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Manifesto Negro: experiências negras da formação à prática em terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Ambrosio, Alekin Antonio
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Silva, Carla Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8433188990022599
In order to investigate how racism and raciality are present and interfere in the process of graduate training in occupational therapy, from the experience of black people, this Thesis-Manifesto is made from a participatory investigation, which, under a critical postcolonial perspective on the production of knowledge and an Afrodiasporic perspective for the production of knowledge, it is extrapolated as a militant-investigation in the production of complaints. This thesis has its genesis in the Brazilian racist context: anchored in eugenic attempts to prove the inferiority of Black, Indigenous and mestizo people, to the myth of racial democracy created by Gilberto Freyre as a political proposal to whiten the population. In contrast to eugenics theories, anti-racist movements were solidified, especially with the entry of a few Black intellectuals into Brazilian universities from 1930 onwards. Thus, the myth of racial democracy came to be constantly and rigorously criticized. Important works such as those of Florestan Fernandes, Abdias do Nascimento, Lélia Gonzalez, Beatriz Nascimento and Sueli Carneiro, contributed to analyses of Brazilian society and socio-racial inequality that demystified the supposed existence of a racial democracy. From the Amefrican perspective of Lélia Gonzalez, we follow the theoretical perspective of "racism to Brazilian", which is manifested both by violence against those who represent a Black, Indigenous or mestizo identity, and by the denial of the violence perpetrated. In addition to other notions of racism already explored, we have constructed the concept of rhizomatic racism – a network of connections so complex that it is no longer possible to identify the beginning or the end, it is necessary to map it in all its ramifications of life, as well as to understand its past-present-future temporal extension and its spatial dimension of occupation of inhabited territories. Inserted in the Brazilian social historical processes, Occupational Therapy also has its contribution to the maintenance and reproduction of racist health structures, from the development of its epistemologies and foundations, through the training of new professionals, to what comes in practice to the people who are served. The first phase of the research, with trained professionals, was composed of three stages: 1) Mapping of professionals; 2) Selection of professionals for the interview; and 3) Unstructured interview. The material of the first phase was analyzed from the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The second stage was performed with occupational therapy students, from an online form, analyzed under the Thematic Analysis (TA). And the third phase comprised a Document Analysis (DA) from the Curricular Projects of the undergraduate courses in Occupational Therapy in Brazil. In the end, it is up to us to undertake criticisms of the past and present of occupational therapy, in the search for an Afrofuturist, ancestral, countercolonial process for the formation and practice of occupational therapy. In our analysis, racism operates in the lives of Black people, going through their education to their professional life. We point out, from Abdias Nascimento and Beatriz Nascimento, the idea of community around the concept of quilombo, as an updated institution of grouping among Black people, as a political-cultural strategy, a creative unit of resistance against colonialism and everyday racism, historical continuity, survival, and cultural resistance of Black communities.
