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Percepção de estresse, Síndrome de Burnout e estratégias de enfrentamento em cuidadores de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-08)
Silva, Adrielli Fernanda de Oliveira e
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Pantoni, Camila Bianca Falasco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0244296301167548
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-3672
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
Introduction: Despite their technical skills and knowledge in the field, healthcare professionals working in direct care for institutionalized elderly individuals are more prone to stress and burnout syndrome. These conditions can be modulated through various coping strategies. Objective: To analyze the perception of personal stress and burnout syndrome among formal caregivers of institutionalized elderly individuals and their relationship with coping strategies. Method: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. The research was conducted in three philanthropic long-term care facilities in the city of Ribeirão Preto, located in the state of São Paulo, with 54 professionals involved in the direct care of institutionalized elderly individuals (caregivers, aides, and nursing technicians). Data collection was carried out online from September to October 2022. After agreeing to participate in the research by digitally signing the Informed Consent Form, participants received a link to complete questionnaires regarding sociodemographic, economic, clinical, and professional characteristics. Additionally, they were assessed for perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale - PSS-14), burnout syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory: Human Services Survey - MBI-HSS), and coping strategies (Occupational Coping Scale - OCS). Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics. Ethical considerations were observed throughout the data collection and analysis process. Results: The majority of formal caregivers were female (85.2%), with a median age of 43 [36.25, 51.75] years, working as nursing assistants (74.1%), married (46.3%), having completed high school (50%), working 40 hours per week (64.8%), earning 1 to 3 minimum wages per month (61.1%), and having worked as caregivers in the institution for more than 10 years (29.6%). Regarding health data and the applied scales, the majority reported engaging in physical activity (59.35), having low back pain (25.9%), and experiencing insomnia (18.5%). The median score on the EEP-14 scale was 22 [17, 27], with an absence of perceived stress. The total MBI score was 60 [54, 64], with a moderate level of emotional exhaustion (median of 24), a depersonalization score of 11 points (moderate), and a personal accomplishment score of 23.5 (high level). As for the assessment of coping strategies (ECO), a total score of 91.8 [70.25, 114.75] was obtained, with the control strategy being the most frequently used, at 43 [38.25, 48]. When associating the scores of the three scales, a trend was found in which higher ECO scores were associated with lower EEP, independently of MBI. Conclusions: The data reveal that the group assessed in this study demonstrates a low perception of stress and a moderate to high level of burnout, highlighting the need for actions that promote awareness and sensitivity regarding stress and burnout, as well as their symptoms and impacts on both personal and professional life. Thus, fostering the development of effective coping mechanisms and problem-solving skills to manage stressful events, reduce negative emotions, and mitigate psychosocial work-related demands.
Economia de polêmicas: uma análise da emergência das mobilizações antigênero no Brasil e no Paraguai
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-08)
Ferreira, Camila Camargo
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Sanchez, Fábio José Bechara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6423443695464907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4693923918467388
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-6144
During the 2010s, transnational mobilizations of conservative groups emerged in opposition to the demands of feminist and LGBTQIA+ movements (including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other gender and sexual identities), with their actions anchored in the politicization of the concept of "gender ideology." This thesis examines the formation and consolidation of activism against so-called gender ideology in Brazil and Paraguay throughout this decade. Its objective is to comparatively analyze the transnational characteristics and dynamics of anti-gender activism, focusing on the identification of actors, forms of action, discursive frameworks, and the worldviews constructed. This research aims to contribute to the expanding field of comparative studies on anti-gender mobilizations. To analyze this phenomenon, it employs theories of collective action, gender and sexuality studies, alongside scholarly work on the anti-gender phenomenon. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study adopts document analysis and digital media research as investigative techniques. Findings indicate that, in both Brazil and Paraguay, anti-gender mobilizations were organized through coordinated actions among national and transnational pro-life and pro-family actors and entities. Data analysis further reveals that anti-gender activism emerges from a complex network of mobilization that interconnects conservative actors across national and transnational spheres.
