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Consumo de Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) entre famílias em vulnerabilidade social e insegurança alimentar no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-01) Feitoza, Marilua de Carvalho; Coffani-Nunes, João Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9171810338546558; Nascimento, Ana Paula Branco do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1522795968175184; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6389136017568830
Social vulnerability and food insecurity (FI) have increased in Brazil in recent years, especially during the health crisis caused by Covid-19. Currently, in the country, there are 125.2 million people in FI and more than 33 million in a situation of hunger. Unconventional food plants (UFP) are a food alternative to diversify family diets and mitigate food insecurity. The present research aimed to verify whether social vulnerability and food insecurity influence the consumption of UFP and whether these food plants are more used among families with high social vulnerability. The study took place in the urban area of the municipality of Registro, Vale do Ribeira, SP. Using the Snowball methodology, 74 interviews were carried out in households distributed in low and high vulnerability groups. To verify the location of vulnerability groups in urban areas, the Census (IBGE) and São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index (IPVS) databases were used. In all the houses visited, in addition to the interviews, an inventory of the backyards was carried out to verify the occurrence of UFP consumed and not consumed as food by families. It was found that 100% of families that presented moderate FI and severe FI had occurrence of UFP in their backyards, followed by families with mild FI, with 83.33%. Regarding the consumption of these plants as food, families in moderate FI are those that use UFP the most (90.90%), followed by families in severe FI (87.50%) and mild FI (55.55%). It was also found that families residing in the high social vulnerability group are the ones that consume the most UFP from their backyards (77.77%), compared to families in low vulnerability groups (65.79%). Based on these results, therefore, it is possible to affirm that social vulnerability and food insecurity are factors that influence the consumption of UFP in urban areas. It is hoped that this study can contribute to public and private initiatives to promote and popularize UFP, especially among families in social vulnerability and with greater exposure.
Panorama da autoavaliação institucional nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia: uma meta-avaliação de perspectiva emancipatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-01) Oliveira, Ivan dos Santos; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-1913; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7566418296504896; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-9926
The evaluation of Brazilian higher education takes place in a context in which neoliberal policies are hegemonic, conferring a character of regulation and control to the evaluation processes. Nevertheless, the formulation and implementation of the National Higher Education Assessment System (SINAES) constituted an attempt to give an emancipatory character to the assessment of subjects and Higher Education Institutions (IES), through Institutional Assessment, more precisely, through internal evaluation. In this sense, the present research had as general objective: to understand and characterize the processes of institutional self-evaluation in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, considering the emancipatory aspects of the evaluation, in order to identify the levels of attendance of the observable emancipatory aspects in these processes. As for its nature, the research was characterized as qualitative and as for the type, it fits as an exploratory-descriptive study. The materials analyzed were the final institutional self-assessment reports of the 2018-2020 evaluation cycle of 13 Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. In Paulo Freire (1986, 1987, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2014) we base our vision of the world and of education that is opposed to neoliberal rationality; in Saul (2010) we base the concept of Emancipatory Evaluation and in Dias Sobrinho (2003) and other authors, we systematize the fundamentals of Institutional Evaluation from a democratic-subjectivist perspective, from which we list the categories that characterize an emancipatory institutional self-evaluation practice and that served basis for the construction of an analytical and metaevaluation instrument of emancipatory aspects, together with the theoretical-practical framework of summative meta-evaluation, in the perspective of Stufflebeam (2001) and Scriven (2009). In this way, 14 parameters of emancipatory aspects were elaborated, which are interrelated, being 11 of merit (Dialogicity, Participation, Plurality, Negotiation, Globality, Formativity, Comparability, Legitimacy, Identity and Mission, Commitment, Publicity) and 3 of value (Self-knowledge, Critical-Transforming Potential, Applicability or Relevance). As a result, we found that the processes of institutional self-assessment in Federal Institutes are complex, in the sense that these assessments express and recognize either a formative perspective of assessment for the emancipation of subjects and institutions, or an assessment perspective aligned with neoliberal rationality, however, with predominance of the latter perspective. The analysis of the merit and value parameters established by this research revealed that the meta-assessed self-assessment experiences mostly failed to meet the ethical, political and democratic aspects of the assessment, but did meet other aspects, even if partially. Thus, it was possible to verify that the meta-assessed self-assessment experiences showed, in general, a predominance of partial compliance with the emancipatory aspects of the assessment, which confirmed our initial hypothesis that the processes of institutional self-assessment in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology are not emancipatory.
Estimativa de produção de cana de açúcar em pequenas plantações através do uso de sensoriamento remoto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-01) Belvedere, Miguel Bau; Barcellos, Robson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-4825; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6767551360418863; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2040-1204
Brazil leads global sugarcane production, but in recent decades, the expansion of plantations appears to have reached a limit. The challenge now is to increase productivity per hectare, which requires the adoption of new technologies. Remote sensing has emerged as a crucial tool in this context, due to its ability to capture distinct reflectance patterns in sugarcane fields. In this study, the analysis focused on plots located in the municipality of Araraquara (SP), and we used Sentinel-2 satellite images acquired between 2019 and 2022. To assess the performance of the plantations it was used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which has a strong correlation with plant biomass. This approach allowed us to identify patterns and extract information about the crops. These analyses can have a significant impact on the agribusiness sector, providing quantitative data to assess the feasibility of optimizing sugarcane production. It is concluded that, while initial on-site data collection is crucial, remote monitoring of sugarcane fields is a viable reality. Furthermore, the method presented is objective and easy to interpret, representing a potential tool for more efficient management of sugarcane plantations.