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O Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica e o Modello Vivaio: histórias orais de construções inventivas para a prática de terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-06) Mello, Ana Carolina Carreira de; Marcolino, Taís Quevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3452431276914287; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-3410
Occupational therapy, regarded as a paradigmatic profession, originated amidst progressive movements in the early twentieth century in the United States, ushering in its own paradigm focused on healthcare through occupations. However, its expansion globally and in Brazil occurred under another paradigmatic logic, that of rehabilitation. In this scenario, compounded by tensions stemming from the dominance of the biomedical field in healthcare, Brazilian occupational therapists were driven to seek new ways of conceptualising their practice. Among these professionals, Jô Benetton stands out. In the 1970s, she initiated a research project culminating in the development of the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method (MTOD). In Italy, also between the 1970s and 1980s, a group of professionals began practising occupational therapy under the framework of Psychoanalysis, opposing the prevalent protocol-driven and behavioural approaches of the time, and initiating the construction of the Modello Vivaio. Both theoretical-methodological proposals align with the initial paradigm of the profession, and while they are publicly known, their construction processes are relatively unknown, potentially offering insights for contemporary knowledge and professional development. Thus, the research question posed is: "What can be gleaned from the investigative processes developed by Jô Benetton, in collaboration with Sonia Ferrari, Julie Cunningham Piergrossi, and Carolina de Sena Gibertoni, which led to the development of MTOD and Modello Vivaio?" This study aimed to comprehend the construction of two theoretical-methodological proposals in occupational therapy that challenge hegemonic knowledge, with the objective of historically situating the authors' contributions to the profession from an epistemological perspective. Drawing on the ideas of John Dewey's Pragmatism, the study sought to reflect on modes of knowledge aimed at solving issues related to occupation. This framework presents itself as a theoretical-philosophical structure aimed at integrated problem resolution, considering the situation as a whole. Its complexity is incorporated by not distancing itself from primary experience, facts, or objects of everyday experiences, indicating the existence of other possibilities for constructing knowledge useful for practice. Supported by the life history oral methodology, rounds of interviews were conducted with the authors and collaborators, resulting in the construction of 42 narratives. These results were discussed considering knowledge construction processes that resist automatism and the invasion of bureaucracy and productivity in the space of thinking and investigating. This approach avoids separating the spheres of knowledge production and care production, based on the composition of theoretical outputs tied to practice, emerging from our field's coherence in unique ways of perceiving the world, valuing freedom in constructing a science that dances in contrast to more rigid and standardised approaches. Our discussion also asserts that occupational therapy produces joy and pleasure in constructing spaces that support health even in the face of confronting diseases and other difficulties. We outline the contours and limits of oral history research and emphasise the relevance of investigations involving MTOD and Modello Vivaio, as well as research that positions practice as an object of study. We hope that the insights about the possibilities of constructing knowledge in occupational therapy contribute to the epistemic debate in our field, restoring relationships between practice and theory. Furthermore, we also hope that this work can honour, albeit partially, the life efforts invested in these constructions, with the elegance they deserve.
Liquid-solid fluidized bed dynamics: experimental and computational analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-06) Ferreira, Victor Oliveira; Blais, Bruno; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-6542; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-6075; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8310610122680273; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-5003
The liquid-solid fluidization is a simple process intensification strategy. The method remains underexplored, in part, due to the lack of predictability. It is not trivial to assess its internal dynamics without a robust experimental setup and the predictions of its fluid dynamics behavior rely on simple correlations that do not reflect internal variances either in time or space. On the other hand, with the advance of processing power, physics-based mathematical models can now be resolved using robust numerical methods implemented on computers. The unresolved CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Elements Method) coupling is especially powerful for providing a precise description of particles' individual behavior (including interactions with other solids and the fluid) while preserving a reasonable computational cost. In this thesis, experimental methods and the unresolved CFD-DEM coupling were applied to assess the liquid-solid fluidized bed dynamics. Experimental measurements of the expansion behavior of beds were obtained for a wide variety of particles. The experimental results were used to verify the precision of the Richardson-Zaki equation and a proposed alternative method based on drag correlations. The latter has shown superior accuracy for most of the tested cases. The liquid-solid fluidized bed simulations were carried out in Lethe, an open-source CFD, DEM, CFD-DEM, and multiphysics software. Lethe simulations of the pilot-scale liquid-solid fluidized beds were validated for a wide variety of regimes. Discussions on the choice of drag correlation, the robustness of the method with different mesh topologies, and the importance of the Saffman lift force for the accurate simulation of the flow structures are provided. The validated simulations were used to assess the particles' mixing by applying the nearest-neighbors method (NNM) and the mixing index introduced by Doucet. The slowest mixing component for most of the simulations was the axial. The mixing time as a function of the inlet flow rate demonstrates a plateauing behavior for looser beds (fluid fractions above 50%). Variations in the interaction properties of particles do not seem to play an important role in the quantitative mixing. Yet, for a bed of particles with very low Stokes numbers or at very high concentrated beds, increasing the sliding friction coefficient presented a negative impact on the mixing performance.