Desenvolvimento de dispositivos eletroquímicos descartáveis e reutilizáveis para detecção de biomarcadores de interesse clínico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-08)
Blasques, Rodrigo Vieira
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Janegitz, Bruno Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206730551661715
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-3145
In recent years, the search for new electrochemical devices that allow reliable, fast, easily accessible, highly sensitive, miniaturized and portable analyses has been required. Furthermore, they enable point-of-care analysis, which allows decentralized clinical monitoring, which decreases the cost and provides an improvement in the quality of health life of the human being. In this context, the first chapter details the development of a low-cost, easy-to-produce disposable electrochemical sensor composed of a conductive ink modified with Prussian blue for the enzymatic and non-enzymatic detection of the biomarker’s uric acid, hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The sensor developed was applied as a wearable sensor in a 3D-printed device for real-time monitoring of synthetic biological fluid. The estimated cost per sensor and biosensor unit was R$4.71 and for the biosensor it was R$6.89, which makes these platforms attractive compared to traditional laboratory tests. The second chapter deals with the development of an electrochemical sensor and immunosensor for the detection of L-Cysteine (L-Cys) and the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The applicability of the immunosensor for detecting the Spike protein was proven in synthetic saliva samples, thus demonstrating its efficiency in relation to the gold standard RT-PCR technique. Low LODs were demonstrated for L-Cys (0.7 μmol L−1) and Spike protein (0.7 and 1.0 pmol L−1). The third chapter describes the use of fallen tree leaves from the Persea americana Mill species as a substrate for the manufacture of electrochemical sensors using CO2 lasers. The application of the sensor for the detection of dopamine (DA) showed interesting analytical characteristics such as good repeatability and reproducibility, with values of 1.46% and 6.47%, respectively. The use of this type of substrate presents an innovative and high-potential approach as a sustainable and ecological alternative to traditional sensor substrates. Finally, the fourth chapter describes how to obtain easy-to-produce, reusable and low-cost platforms for the development of analytical devices with characteristics suitable for multiplexed analysis. The detection of L-Dopa and DA showed low LOD values of 0.11 and 0.26 µmol L−1, respectively. In this way, it is hoped that the new devices presented here will help make diagnoses more accessible and more cost-effective for the population.
Caracterização fenotípica, genômica e transcriptômica de parasitos Crithidia sp. LVH60a obtidos de pacientes diagnosticados com Leishmaniose Visceral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-09)
Rogerio, Luana Aparecida
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Maruyama, Sandra Regina Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5719754923228879
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652725921997633
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected diseases that can be caused by over 20 species of protozoa from genus Leishmania. Since 1980, monoxenous trypanosomatids have been found in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis cases in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In Brazil, parasites of Crithidia genus were first reported in 2019 in a fatal case of human visceral leishmaniasis in Sergipe (SE), referred to as Crithidia sp. LVH60A. To characterize clinical isolates of Crithidia sp. LVH60A parasites obtained from a relapsing patient from the same region, this study aimed to characterize phenotypically and perform genomic and transcriptomic analyzes of these clinical isolates. In this regard, parasite cultures were analyzed for growth curves, morphological features, in vitro infectivity and in silico identification of virulence-related proteins in Crithidia sp. LVH60A genome. Genomic DNA was sequenced, assembled, and compared to other trypanosomatid species. Additionally, we assessed the difference in gene expression of parasites and human macrophages infected with different species of Leishmania and Crithidia using messenger RNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), employing a dual RNA-seq approach. Phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the Crithidia sp. LVH60A parasites were capable of replicate at temperatures of 25 °C and 35 °C, surviving and multiplying within different macrophage lineages. Morphological analyses revealed that the cellular body of Crithidia sp. LVH60A is rounded, possesses shorter flagella than L. infantum, and presents some differences when compared to the Crithidia fasciculata TCC039E strain. Genomic analyses showed that the clinical isolates from 2017 had over 98% nucleotide identity with the LVH60a C1 strain (Crithidia sp. LVH60A). Genome alignments of Crithidia sp. LVH60A and C. fasciculata strains showed an average nucleotide identity ranging from 92.7% to 94.8%, depending on the software used. Chromosomal rearrangements of Crithidia sp. LVH60A was also observed and validated when compared to C. fasciculata CfCl reference genome. The mRNA-seq results showed that infection with different parasite strains did not significantly alter the transcriptional expression of macrophages; however, slight changes were observed shortly after the infection. However, there was a clear difference in the expression of the trypanosomatid transcripts. Some differentially expressed transcripts are shared by strains of Leishmania spp. and Crithidia sp. LVH60A. These transcripts encode proteins that mediate responses to stress, nutrition, and host immune response evasion. Our results suggest that the Crithidia sp. LVH60A may be a new species within the Crithidia genus; however, more isolates of Crithidia sp. LVH60A need to be analyzed with a focus on population genomics to confirm this evidence.