Profissionalismo: percepção de estudantes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Campus de Arapiraca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Menezes, Marcelo Calazans Duarte de
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7122674923081721
The technological advances in science that occurred in the last century have improved the accuracy of diagnostics and treatment in health; on the other hand, it robotized the relationships between doctors and their patients. From this perspective, there is an urgent need to debate the construction of a new model for medical professionalism, which seeks to humanize this complex relationship. Within this new concept of professionalism, medical schools need to be aware that topics such as bioethics, communication, patient autonomy and social justice are included in the teaching and learning process of students. Problematizing the concept of medical professionalism as a professor of the Medicine course at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) - Arapiraca Campus and a master's student in the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Management (PPGGC), the following research question was reached: How does the student body of the Medicine course at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus perceive, throughout their undergraduate studies, the development of their competence profile in relation to professionalism? Therefore, the general objective of the present study is to understand the perception of the student body at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus with regard to the development of the competence profile in relation to professionalism throughout the medical degree. The specific objectives are: to understand and discuss the principles and conceptions about professionalism from the student perspective; and evoke learning opportunities about professionalism experienced during the medical course. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory case study in which a qualitative research approach was used. An online focus group was held with students about to enter the final year of the Medicine course. The material was analyzed according to the Meaning Interpretation Method. Regarding ethical aspects, all students were invited and informed about the possible risks of the research, and the Free and Consent Form (TCLE) was presented. The reinterpretation of contextualized speeches gave rise to categories of analysis that have an ingrained dialogue with professionalism, namely: Communication and Humanization; Professionalism and Comprehensiveness of care; and Hidden Curriculum. It was noticeable that several attributes related to professionalism are being incorporated by students throughout their degree, such as: responsibility, self-reflection, respect for patients, ethics, teamwork and social responsibility. However, the hidden curriculum appeared as an obstacle to the development of professionalism attributes. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of the hidden curriculum, a set of actions derived from this research was developed, which can be characterized as a Technical Product: insertion of the term medical professionalism in menus of educational modules related to medical practice that make up the new version of the Course PPC, published in August 2023; and the offer of an Active Learning Methodologies course, starting in August 2023, for 80% of the course's teachers, with the aim of improving the teaching-learning process for the development of attributes of medical professionalism.
Um modelo matemático via sistema baseado em regras fuzzy para avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Lunetta, Camila
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Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326089722678578
This work aims to propose a model/tool through a rule-based fuzzy system to assist the teacher in the complex task of evaluating student learning, aiming to consider subjective aspects inherent in the evaluation process. The major contribution of this tool is that the teacher will be able to choose which and how many forms of assessment to adopt to determine the student's final grade. The main advantage of the model is the ability to classify students' performance by considering the use of different criteria (input variables) for the composition of the final grade (output variable), using qualitative and quantitative information treated as fuzzy sets. Subsequently, we applied this model in a Mathematics class in the Middle School of a public school. For computational implementation of the model, the MATLAB software Toolbox Fuzzy and the Python programming language were used. We hope that the proposed model here becomes a new and useful tool to assist educators in determining students' performance throughout the academic year.
A diversidade críptica da comunidade zooplanctônica em lagoas intermitentes do semiárido brasileiro: avaliação dos mecanismos de resiliência a alterações ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Santos, Felipe Antonio dos
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Melo Júnior, Mauro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-1205
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Rocha, Odete
The zooplankton community plays a highly relevant role in temporary freshwater ecosystems. Comprising various groups of organisms such as rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and other microcrustaceans, including Anostraca and Conchostraca, this community plays a vital role in maintaining the health and stability of these environments. It acts as a key link in energy flow and nutrient cycling, connecting different trophic levels and influencing the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamics and resilience of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Our main objective was to evaluate the impact of different environmental conditions, such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds, on this community. In the first article, we identified that both soil type and trophic state of the ponds exert a significant influence on the presence or absence of various zooplankton species. These findings revealed that some species occur preferentially in clearer environments, while others prefer turbid environments. In the second article, we analyzed the hatching rates of resting forms and the resilience of the zooplankton community, which were influenced by the depth and soil type of the ponds. Remarkably, ponds with rocky soil exhibited a higher hatching rate compared to ponds with clayey soil. We also found that the difference in the composition of hatched organisms increases as the depth of the pond increases. In the third article, we investigated how the hatching rate of the dormant zooplankton community is affected by land use and occupation in the surrounding areas of the ponds. We found that human impact near temporary ponds is directly related to a lower hatching rate of the dormant community, especially in more impacted environments. This research provided a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds in the initial composition and temporal succession of communities.
