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Um modelo matemático via sistema baseado em regras fuzzy para avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Lunetta, Camila; Peixoto, Magda da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326089722678578
This work aims to propose a model/tool through a rule-based fuzzy system to assist the teacher in the complex task of evaluating student learning, aiming to consider subjective aspects inherent in the evaluation process. The major contribution of this tool is that the teacher will be able to choose which and how many forms of assessment to adopt to determine the student's final grade. The main advantage of the model is the ability to classify students' performance by considering the use of different criteria (input variables) for the composition of the final grade (output variable), using qualitative and quantitative information treated as fuzzy sets. Subsequently, we applied this model in a Mathematics class in the Middle School of a public school. For computational implementation of the model, the MATLAB software Toolbox Fuzzy and the Python programming language were used. We hope that the proposed model here becomes a new and useful tool to assist educators in determining students' performance throughout the academic year.
A diversidade críptica da comunidade zooplanctônica em lagoas intermitentes do semiárido brasileiro: avaliação dos mecanismos de resiliência a alterações ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Santos, Felipe Antonio dos; Melo Júnior, Mauro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-1205; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3956271897745065; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-7761
The zooplankton community plays a highly relevant role in temporary freshwater ecosystems. Comprising various groups of organisms such as rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and other microcrustaceans, including Anostraca and Conchostraca, this community plays a vital role in maintaining the health and stability of these environments. It acts as a key link in energy flow and nutrient cycling, connecting different trophic levels and influencing the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamics and resilience of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Our main objective was to evaluate the impact of different environmental conditions, such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds, on this community. In the first article, we identified that both soil type and trophic state of the ponds exert a significant influence on the presence or absence of various zooplankton species. These findings revealed that some species occur preferentially in clearer environments, while others prefer turbid environments. In the second article, we analyzed the hatching rates of resting forms and the resilience of the zooplankton community, which were influenced by the depth and soil type of the ponds. Remarkably, ponds with rocky soil exhibited a higher hatching rate compared to ponds with clayey soil. We also found that the difference in the composition of hatched organisms increases as the depth of the pond increases. In the third article, we investigated how the hatching rate of the dormant zooplankton community is affected by land use and occupation in the surrounding areas of the ponds. We found that human impact near temporary ponds is directly related to a lower hatching rate of the dormant community, especially in more impacted environments. This research provided a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds in the initial composition and temporal succession of communities.
Manifesto Negro: experiências negras da formação à prática em terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Ambrosio, Alekin Antonio; Silva, Carla Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8433188990022599; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-6309
In order to investigate how racism and raciality are present and interfere in the process of graduate training in occupational therapy, from the experience of black people, this Thesis-Manifesto is made from a participatory investigation, which, under a critical postcolonial perspective on the production of knowledge and an Afrodiasporic perspective for the production of knowledge, it is extrapolated as a militant-investigation in the production of complaints. This thesis has its genesis in the Brazilian racist context: anchored in eugenic attempts to prove the inferiority of Black, Indigenous and mestizo people, to the myth of racial democracy created by Gilberto Freyre as a political proposal to whiten the population. In contrast to eugenics theories, anti-racist movements were solidified, especially with the entry of a few Black intellectuals into Brazilian universities from 1930 onwards. Thus, the myth of racial democracy came to be constantly and rigorously criticized. Important works such as those of Florestan Fernandes, Abdias do Nascimento, Lélia Gonzalez, Beatriz Nascimento and Sueli Carneiro, contributed to analyses of Brazilian society and socio-racial inequality that demystified the supposed existence of a racial democracy. From the Amefrican perspective of Lélia Gonzalez, we follow the theoretical perspective of "racism to Brazilian", which is manifested both by violence against those who represent a Black, Indigenous or mestizo identity, and by the denial of the violence perpetrated. In addition to other notions of racism already explored, we have constructed the concept of rhizomatic racism – a network of connections so complex that it is no longer possible to identify the beginning or the end, it is necessary to map it in all its ramifications of life, as well as to understand its past-present-future temporal extension and its spatial dimension of occupation of inhabited territories. Inserted in the Brazilian social historical processes, Occupational Therapy also has its contribution to the maintenance and reproduction of racist health structures, from the development of its epistemologies and foundations, through the training of new professionals, to what comes in practice to the people who are served. The first phase of the research, with trained professionals, was composed of three stages: 1) Mapping of professionals; 2) Selection