"A gente tinha que se virar sozinha": processos educativos emergentes da andarilhagem de mulheres atletas de futsal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-09)
Bianconi, Ana Cláudia
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Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2627342414497317
This research aims to identify, understand and describe the educational processes that emerge from the social practice of wandering among female futsal athletes. To participate in this study, five women futsal athletes who were part of the main team of the club Associação Sãocarlense de Futsal – ASF were selected from records in field diaries of a conversation circle. This is a qualitative research based on dialogicity and centered on subjects, which was developed from interviews with the participants, which were recorded and transcribed in field diaries. For data analysis, we chose to carry out an episodic analysis, in which excerpts from the interviews were selected, presented and discussed, in order to promote reflection around the episodes, associating them, when possible, with Freirean concepts. The results found point to the denunciation of processes of dehumanization and situations of oppression experienced by female futsal athletes when walking as they establish themselves professionally as athletes, and reveal educational processes of coping, mutual care, support, identity, which function as a foundation and contribute to the process of developing critical consciousness that leads to liberating praxis, based on the permanent and constant state of being subjects that they are being.
O Suporte Básico de Vida durante a Prática Deliberada em Ciclos Rápidos sob a ótica de estudantes universitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-10)
Nalin, Gabriela Wicher
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Girão, Fernanda Berchelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999840170649511
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-0519
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242322462132681
To analyze the perceptions of university students in Basic Life Support during Deliberate Practice in Rapid Cycles (PDCR). Method: descriptive-exploratory study, using a qualitative approach. The study scenario was developed at the Health Simulation Unit (USS) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), located in the city of São Carlos. The population of this study was made up of 29 students regularly enrolled in undergraduate courses at UFSCar during the period established for data collection, with a higher prevalence of female participants (75.86%), aged between 21 and 22 years ( 34.47%). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which combine open and closed questions, carried out by two previously trained collaborating researchers who did not participate in the PDCR phase. The interviews were transcribed in full and stored in Google Docs, in which the analysis was carried out with the help of highlights and selection, instruments present in this tool. The data obtained from the interviews were explored using the Thematic Content Analysis technique, proposed by Bardin (2011). To compose the data analysis, these were carried out in three phases: pre-analysis; material analysis; and the treatment of results, inference and interpretation. Results: after analysis, three empirical categories emerged: “Feelings and emotions related to the beginning of PDCR”, “Feedback, opportunities for repetition and facilitators” and “Cognitive learning and practical experience”. The students expressed good feelings during the practice, highlighting the transformation process in a positive way, security in working in a small group, achievement of learning by observing other students, relationship of targeted repetitions with their knowledge and feelings, presence of facilitators and the interruption practice for feedback for confidence, security and the importance of articulating theory with practical experience. Conclusion: there was an increase in the participants' self-confidence and confidence in decision-making, increased satisfaction and improved performance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in addition to the acquisition of new skills and a positive perception about the presence of the facilitators. Objective and targeted feedback maximized time spent practicing resuscitation skills, contributing to mastery of a given skill.
