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Análises sinérgicas microbianas de linhagens selecionadas para a biodegradação do herbicida Amicarbazone e testes com cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Siqueira, Beatriz Zanata; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0429008188993344; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7219-0083
Agriculture plays a significant role in our country's economy, but it generates substantial environmental impacts due to the excessive use of pesticides. The pursuit of increased agricultural production often overlooks these impacts, harming soil microbiota and prompting the search for techniques to mitigate the damage. The research aimed to assess the use of microbial strains in the bioremediation of agricultural soil contaminated with the herbicide amicarbazone, commonly used in sugarcane cultivation (Saccharum officinarum). Additionally, it sought to examine the influence of these strains on the productivity of the studied species. Respirometry assays were conducted to verify the viability of soil microbiota in degrading the herbicide. Subsequently, the isolated strains underwent colorimetric tests using the redox indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), which measures catabolic activity in pollutant degradation. Inoculation tests of the strains in sugarcane cultivation soil were also performed, emphasizing the complex interactions among soil microorganisms, herbicides, and plant growth. This included testing the relationship between the studied pesticide and purple morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Based on the respirometric tests, it was observed that the soil microbiota had the potential to degrade the herbicide, as evidenced by the difference in CO2 production between the control (176.24 mg) and the Herbicide 200mg/L Group (209.38 mg). In the colorimetric assay, selected yeasts were capable of degrading the herbicide, with the consortium of three microorganisms yielding the best result. When inoculated in the soil, it was observed that the interaction between microorganisms A and B notably inhibited sugarcane buds, while the treatment containing microorganism C showed positive growth, suggesting its limited efficiency in degrading the herbicide, as observed in the colorimetric assay. Regarding the test with the grass, it was evident that joint inoculation resulted in a significant increase in the final length of seedlings compared to treatments that received only the herbicide. In conclusion, it was determined that microorganisms have the capacity to degrade the herbicide, with strains A and B demonstrating higher efficacy. However, it is believed that the by-products of this degradation may be detrimental to sugarcane development, negatively impacting growth. Thus, the results highlight the potential of bioremediation studies in agriculture, illustrating the capability of the microbiota present in the environment.
Geografia em harmonias: a música como ferramenta para o ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Afonso, Raique Zambon; Franca, Gilberto Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-2255
This work aimed to analyze the potential use of music as a didactic and pedagogical tool for teaching Geography in high school. Additionally, the analysis of song lyrics related to teaching Geography topics helped identify how music can be used to convey concepts in a more accessible and engaging manner. The research methodology was based on the bibliographic review of various scientific articles and books related to the use of music in education and how it can help promote student engagement and motivation, as well as connect curriculum content with their daily experiences. Regarding the empirical research, the study conducted an online questionnaire with teachers who had experimented with using music in Geography classes. The results showed that using music in the teaching of Geography can have a positive impact on student engagement, motivation, and comprehension of the content. It was possible to demonstrate that the use of music can help create a more dynamic and interactive learning environment, as well as stimulate critical thinking and creativity among students. However, the study also identified some challenges that need to be addressed for the effective use of music in Geography education. One of the main challenges is the lack of material resources and training for teachers, which can hinder the implementation of innovative teaching practices. Another challenge is the need for a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to Geography education, which requires collaboration between different areas of knowledge and the integration of different teaching methodologies.
Além do aprendizado local e global: particionando o espaço de classes em problemas de classificação multirrótulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Gatto, Elaine Cecília; Ferrandin, Mauri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4132238007682356; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-1207; Cerri, Ricardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-1695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559022477811603; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-6407
Inducing a model capable of predicting a set of labels for an instance is the objective of multi-label classification, a supervised predictive machine learning task. Work in the literature has shown that identifying, modeling and exploring correlations between labels improves the predictive performance of multi-label classifiers. However, the traditional approaches, referred to here as global and local, used to solve multi-label classification problems may not be taking advantage of these correlations, as in both these correlations are not fully considered. In the global approach, all labels are learned at once and more specific information or correlations can be ignored, while in the local approach labels are learned individually, making correlation learning impractical. There are also works in the literature that show that the currently available multi-label datasets have a very low level of label dependence, and therefore exploring correlations is impractical, while others claim that learning the labels individually is the most compatible solution, and even works that recommend global approach methods as they generate a single, more compact model. In this work, a hybrid approach is proposed, which explores the advantages and tries to mitigate the disadvantages of traditional global and local approaches, which is called Hybrid Partitions for Multi-label Classification - \ac{HPML}. This approach aims to find several label partitions, which are composed of disjoint groups of correlated labels, here called hybrid partitions. Four experiments were conducted to test and validate the hypothesis with different versions of hybrid partitions, which were compared with the partitions generated by the global, local approach and also different random versions. In general, the experiments showed that it is possible to find a hybrid partition capable of improving the predictive performance of classifiers on various data sets and that traditional methods still fail to learn the labels as well as correctly deal with the correlations between labels.