Fatores de risco para infecção do trato urinário: revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Oliveira, Daniela de
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-4206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3317253835540946
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections worldwide and rank among the leading causes of hospitalization due to pathogens, posing a significant threat to public health. Objective: To map the knowledge produced regarding risk factors for UTIs in adult and elderly populations across different types of healthcare services and in the community. Method: This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. The research question guiding the study was: "What are the risk factors for urinary tract infections identified in adult and elderly populations in different healthcare services and in the community?" Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published within the last five years, involving adult patients, and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The search was conducted in April 2023 in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (BVS), SciELO, and Web of Science. The keywords used were "risk factor," "urinary tract infection," "adults," "pyelonephritis," and "cystitis." The final sample consisted of 37 studies. Results: The included studies addressed different groups and contexts and were categorized into eight main themes: (1) Risk factors for UTIs in patients with diabetes mellitus; (2) in patients undergoing kidney transplantation; (3) in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria; (4) in recurrent UTIs in women; (5) in patients undergoing surgical procedures and others; (6) in patients with neurological impairment; (7) in patients with long-term urinary catheterization; and (8) risk factors identified in studies addressing diverse topics. Various risk factors were identified depending on the population studied. A tendency was observed to explore risk factors within groups already known to be susceptible to developing UTIs, such as women and patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as in specific situations like infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, post-kidney transplantation, surgical procedures, and urinary catheterization. Conclusion: Given the complexity and magnitude of UTIs as a global health issue, it is crucial to develop further studies that consolidate existing knowledge and explore the existence of new risk factors across different populations and contexts, especially concerning community-acquired UTIs. It is also essential to identify effective measures for the prevention and control of UTIs by nursing and healthcare professionals.
Proposição de protocolo para avaliação do uso racional da água em canteiro de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Broggio, Lucas
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Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-976X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8165950845102990
The market has been seeking more sustainable ventures, mainly due to requirements in financing and the obligation to comply with public contracts, reducing production costs. The research object was to study the consumption of water in construction sites, which has greater weight in environmental certifications, has a more significant impact on construction processes and availability of technologies, and the existence of good practices that provide better use of this resource. The method proposed consisted of the elaboration and application of a research protocol consisting of a qualitative questionnaire that allowed the classification of the level of good practices to reduce water consumption observed during the construction site operation. The protocol obtained responses from 26 construction sites, with different typologies ranging from 112m² to 80,000m², located in nine Brazilian states. The questionnaire results revealed that those with the highest sustainable rating had adopted strategic planning and implemented actions to achieve high standards of quality and innovation in reducing water consumption. Among the categories, the constructions performed better in implementing sustainable measures related to "Construction Site Water Supply and Distribution" (52% average). In comparison, the category "Construction Site Structure" had the lowest average (22%), indicating the need for significant improvements in this aspect. The proposed protocol can be used as a tool to encourage and disseminate good practices for the rational use of water at the construction site. The emphasis on this topic drives the continuous development of business processes, regardless of size and sector of operation, promoting the dissemination of management models for continuous improvement and fostering a culture of sustainability in the construction sector.
Residência pedagógica / pedagogia: uma análise das relações entre os sujeitos participantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Leme, Josi Carolina da Silva
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-1437
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1932240181888180
This thesis has as its central theme is teacher training articulated between initial and continuing training through the Pedagogical Residency Program. The training gaps in the teaching profession that constitute problems for Brazilian education, evidenced in the pandemic context, are discussed and mediated by scholars such as António Nóvoa (Nóvoa, 2019; Nóvoa; Alvim, 2022), Bernardete Gatti (Gatti et al., 2019), Marcelo Garcia (2009). Marli André (2016), Maurice Tardif (2014), and Dermeval Saviani (2011a; 2011b). From the problematic of teacher training in an articulated way between the university and the basic school, as well as from the pedagogical practice, the research questions arise: How is a context that seeks to articulate initial and continuing education characterized? What elements show the integration between theories and practices? In this sense, we elaborated as a general objective: to analyze the role of the different actors that participate in the Pedagogical Residency Program, that is the students of the Degree in Pedagogy course, the Basic Education teachers of a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in together with their respective management teams, the preceptor professor, as well as the influence of this interaction in the professional teaching development. The qualitative approach study uses the survey of theses and dissertations and semi-structured interviews as methodological instruments. The interviews took place during the Covid-19 Pandemic, through individual video calls, with access and transcription only by the researcher. Those involved in three municipal schools participated in the research, with 10 participants: three elementary school teachers, three residents, two managers, a preceptor professor and the university professor who coordinated the project. Through content analysis, we obtained results that point to a great training potential both for the preceptor teacher and for the teachers who received the residents, however, despite the countless possibilities of joint training of the residents with the teachers of basic education, the program has not yet managed, in the reality studied, to link theory and practice in order to contemplate all those involved.The definition of the profile of the selected academic productions also indicates a focus on initial training and few notes aimed at preceptors. Therefore, we identified the need for research aimed at the professional development of basic education teachers who teach the profession, receiving residents in their classrooms, as well as university professors who guide residents in the program. Our study emphasizes that, in the analyzed context, there was a need for university professors to be present in primary schools and of basic education teachers to be present at the university in a privileged space for teacher training.