As questões de gênero, raça e classe em livros didáticos de Matemática: uma análise a partir da educação Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade – CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-10)
Sousa, André Cristovão
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Lopes, Nataly Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-8398
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5877683641484713
Among the contemporary guidelines that we open the paths for the deconstruction of patriarchy and monoculture, we do not teach, but as an anti-racist culture, we fear the necessary anti-colonial struggle of educational practices, defacing stereotypes that maintain the domination of class, race and gender, which amplifies inequalities and social injustices. For the natural sciences, there is still a challenge to decharacterize their static, unquestionable, and neutral aspect, since the sciences, specifically Mathematics, walk alongside the technological reality and its consequences for social and economic development. In this sense, the objective of the research was to identify the contributions of two textbooks - LD of Mathematics approved by PNLD, considering Education Science, Technology and Society - ECTS for the visibilities of gender, class and class quests. It is a qualitative, exploratory, and documentary study. The data are constituted from two textbooks of Mathematics "Praticando Matemática" and "Araribá: Mais Matemática". The results will show that, despite the advances in the discussions about the deconstruction of stereotypes and the insertion of concrete situations in reality for the STS education and integral formation of the subject, the textbooks still reproduce the European monoculture, making invisible the scientific and social contribution of blacks, women and indigenous people, or that encourages the reproduction of prejudices and discrimination. There are few mentions of specific situations that can lead to CTS education, being either a teacher or the main moving agent that can act so that education is based on the emancipation and freedom of the subject. It is considered that the discussions on the construction of gender and sexuality must advance so that there is a break with the binary that imposes the legitimacy of the dominance of one class over another, of one race over another or of one gender over another. Education must transgress the strategies of domination to train people against all forms of discrimination and prejudice, in order to advance towards the emancipation of two subjects. It is concluded that in the textbook collections analyzed, it can be said that there is a timid movement to include subjects who were made invisible and excluded, however, it is also clear that situations that reinforce stereotypes and discrimination are still present on the pages of textbooks.
Os silenciamentos aos sentimentos das crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-10)
Cavalcante, Giovana Albiero Dellosso
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Camargo, Andreia Regina de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0936098182171676
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-2814
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
The main objective of this study is to understand how, in early childhood education, we can educate and care from the perspective of inseparability from existence, taking into account the feelings of young children. The research uses a qualitative methodology based on the state of knowledge, and presents its results based on the field of childhood studies. During its development it is possible to find some theoretical contributions on the feeling of childhood, children's rights and childcare in early childhood education. Despite the scarcity of studies found on this subject, it was possible to draw up clues as to how children's feelings can be valued and not silenced, especially in the early childhood education environment; such as by opening up to listening and welcoming; guaranteeing children's rights; and the inseparability of educating and caring
Teoria de controle ótimo aplicada a sistemas quânticos abertos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-10)
Fernandes, Marllos Eustáquio Fonseca
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Castelano, Leonardo Kleber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397190485811267
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4746-3657
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8873149632621307
This thesis, grounded in the field of quantum computing, explores diverse and crucial topics for the advancement of this area. Firstly, we introduce an innovative "double-bang" solution using optimal control theory for state preparation in the context of quantum teleportation. Combined with the adiabatic door teleportation protocol, this approach provides an experimentally viable way for the implementation of universal quantum computing. Subsequently, we shift our focus to adiabatic quantum computing, revealing the robustness of the adiabatic entanglement protocol to noise and proposing enhancements to the teleportation protocol through the inclusion of local control fields. Collectively, these studies contribute to the progress of quantum computing, offering practical insights for future implementations in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Finally, we apply the Krotov method to find optimized controls in open quantum systems, highlighting the effectiveness of non-unitary optimization in state preparation, although unitary optimization often proves equivalent in the implementation of quantum gates.