of professionals for the interview; and 3) Unstructured interview. The material of the first phase was analyzed from the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The second stage was performed with occupational therapy students, from an online form, analyzed under the Thematic Analysis (TA). And the third phase comprised a Document Analysis (DA) from the Curricular Projects of the undergraduate courses in Occupational Therapy in Brazil. In the end, it is up to us to undertake criticisms of the past and present of occupational therapy, in the search for an Afrofuturist, ancestral, countercolonial process for the formation and practice of occupational therapy. In our analysis, racism operates in the lives of Black people, going through their education to their professional life. We point out, from Abdias Nascimento and Beatriz Nascimento, the idea of community around the concept of quilombo, as an updated institution of grouping among Black people, as a political-cultural strategy, a creative unit of resistance against colonialism and everyday racism, historical continuity, survival, and cultural resistance of Black communities.
Proposição de protocolo para avaliação do uso racional da água em canteiro de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Broggio, Lucas; Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-976X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8165950845102990; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-1980
The market has been seeking more sustainable ventures, mainly due to requirements in financing and the obligation to comply with public contracts, reducing production costs. The research object was to study the consumption of water in construction sites, which has greater weight in environmental certifications, has a more significant impact on construction processes and availability of technologies, and the existence of good practices that provide better use of this resource. The method proposed consisted of the elaboration and application of a research protocol consisting of a qualitative questionnaire that allowed the classification of the level of good practices to reduce water consumption observed during the construction site operation. The protocol obtained responses from 26 construction sites, with different typologies ranging from 112m² to 80,000m², located in nine Brazilian states. The questionnaire results revealed that those with the highest sustainable rating had adopted strategic planning and implemented actions to achieve high standards of quality and innovation in reducing water consumption. Among the categories, the constructions performed better in implementing sustainable measures related to "Construction Site Water Supply and Distribution" (52% average). In comparison, the category "Construction Site Structure" had the lowest average (22%), indicating the need for significant improvements in this aspect. The proposed protocol can be used as a tool to encourage and disseminate good practices for the rational use of water at the construction site. The emphasis on this topic drives the continuous development of business processes, regardless of size and sector of operation, promoting the dissemination of management models for continuous improvement and fostering a culture of sustainability in the construction sector.
Fatores de risco para infecção do trato urinário: revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Oliveira, Daniela de; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-4206; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3317253835540946; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1498-5011; Garbuio, Danielle Cristina; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7061695887454420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-5213; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-451X
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections worldwide and rank among the leading causes of hospitalization due to pathogens, posing a significant threat to public health. Objective: To map the knowledge produced regarding risk factors for UTIs in adult and elderly populations across different types of healthcare services and in the community. Method: This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. The research question guiding the study was: "What are the risk factors for urinary tract infections identified in adult and elderly populations in different healthcare services and in the community?" Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published within the last five years, involving adult patients, and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The search was conducted in April 2023 in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (BVS), SciELO, and Web of Science. The keywords used were "risk factor," "urinary tract infection," "adults," "pyelonephritis," and "cystitis." The final sample consisted of 37 studies. Results: The included studies addressed different groups and contexts and were categorized into eight main themes: (1) Risk factors for UTIs in patients with diabetes mellitus; (2) in patients undergoing kidney transplantation; (3) in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria; (4) in recurrent UTIs in women; (5) in patients undergoing surgical procedures and others; (6) in patients with neurological impairment; (7) in patients with long-term urinary catheterization; and (8) risk factors identified in studies addressing diverse topics. Various risk factors were identified depending on the population studied. A tendency was observed to explore risk factors within groups already known to be susceptible to developing UTIs, such as women and patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as in specific situations like infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, post-kidney transplantation, surgical procedures, and urinary catheterization. Conclusion: Given the complexity and magnitude of UTIs as a global health issue, it is crucial to develop further studies that consolidate existing knowledge and explore the existence of new risk factors across different populations and contexts, especially concerning community-acquired UTIs. It is also essential to identify effective measures for the prevention and control of UTIs by nursing and healthcare professionals.