Rentabilidade, eficiência e risco em cooperativas de crédito e bancos comerciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Rocha, Isabella de Moura
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Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128310607718278
In contrast to commercial banks, entities with concentrated ownership, whose predominant focus lies on maximizing profit; Credit cooperatives are socially oriented and collectively managed, with products and services similar to those of a commercial bank. Therefore, the study aims to understand how these entities differ and behave in relation to the variables risk, profitability and efficiency. The study used the Vector Autoregressive Panel Data (PVAR) model, with data from Brazilian credit unions and commercial banks between 2011 and 2021, originating from the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB). The results reveal significant disparities: commercial banks, despite presenting lower profitability and risk than credit unions, demonstrated greater efficiency. The results of the Generalized Impulse Response Functions (GIRF), obtained after estimating the PVAR model, indicated that, for credit cooperatives, a shock to profitability triggers a negative reaction in their own profitability, as well as in commercial banks. A risk shock is associated with increased profitability, suggesting the adaptability of credit unions to higher risks, in contrast to commercial banks. The observed changes in efficiency minimally affected the profitability of credit unions and commercial banks. The influence of the sample on the GIRF results was relevant, as excessively heterogeneous samples of credit unions demonstrated unreliable results in relation to more homogeneous samples. This study contributes to the understanding of the idiosyncrasies of Brazilian credit unions and commercial banks, in addition to providing algorithms for processing data from the BCB.
Padronização de um método alternativo para diferenciação de células de neuroblastoma utilizando matriz extracelular rica em laminina para avaliação de ADAM10 e IDE em meios de cultivo hiperglicêmico e normoglicêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Grigoli, Marina Mantellatto
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9440515754252720
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cortical atrophy predominantly in the medial temporal lobe and, microscopically, by extensive neuronal losses and deposits called neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Since the results of the Rotterdam study in 1992, it has been known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of dementia. Patients with T2DM present structural brain changes and cognitive impairment, with a high risk of developing AD. These data suggest that insulin may play a fundamental role in brain activity and memory formation. Based on these findings, AD has been called “type 3 diabetes” (T3DM) or “cerebral diabetes” by some researchers. Some research groups have shown that ADAM10, the α-secretase that inhibits the formation of senile plaques and, therefore, is protective against AD, is altered in the blood of older adults with this dementia compared to cognitively healthy older adults. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify whether there are differences in the levels and activity of ADAM10 in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), differentiated and undifferentiated, cultured in regular and hyperglycemic cellular media, in a condition that simulates T2DM, as well as concomitant changes in the levels of proteins involved in the insulin pathway, particularly the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The results showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the differentiation of neuronal cells for a more extended period, even in an environment with a high glucose content. Furthermore, it was also possible to observe a reduction in ADAM10 and IDE levels in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated and cultured in a hyperglycemic environment. The results of this study highlight the importance of the ECM in maintaining neuronal differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, these results contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between T2DM and AD and provide valuable suggestions for future research in these areas. The impact of this study is related to a better understanding of the biology of these diseases, highlighting the need for more studies related to the implementation of new clinical approaches to the treatment of AD, also observing the metabolic status of patients.