Estudo da detecção de cédulas falsas da segunda família do Real Brasileiro através de técnicas de processamento de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Betti, Rafael Roiz Moyses
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Barcellos, Robson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-4825
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8819521688824482
With the advent and creation of a oficial currency for the national territory, attempts do defraud Brazilian paper money and forge new ways to counterfeit it also emerged, which only grow and evolve over the years. In this way, considering the utmost importance of money for the functioning of the economy and society as a whole, it i salso necessary to validadte it properly and combat attempts at counterfeiting, both by human operators and automatically. This paper proposes a system capable of automatically separating and classifying Brazilian Real bills from the Second Family into a group of counterfeit bills and another group of genuine bills. For this, five security features of Brazilian paper money are selected, namely the “Watermark”, “Color-Changing Number”, “Holographic Strip”, “Hidden Number”, and “Fluorescent Elements”, studied individually using different image acquisition and processing techniques, image mathematical analysis, and the determination of a classification criterion. The methodology chosen for this study uses MATLAB and takes into account methods used in other works published from the perspective of Indian currency. This experiment presented na accuracy of 100% for four of the five security features tested, and 75% for the last, which led to the discussion of future suggestions for development and improvement for the Project, also exposed in this paper.
A cartografia escolar na produção acadêmica em geografia e educação: uma análise das pesquisas brasileiras realizadas entre 1995 e 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Castanha, Rafael da Silva
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Tozi, Fabio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1239744709191702
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-8353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633454591433310
In this dissertation, we conducted a research categorized as state of the art, which included the survey and classification of works on School Cartography produced by postgraduate programs (stricto sensu) in Geography and Education in Brazil, between 1995 and 2020. This is an investigation developed through the quantitative methodology of a descriptive nature, supported by the use of descriptors and filters available in the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations. Through this, we seek to present a historical overview of the set of production in School Cartography, according to the respective thematic axes disseminated in the Brazilian context, since the consolidation of this area of research as an academic field, with the first colloquia on cartography for children and schoolchildren held by several universities in the country. The theoretical basis was based on the contributions of the main authors and reference authors in the areas of Education, School Geography and School Cartography. Among the main conclusions of this study, we highlight that School Cartography has gained greater notoriety in the academic field, as productions become more dynamic and aim to understand the processes of reading and representing space in the school environment, from different perspectives and theoretical methodological analyses. However, it was also possible to verify that research in School Cartography, both in the area of Geography and Education, is still intensely concentrated mainly in universities in the Southeast, South and Central-West of the country, while in the other regions, productions are scarce or even non-existent.
Optimizing resetting of superconducting qubits
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Diniz, Ciro Micheletti
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De Assis, Rogério Jorge
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Almeida, Norton Gomes de
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3102671365275808
Movimentos de renovação política e juventude: sentimentos partidários e democracia em cheque
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Campos, Daniele Olimpio de
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-1512
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0922683205785588
Aren't young people responsible for the future of our country? Inspired by this question, the research carried out here aims to analyze how young people belonging to Political Renewal Movements understand and participate in Brazilian democratic processes, and above all, how they perceive the crisis of political representation and partisan sentiments. To this end, a case study was carried out focusing on the analysis of two Renovation Movements, Bancada Ativista, and RenovaBR, chosen because they concentrate young participants from multiple ideological and partisan aspects. This study is divided into three phases, including the cataloging of all participants and former participants of the respective movements and the carrying out of semi-structured interviews with young people from the chosen organizations. Furthermore, from the literature research, conceptual elements were added to understand the entire context of the creation and development of Political Renewal Movements in Brazil and their relationships with Brazilian youth.