Profissionalismo: percepção de estudantes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Campus de Arapiraca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Menezes, Marcelo Calazans Duarte de; Aquilante, Aline Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7122674923081721
The technological advances in science that occurred in the last century have improved the accuracy of diagnostics and treatment in health; on the other hand, it robotized the relationships between doctors and their patients. From this perspective, there is an urgent need to debate the construction of a new model for medical professionalism, which seeks to humanize this complex relationship. Within this new concept of professionalism, medical schools need to be aware that topics such as bioethics, communication, patient autonomy and social justice are included in the teaching and learning process of students. Problematizing the concept of medical professionalism as a professor of the Medicine course at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) - Arapiraca Campus and a master's student in the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Management (PPGGC), the following research question was reached: How does the student body of the Medicine course at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus perceive, throughout their undergraduate studies, the development of their competence profile in relation to professionalism? Therefore, the general objective of the present study is to understand the perception of the student body at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus with regard to the development of the competence profile in relation to professionalism throughout the medical degree. The specific objectives are: to understand and discuss the principles and conceptions about professionalism from the student perspective; and evoke learning opportunities about professionalism experienced during the medical course. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory case study in which a qualitative research approach was used. An online focus group was held with students about to enter the final year of the Medicine course. The material was analyzed according to the Meaning Interpretation Method. Regarding ethical aspects, all students were invited and informed about the possible risks of the research, and the Free and Consent Form (TCLE) was presented. The reinterpretation of contextualized speeches gave rise to categories of analysis that have an ingrained dialogue with professionalism, namely: Communication and Humanization; Professionalism and Comprehensiveness of care; and Hidden Curriculum. It was noticeable that several attributes related to professionalism are being incorporated by students throughout their degree, such as: responsibility, self-reflection, respect for patients, ethics, teamwork and social responsibility. However, the hidden curriculum appeared as an obstacle to the development of professionalism attributes. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of the hidden curriculum, a set of actions derived from this research was developed, which can be characterized as a Technical Product: insertion of the term medical professionalism in menus of educational modules related to medical practice that make up the new version of the Course PPC, published in August 2023; and the offer of an Active Learning Methodologies course, starting in August 2023, for 80% of the course's teachers, with the aim of improving the teaching-learning process for the development of attributes of medical professionalism.
Residência pedagógica / pedagogia: uma análise das relações entre os sujeitos participantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Leme, Josi Carolina da Silva; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-1437; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1932240181888180; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2833-5326
This thesis has as its central theme is teacher training articulated between initial and continuing training through the Pedagogical Residency Program. The training gaps in the teaching profession that constitute problems for Brazilian education, evidenced in the pandemic context, are discussed and mediated by scholars such as António Nóvoa (Nóvoa, 2019; Nóvoa; Alvim, 2022), Bernardete Gatti (Gatti et al., 2019), Marcelo Garcia (2009). Marli André (2016), Maurice Tardif (2014), and Dermeval Saviani (2011a; 2011b). From the problematic of teacher training in an articulated way between the university and the basic school, as well as from the pedagogical practice, the research questions arise: How is a context that seeks to articulate initial and continuing education characterized? What elements show the integration between theories and practices? In this sense, we elaborated as a general objective: to analyze the role of the different actors that participate in the Pedagogical Residency Program, that is the students of the Degree in Pedagogy course, the Basic Education teachers of a municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in together with their respective management teams, the preceptor professor, as well as the influence of this interaction in the professional teaching development. The qualitative approach study uses the survey of theses and dissertations and semi-structured interviews as methodological instruments. The interviews took place during the Covid-19 Pandemic, through individual video calls, with access and transcription only by the researcher. Those involved in three municipal schools participated in the research, with 10 participants: three elementary school teachers, three residents, two managers, a preceptor professor and the university professor who coordinated the project. Through content analysis, we obtained results that point to a great training potential both for the preceptor teacher and for the teachers who received the residents, however, despite the countless possibilities of joint training of the residents with the teachers of basic education, the program has not yet managed, in the reality studied, to link theory and practice in order to contemplate all those involved.The definition of the profile of the selected academic productions also indicates a focus on initial training and few notes aimed at preceptors. Therefore, we identified the need for research aimed at the professional development of basic education teachers who teach the profession, receiving residents in their classrooms, as well as university professors who guide residents in the program. Our study emphasizes that, in the analyzed context, there was a need for university professors to be present in primary schools and of basic education teachers to be present at the university in a privileged space for teacher training.
