a forest fragment immersed in a sugarcane matrix. We identified thirteen species and discussed the results in relation to the group of species detected, the proportional detection success and the latency to first detection of each method. We expanded the molecular identification of feces to six important areas of the PEC in the state of Alagoas searching for native Canidae and Felidae species. We identified two species: Leopardus tigrinus and Cedocyon thous. The results show the usefulness of fecal DNA sampling for detecting rare species, such as L. tigrinus, but also reinforce the process of defaunation in the region. The findings in each of these chapters are relevant to the conservation of mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, shedding light on strategies and actions that can be taken to preserve the biological diversity of this ecosystem.