Efeitos de diferentes protocolos de exercício físico sobre a composição corporal, índices antropométricos e cardiometabólicos em indivíduos com obesidade: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-01)
Scalli, Ana Carolina Aparecida Marcondes
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Signini, Étore De Favari
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Abreu, Raphael Martins de
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4854577305653497
Biofenomenologia da melancolia: uma reflexão sobre o estado da arte no tratamento da depressão e sua aplicação no sujeito subjetivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-01)
Oliveira, Lucas Cleto de
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Campos, Crispim Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964895672298869
This course completion project presents a reflective qualitative review of the state of the art in depression treatment and its application to the subjective self. The review delves into the pathophysiology of depression, pharmacological strategies to expedite antidepressant response, and enhance antidepressant efficacy, including medication switching, combination of antidepressants, and co-administration of augmenting agents. It also discusses ketamine, an agent that produces an immediate and effective response in treating suicidal behavior, and the involvement of the nociceptive system in the pathophysiology of depression. The review introduces a paradigm describing the possibility of simultaneous action in three therapeutic response time frames in depression treatment: immediate, rapid, and slow. It discusses pharmacological agents with their respective properties. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of maximizing pharmacological therapeutic effects and remission rates, extending beyond cognitive, behavioral, or discursive strategies. The review analyzes the real impact of such optimizations on the author throughout their personal and academic experience. This review concludes that ketamine, an agent providing an immediate and effective response in treating suicidal behavior, could be a crucial factor in reducing the impact of depression on society, altering outcomes such as suicide and loss of functionality.
Formação médica : relato de experiência de estudante PCD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-01)
Francisco, Caique Henrique
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Campos, Crispim Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964895672298869
This work describes the itinerary of a PCD student on the Medicine program at the Federal University of São Carlos during the period from 2018 and 2023. Its purpose is to present a personal perspective on the stages experienced within the scope of medical training. In this sense, the academic trajectory experienced is narrated in chronological order, describing the experiences of yet another young PCD student inserted in a unique pedagogical sphere that constitutes the medical course structured by the active PBL (Problem Based Learning) methodology, in the city of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. In the text, educational cycles are examined, which represent the milestones of demonstrating involvement. It is noteworthy that in this work the entire set of critical-reflective analysis expressed here takes place from the insurmountable perspective of a student with a physical disability during the pandemic of COVID-19 that ravaged the globe throughout most of the school periods. Finally, some paradigms of medical education are problematized in light of a universe of education — more than ever — dynamic, hyperconnected and, more recently, with innovative artificial intelligence and big data technologies at our disposal.
Mulheres e água: perspectivas, desigualdades de gênero e gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-02)
Sousa, Fernanda Vale de
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2842219478396696
Water is a fundamental resource in environmental, ecological, economic, and political terms, and as its demand has increased, the human relationship with water has shifted to a purely utilitarian view. However, it is possible to go beyond the associations between man and water, which include social and cultural links that have been forgotten, among which the relationship between women and water is present but still little valued. There are notable gender asymmetries in control, access, and use of resources, as well as greater male participation in public and decision-making positions in water management. Given the important role that women play in water management and conservation, it was necessary to look at their relationships and women's perceptions of water, questioning the inequalities related to water resources in Brazil. Therefore, this research aimed to explore, identify, and analyze women's different relationships with rivers and springs, as well as women's perspectives on better water management and conservation. To this end, a systematic bibliographic review was conducted, as well as case studies with 12 female protagonists involved with water, rivers, and springs, through the application of interviews, and the content analysis method was used to analyze the results. The results showed that women have different knowledge and valuable visions related to water for the management and conservation of this resource. These varieties refer to the context in which the protagonists are situated, as well as their life experiences and the direct nature of their relationship with water. However, the current scenario still shows a discrepancy in the unequal participation of women in the management of water resources, in different areas, contexts, levels of control, and access, when it comes to the relationship that both genders have with water. Incorporating a gender perspective aims to include the participation and empowerment of women in all stages of decision-making, with a view to alternatives to reduce these asymmetries. The aim is to achieve greater involvement of women (contributing to social balance) in water management and conservation processes, enabling and promoting gender equality and its relationship with water management.