Padronização de um método alternativo para diferenciação de células de neuroblastoma utilizando matriz extracelular rica em laminina para avaliação de ADAM10 e IDE em meios de cultivo hiperglicêmico e normoglicêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Grigoli, Marina Mantellatto; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9440515754252720
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a gradual and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cortical atrophy predominantly in the medial temporal lobe and, microscopically, by extensive neuronal losses and deposits called neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Since the results of the Rotterdam study in 1992, it has been known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of dementia. Patients with T2DM present structural brain changes and cognitive impairment, with a high risk of developing AD. These data suggest that insulin may play a fundamental role in brain activity and memory formation. Based on these findings, AD has been called “type 3 diabetes” (T3DM) or “cerebral diabetes” by some researchers. Some research groups have shown that ADAM10, the α-secretase that inhibits the formation of senile plaques and, therefore, is protective against AD, is altered in the blood of older adults with this dementia compared to cognitively healthy older adults. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify whether there are differences in the levels and activity of ADAM10 in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y), differentiated and undifferentiated, cultured in regular and hyperglycemic cellular media, in a condition that simulates T2DM, as well as concomitant changes in the levels of proteins involved in the insulin pathway, particularly the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). The results showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the differentiation of neuronal cells for a more extended period, even in an environment with a high glucose content. Furthermore, it was also possible to observe a reduction in ADAM10 and IDE levels in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated and cultured in a hyperglycemic environment. The results of this study highlight the importance of the ECM in maintaining neuronal differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, these results contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between T2DM and AD and provide valuable suggestions for future research in these areas. The impact of this study is related to a better understanding of the biology of these diseases, highlighting the need for more studies related to the implementation of new clinical approaches to the treatment of AD, also observing the metabolic status of patients.
Rentabilidade, eficiência e risco em cooperativas de crédito e bancos comerciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29) Rocha, Isabella de Moura; Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9615144436796386; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-9382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128310607718278; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-861X
In contrast to commercial banks, entities with concentrated ownership, whose predominant focus lies on maximizing profit; Credit cooperatives are socially oriented and collectively managed, with products and services similar to those of a commercial bank. Therefore, the study aims to understand how these entities differ and behave in relation to the variables risk, profitability and efficiency. The study used the Vector Autoregressive Panel Data (PVAR) model, with data from Brazilian credit unions and commercial banks between 2011 and 2021, originating from the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB). The results reveal significant disparities: commercial banks, despite presenting lower profitability and risk than credit unions, demonstrated greater efficiency. The results of the Generalized Impulse Response Functions (GIRF), obtained after estimating the PVAR model, indicated that, for credit cooperatives, a shock to profitability triggers a negative reaction in their own profitability, as well as in commercial banks. A risk shock is associated with increased profitability, suggesting the adaptability of credit unions to higher risks, in contrast to commercial banks. The observed changes in efficiency minimally affected the profitability of credit unions and commercial banks. The influence of the sample on the GIRF results was relevant, as excessively heterogeneous samples of credit unions demonstrated unreliable results in relation to more homogeneous samples. This study contributes to the understanding of the idiosyncrasies of Brazilian credit unions and commercial banks, in addition to providing algorithms for processing data from the BCB.