Formação de Ilhas de Calor Urbano em áreas industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Arruda, Angela Maria de
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5320646745445483
The impact of urbanization and industrialization on the natural environment has aroused the interest of many researchers since the end of the 19th century, when the increase in urban air temperature compared to the rural environment. This phenomenon called Urban Heat Island (UHI) impacts the thermal comfort of individuals, health problems, in air pollution and greater energy demand. The main objective of this thesis was recording the thermal behavior, occurrence and configuration of UHIs caused by the implementation of industrial zones in the urban microclimate. From the analysis systematically, it can be identified that soil use and temperature (LST) are largely explored in work on and remote sensing appears as a method most widespread, followed by computer modeling and simulation. When comparing two industrial districts of different cities, Sintra/PT and Uberlândia/BR, using the software ENVI-met and principal component analysis, it was found that the impact of ventilation in the cooling of industrial districts overlaps with factors such as the percentage of vegetation of the studied site and the albedo, capable of increasing 1.5oC in the industrial environment of Sintra when there is a reduction in wind speed of 1.9 m/s. It was verified need to expand the study, beyond the interrelationship between Tar and LST, considering other microclimatic variables such as wind speed (WS) and direction (WD), sky seeing factor (SVF), rate of kinetic energy (TKE), relative humidity (RH) and air specific (Uesp). Tar and RH were collected in situ in a residential section (R) and another industrial (DI), in the city of Uberlândia/MG, for 15 days for validation of the computational model. Tar throughout the 24 simulated hours remained higher in DI if compared to the residential section, reaching up to 1.3o C higher in the early morning. A higher vegetation rate present in the DI was not able to overcome the effect of the high rate of waterproofing by asphalt and the roofs of the large warehouses, made up of tiles uncoated metals, which tend to retain heat and have thermal emissivity low. Data from the A 507 meteorological station located at the airport of Uberlândia to estimate UHI intensity, with UHI intensity in DI being 70% higher than the residential segment. The conclusions obtained point to the difficulty of implementation of traditional mitigating measures in industrial districts, whether for limitation of physical space or feasibility of necessary interventions. Actions like replacement of construction materials already implemented by materials with properties adequate thermal temperatures, present themselves as viable alternatives to mitigate the effects of UHIs, mainly regarding the increase in nighttime Tar in industrial districts studied. Urban planning focused on the orientation of streets and avenues to optimize the circulation of winds, and allow penetration into the urban fabric, as well as the increase of the albedo of roofs and floors, can also be interesting alternatives for the mitigation of UHIs in industrial areas. The application of acrylic paints in roofs and surfaces of buildings, or the replacement of parking lot floors and maneuvering yards with permeable floors and open spaces are also alternatives that should guide construction guidelines for industrial districts, especially in cities with tropical climate. The integration between urban planning, on the part of the administration public sector, and companies present in DIs, can transform in the long term, the process of occupation of urban industrial zones focused only on optimizing production industrial. Initiatives that involve public authorities, the population affected by the conditions deteriorated thermal comfort and the interests of industries must converge towards establish processes that effectively integrate such spaces into the urban environment of the point from a climatological point of view. Transformations in urban district planning concepts Industrial industries must contribute to thermal relief and mitigate the effects of UHI in cities.
Estudo de azaçúcares como inibidores de Glge, uma maltosiltransferase de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por meio de docking molecular e da avaliação de interações moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-13)
Pedroso, Sofia Dallasta
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Schpector, Júlio Zukerman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2191-4074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8054606648208210
Tuberculosis is still a worrying disease around the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Current treatment for tuberculosis involves a combination of antibiotics, however, it is often ineffective due to drug resistance and the difficulty of completely eliminating the disease-causing bacteria, namely Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this context, the use of molecular docking is a promising tool in the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. Molecular docking consists of the computational analysis of the fitting of a drug candidate molecule with bacterial proteins, thus allowing the identification of promising compounds and optimizing their effectiveness. Its use aims to accelerate the development of new drugs, improving the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment. In this context, azasugars have been studied as possible drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, due to their ability to inhibit the enzyme maltosyltransferase (GlgE), essential for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, azasugars have low toxicity and high selectivity, increasing their therapeutic efficacy. In this sense, in the present work we describe the study of three series of azasugars with the aim of evaluating their potential as anti-tuberculosis drugs targeting GlgE. The results point to a compound, called A532 in this study, as a substance of pharmacological interest for this purpose, due to its favorable interaction with the active site of the enzyme, explained by the existence of a network of π interactions and hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the results presented provide further information about the structure of possible GlgE-inhibiting azasugars and their relationship with the residues that make up its active site.