Educação Ambiental em espaços não-formais: estudo de caso do projeto Aprendendo com a Mata Atlânica (Itu-SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-03)
Marchi, Kelly
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Sulaiman, Samia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9850909737590184
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Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9405961078398915
This project analyzes how non-formal environmental education has contributed to formal environmental education in schools. The object of study focuses on the project Learning wit the Atlantic Forest, with activities to milieu analysis, being developed by the SOS Mata Atlântica Foudation since 2010 at the Forestry Research Center SOS Mata Atlântica - HEIENKEN Group, located in Itu, São Paulo. The time frame of the research is limited to the year 2022, with 11 teachers from 6 schools as subjects. This is a case study and the methodological data collection procedures involve bibliographic and documentary review and fieldwork in an action research approach. The results obtained indicate the relevance of studying the environment in the educational training of students and teachers regarding environmental education and, therefore, the potential of non-formal educational spaces such as the Experiment Center in this context. It is concluded, with this work, that the Learning with the Atlantic Forest project has interfaces with the milieu analysis, is recognized by teachers about the educational potential and encourages developments for actions at school, in order to highlight and strengthen the positive relationship and proposal between formal and non-formal environmental education.
A educação profissional e tecnológica brasileira sob a perspectiva da formação politécnica: da colônia à década de 2000
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-03)
Michelato, Rafael Augusto
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4210385491987744
This study was carried out with the general aim of analyzing the history of Professional and Technological Education (EPT) in Brazil, from the colony to the 2000s, from the perspective of polytechnic training, in order to understand how professional education institutions were organized throughout history, what their pedagogical-social conceptions and functions were in the face of current national policy, as well as the contradictions inherent in the process of professionalizing the Brazilian working class. The research was limited to the historical period between colonial Brazil and the end of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's second administration. Developed from a qualitative approach, it was configured as bibliographical research, which, in a chronological narrative, described and analyzed the periods of the historical framework considered. The data revealed that over the centuries, Brazilian vocational education has been a space for conforming and submitting the lower classes to socio-economic interests and has been managed by the elites, with a depoliticizing and instrumentalizing function. Before the enactment of Law 11.982/2008, vocational and technological education was (in this order of occurrence): affiliated with hygienist conceptions; configured as an educational institution - houses of welcome, benevolence, correction; compulsory; and linked to the technicist paradigm. Following the enactment of the aforementioned law, the possibility of a polytechnic education for vocational and technological education students was introduced, with a view to building autonomy and awareness of the role they can play in society. The research enabled us to compare the history of EFA and its underlying concepts with the key concepts of polytechnics and work, understood from a Marxian and Gramscian perspective. The results showed that EFA, throughout the history of Brazilian education, has been directly linked to social class interests and capitalist development in Brazil. Furthermore, even though it has been updated over time, it has remained based on the concept of class domination and directly linked to social and racial prejudices. Movements to expand school levels and the conceptions of these institutions were linked to capitalist needs at the various stages of their development. Whether deliberately or not, governments have not confronted this problem, which has meant that the concept of polytechnics has not been effectively integrated into vocational and technological education in Brazil, at least until the historical limit considered in this research.
Alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto: propriedades mecânicas residuais de argamassas, grautes e prismas submetidos a altas temperaturas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-06)
Leal, Cleber Eduardo Fernandes
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Moreno Júnior, Armando Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5004049383694261
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7660-050X
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
The study of structural masonry under high temperatures is still initial in Brazil. Even internationally, little is known about the thermal and mechanical properties of masonry components when overheated. In the absence of a specific Brazilian standard, foreign guidelines are adopted by the technical community to check structural masonry in fire situations. However, its applicability is questionable, given that Brazilian materials have different characteristics of geometry and composition, in addition to the associated construction practices. Despite these differences, most international design/verification procedures are based on full-scale wall tests which, due to the lack of conveniently equipped laboratories, are not yet viable in our country. Therefore, a more feasible approach would be the correlation between test results, under high temperatures, of smaller models (blocks, prisms, small walls) and larger models (full-size walls), like what is done at room temperature. For that matter, this research aimed to determine the residual mechanical behavior of laying mortars, grouts, and prisms with two concrete blocks. There is no national, or even international, procedure for assessments of this nature in structural masonry prisms. The method used corresponded to an adaptation of that proposed by Medeiros, Parsekian and Moreno Jr. (2022) for the use of RILEM TC 200-HTC:2007 curves in structural concrete blocks. Were produced mortars with lime (conventional), lime-free (industrialized) and from three resistance classes (5, 10 and 20 MPa); grouts with 15, 25 and 35 MPa; prisms with two hollow and uncoated concrete blocks, varying block strength (6, 12, and 24 MPa), composition and strength of the laying mortar. All materials were subjected to low heating rates (4°C/min for mortars and 1°C/min for others) until they reached 200, 400, 600 and 800°C; kept for one hour at the respective temperatures; and cooled at the same rates to temperatures close to ambient. After cooling, the residual values of compressive strength and secant deformation modulus were obtained via destructive tests. The results showed that lime significantly interfered with the degradation of the mortars, especially after 400°C. The rehydration of the binder led to expansion, cracking, and greater reductions in the ordinary mixtures. Even with small amounts of lime, the grouts exhibited behavior consistent with residual normative curves for ordinary concretes (ACI/TMS 216-1:2014, EN 1992-1-2: Eurocode2: 2004) and those extracted from the literature. The confinement of the mortar joint led to a delay in the degradation of the prisms' mechanical properties. The cracking observed in the mortar specimens did not occur in the prism joints, regardless of the type of mortar and exposure temperature. The prism results were consistent with those of the blocks tested by Medeiros (2022). For all the materials tested, the drying modulus decreased early compared to the compressive strength. After 800°C, the property value became negligible. As a contribution, normalized mechanical property degradation curves were proposed for each material investigated.
Atuação bibliotecária em hospitais de ensino: um panorama da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-06)
Mendes, Neide Trindade
;
Dal'Evedove, Paula Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170937498266968
The insertion of the librarian in the health context is increasingly necessary, not only to train users who are experts in health regarding the sources to be consulted, but in the guidance and delivery of reliable information, filtering, treating and also certifying the veracity of information that will be disseminated to end users. In this sense, the question arises what is the professional profile and working conditions of librarians who work in teaching hospitals in the Central-West region of Brazil? Therefore, we seek to present an overview of the professional profile and respective working conditions of clinical librarians working in teaching hospitals in the Central-West region of Brazil. This is an exploratory and descriptive study. As methodological procedures, bibliographical surveys were carried out using the bases of the Information Science Database (BRAPCI), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO – Brazil), ENANCIB Annals and Portal de Capes periodicals. To collect data, we used a semi-structured questionnaire that was prepared via Google Forms, with a total of 20 questions, all anonymous and freely chosen in order to avoid bias in the answers. The results demonstrate that the majority of the 11 respondents identify themselves as information librarians and that the main difficulties in this niche of professional activity are related to the difficulty in understanding technical language; use appropriate information technology to organize and disseminate information; assess information needs in order to meet identified needs; master the sources of information in the area; carry out specializations and/or training; develop and manage information services and; provide support and training for users of the library or information service. In conclusion, the work of health librarians in the Central-West region is still incipient, and it is opportune to increase the supply of courses and specific training that trains librarian professionals who wish to work in the health context and in clinical environments.