Análises sinérgicas microbianas de linhagens selecionadas para a biodegradação do herbicida Amicarbazone e testes com cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14)
Siqueira, Beatriz Zanata
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Montagnolli, Renato Nallin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0429008188993344
Agriculture plays a significant role in our country's economy, but it generates substantial environmental impacts due to the excessive use of pesticides. The pursuit of increased agricultural production often overlooks these impacts, harming soil microbiota and prompting the search for techniques to mitigate the damage. The research aimed to assess the use of microbial strains in the bioremediation of agricultural soil contaminated with the herbicide amicarbazone, commonly used in sugarcane cultivation (Saccharum officinarum). Additionally, it sought to examine the influence of these strains on the productivity of the studied species. Respirometry assays were conducted to verify the viability of soil microbiota in degrading the herbicide. Subsequently, the isolated strains underwent colorimetric tests using the redox indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), which measures catabolic activity in pollutant degradation. Inoculation tests of the strains in sugarcane cultivation soil were also performed, emphasizing the complex interactions among soil microorganisms, herbicides, and plant growth. This included testing the relationship between the studied pesticide and purple morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Based on the respirometric tests, it was observed that the soil microbiota had the potential to degrade the herbicide, as evidenced by the difference in CO2 production between the control (176.24 mg) and the Herbicide 200mg/L Group (209.38 mg). In the colorimetric assay, selected yeasts were capable of degrading the herbicide, with the consortium of three microorganisms yielding the best result. When inoculated in the soil, it was observed that the interaction between microorganisms A and B notably inhibited sugarcane buds, while the treatment containing microorganism C showed positive growth, suggesting its limited efficiency in degrading the herbicide, as observed in the colorimetric assay. Regarding the test with the grass, it was evident that joint inoculation resulted in a significant increase in the final length of seedlings compared to treatments that received only the herbicide. In conclusion, it was determined that microorganisms have the capacity to degrade the herbicide, with strains A and B demonstrating higher efficacy. However, it is believed that the by-products of this degradation may be detrimental to sugarcane development, negatively impacting growth. Thus, the results highlight the potential of bioremediation studies in agriculture, illustrating the capability of the microbiota present in the environment.
Empreendedorismo nas escolas de engenharia: um panorama geral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14)
Almeida, Matheus de Souza
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the importance, challenges, and current state of entrepreneurial education in undergraduate engineering programs in Brazil and worldwide. In this work, we have seen that entrepreneurial education is of paramount importance for the economic and sociocultural development of a country, but it comes with various challenges, ranging from the complexity and multidisciplinarity of the subject to the need for collaborative efforts from various sectors of society. In this context, engineers emerge as excellent candidates for entrepreneurship due to characteristics such as a high degree of technical knowledge, a strong desire for achievement, and problem-solving-oriented analytical thinking. Such professionals can benefit not only themselves but also society by acquiring entrepreneurial skills and vision. It is concluded that Brazil is making efforts to foster an entrepreneurial culture and, although in its early stages compared to developed countries, is heading in the right direction.