Contaminação dos recursos hídricos por agrotóxicos: uma análise da precariedade do monitoramento e da inércia no combate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-06)
Versolato, Anete
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7594-479X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6121208457114811
Excessive pesticide use results in water pollution that is treated for human consumption. Data from the VIGIÁGUA system, available in SISÁGUA, are useful in assisting Health Surveillance agencies in managing health risks associated with treated water. This study aimed to investigate the states that use pesticides the most, such as Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, and the action plans or contingency plans to monitor pesticides in water intended for human consumption. The objective was to assess the monitoring of pesticides in water and identify gaps and potential improvements. Data for this exploratory study were collected from sources such as IBAMA, the Ministry of Health (MS), the Capes Periodicals Portal, and Scielo, as well as scientific articles and book chapters. Document analysis were conducted on the IBAMA and MS websites, reviewing spreadsheets with information on pesticides and water quality. The analysis period was from 2014 to 2021, during which pesticide levels in the water of states with the highest consumption were examined. In all states, there is quantification of values above or within the Maximum Permitted Value for the pesticide parameter. Health Surveillance agencies analyze these values individually, as the Ordinance 888/2021 does not establish a maximum limit for the total quantity of compounds in the water, only for each parameter. In some cities, the situation is more critical, as mentioned in the text, and in some states, the number of analyses conducted is insufficient, masking the true situation of the municipality. It was concluded that the actions of Health Surveillance agencies do not adequately consider chronic and multiple exposure to pesticides in water and that there is no uniformity in actions.
EIFuzzCND: uma estratégia incremental para classificação multiclasse e detecção de novidades em fluxos de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-06)
Bruzzone, Lucas Ricardo Duarte
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9561938938091496
The study addresses novelty detection in data streams, emphasizing the significance of this task in high-volume and high-velocity information environments. It proposes substantial improvements to the EFuzzCND algorithm, leading to the development of EIFuzzCND. These enhancements encompass an incremental approach, a reduction in dependence on true labels, and the implementation of the Incremental Confusion Matrix. Experiments validate the efficacy of EIFuzzCND across diverse scenarios, and result analysis underscores its capability to handle specific challenges, such as sudden concept shifts. The work contributes to advancing novelty detection in data streams by providing an innovative and practical approach, concluding with recommendations for future research.
Desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de acoplamento C-C e/ou C-N: mesclando ciência de dados e catálise metálica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-06)
Dantas, Juliana Arantes
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Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4954-6691
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3791522544686206
The approach of statistical methods capable of accurately predicting the relationship between structure and reactivity represents a major impact on the development of reactions. Recently, machine learning tools have been guided and applied in synthesis design. In the context of the work described here, these methods provide rapid information and relevant estimates about the structure and respective activity of substrates that are summarized in structural descriptors that influence the desired activity. Here we list the main results obtained in the development and use of substrate parameterization in new methodologies. In the context of nucleopalladation reactions, we highlight Wacker-type reactions that employ carbonylation reactions of non-activated double bonds by CO capture in a palladium- catalyzed process. We present two new methodologies, one of them to obtain pyrazoline ester derivatives tolerant to different substitutions in strategic positions of the starting material as demonstrated by the scoping study. As well, a new methodology for obtaining pyrazolines with a ketone moiety using boronic acids which allowed access to structural diversity ketone derivatives not previously described guided by a virtual library of boronic acids. Analysis of the electronic and steric factors into the reactivity was fundamental for understanding the nucleophilicity necessary for boronic acids in the transmetalation step. In sequence, we report our efforts to integrate data science and computational chemistry tools to guide, predict and explain the reactivity of persistent radicals generated in the reduction of cyano-arenes in the electrophilic cross-coupling between cyano(hetero)arenes and alkyl halides. The selection of substrates was made from the construction of a virtual library of cyanoarenes via projection of the chemical space by UMAP based on the dimensionality reduction of DFT level physicochemical parameters, ensuring structural diversity in relation to the chemical space. A predictive univariate model could be generated by correlating an electronic parameter with yield.