Além do aprendizado local e global: particionando o espaço de classes em problemas de classificação multirrótulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14)
Gatto, Elaine Cecília
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Ferrandin, Mauri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4132238007682356
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-1207
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Cerri, Ricardo
Inducing a model capable of predicting a set of labels for an instance is the objective of multi-label classification, a supervised predictive machine learning task. Work in the literature has shown that identifying, modeling and exploring correlations between labels improves the predictive performance of multi-label classifiers. However, the traditional approaches, referred to here as global and local, used to solve multi-label classification problems may not be taking advantage of these correlations, as in both these correlations are not fully considered. In the global approach, all labels are learned at once and more specific information or correlations can be ignored, while in the local approach labels are learned individually, making correlation learning impractical. There are also works in the literature that show that the currently available multi-label datasets have a very low level of label dependence, and therefore exploring correlations is impractical, while others claim that learning the labels individually is the most compatible solution, and even works that recommend global approach methods as they generate a single, more compact model. In this work, a hybrid approach is proposed, which explores the advantages and tries to mitigate the disadvantages of traditional global and local approaches, which is called Hybrid Partitions for Multi-label Classification - \ac{HPML}. This approach aims to find several label partitions, which are composed of disjoint groups of correlated labels, here called hybrid partitions. Four experiments were conducted to test and validate the hypothesis with different versions of hybrid partitions, which were compared with the partitions generated by the global, local approach and also different random versions. In general, the experiments showed that it is possible to find a hybrid partition capable of improving the predictive performance of classifiers on various data sets and that traditional methods still fail to learn the labels as well as correctly deal with the correlations between labels.
Geografia em harmonias: a música como ferramenta para o ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14)
Afonso, Raique Zambon
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-2255
This work aimed to analyze the potential use of music as a didactic and pedagogical tool for teaching Geography in high school. Additionally, the analysis of song lyrics related to teaching Geography topics helped identify how music can be used to convey concepts in a more accessible and engaging manner. The research methodology was based on the bibliographic review of various scientific articles and books related to the use of music in education and how it can help promote student engagement and motivation, as well as connect curriculum content with their daily experiences. Regarding the empirical research, the study conducted an online questionnaire with teachers who had experimented with using music in Geography classes. The results showed that using music in the teaching of Geography can have a positive impact on student engagement, motivation, and comprehension of the content. It was possible to demonstrate that the use of music can help create a more dynamic and interactive learning environment, as well as stimulate critical thinking and creativity among students. However, the study also identified some challenges that need to be addressed for the effective use of music in Geography education. One of the main challenges is the lack of material resources and training for teachers, which can hinder the implementation of innovative teaching practices. Another challenge is the need for a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to Geography education, which requires collaboration between different areas of knowledge and the integration of different teaching methodologies.
Manufatura aditiva de uma órtese suro podálica após o processo de otimização topológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14)
Floresta, Ronaldo Franklin
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8495793898166049
With the advancement of technology, the need for evolutions and adaptations in processes in general has required the manufacture of increasingly complex structures in an efficient way with reduced consumption and time. In this context, additive manufacturing has gained a lot of space in the market, as it meets the need for manufacturing complex geometries that would previously require a lot of effort or even be unfeasible for conventional manufacturing processes. That said, studies have been developed in the field of assistive medicine with the aim of improving and enabling the manufacture of orthoses through additive manufacturing. The AFO orthosis (Ankle-Foot Orthosis), our suropodal orthosis, is a medical device responsible for ensuring the stability of patients who suffer some type of injury or who have difficulty moving their ankle. As it is an external device, comfort becomes a fundamental factor for the patient who uses it. Therefore, topological optimization concepts have been applied to AFO orthoses aiming to reduce the mass of the device without losing its mechanical properties. With the application of topology optimization, AFO assumes increasingly complex geometries and, even for additive manufacturing processes, the time to manufacture this device can increase significantly. Therefore, the present work seeks to study the concepts and manufacturing parameters of additive manufacturing aiming to manufacture an AFO after going through the topological optimization process, with lower amounts of raw material used, in addition to reduced manufacturing time. For this, 5 3D printing parameters were selected, namely: layer height, extrusion width, printing speed, manufacturing orientation and filling density. With an AFO model defined from previous studies, these parameters were entered into the Ultimaker Cura slicing software, together with the properties of the defined 3D printer and the manufacturing raw material, in this case PLA. In total, 18 simulations were carried out, half for a first orientation and the other half for the second chosen printing orientation. The results were effective when related to the reduction of AFO mass and manufacturing time.