Manufatura aditiva de uma órtese suro podálica após o processo de otimização topológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Floresta, Ronaldo Franklin; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8495793898166049
With the advancement of technology, the need for evolutions and adaptations in processes in general has required the manufacture of increasingly complex structures in an efficient way with reduced consumption and time. In this context, additive manufacturing has gained a lot of space in the market, as it meets the need for manufacturing complex geometries that would previously require a lot of effort or even be unfeasible for conventional manufacturing processes. That said, studies have been developed in the field of assistive medicine with the aim of improving and enabling the manufacture of orthoses through additive manufacturing. The AFO orthosis (Ankle-Foot Orthosis), our suropodal orthosis, is a medical device responsible for ensuring the stability of patients who suffer some type of injury or who have difficulty moving their ankle. As it is an external device, comfort becomes a fundamental factor for the patient who uses it. Therefore, topological optimization concepts have been applied to AFO orthoses aiming to reduce the mass of the device without losing its mechanical properties. With the application of topology optimization, AFO assumes increasingly complex geometries and, even for additive manufacturing processes, the time to manufacture this device can increase significantly. Therefore, the present work seeks to study the concepts and manufacturing parameters of additive manufacturing aiming to manufacture an AFO after going through the topological optimization process, with lower amounts of raw material used, in addition to reduced manufacturing time. For this, 5 3D printing parameters were selected, namely: layer height, extrusion width, printing speed, manufacturing orientation and filling density. With an AFO model defined from previous studies, these parameters were entered into the Ultimaker Cura slicing software, together with the properties of the defined 3D printer and the manufacturing raw material, in this case PLA. In total, 18 simulations were carried out, half for a first orientation and the other half for the second chosen printing orientation. The results were effective when related to the reduction of AFO mass and manufacturing time.
Estratificação de risco cardiovascular para qualificação da atenção à saúde de pacientes hipertensos e/ou diabéticos em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Calistro, Monyelle de Oliveira; Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-8293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833399426716609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-5752
Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus are prevalent chronic diseases with a high relationship with cardiovascular disease, the first being the main cause of death in Brazil and the world, so there is no doubt that they are of great relevance for public health policies. health due to the considerable impact on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. The present work aimed to assist in the care planning of hypertensive and/or diabetic patients treated in a Basic Health Unit (UBS) through a line of care specifically aimed at these patients, which allowed to stratify cardiovascular risk, directing them within the health care network and making it possible to qualify the health care offered by a Family Health Strategy in the interior of Ceará. This is an epidemiological, individual, observational, cross-sectional study of the exploratory morbidity investigation type that evaluated and stratified the cardiovascular risk of hypertensive and/or diabetic patients, registered in the e-SUS system, belonging to the coverage area of the ESF of one of the UBS's located in the city of Crato. Data collection took place within the UBS during scheduled consultations with the unit's doctor, who promoted the flow of these patients to an appropriate room and collection took place together with the researcher. Initially, a form was applied to obtain lifestyle and sociodemographic data related to the interviewees' gender, race, marital status and education. To identify patients' cardiovascular risk, the risk stratification form for priority chronic conditions made available by the QualificaAPSUS Project was used, which brought together a set of clinical data obtained from the results of evaluations and examinations of these patients. Initially, the data were obtained and compiled in databases using Excel software, then the analysis was carried out through a thorough and detailed description of the variables used, with the aim of characterizing the study population. For numerical variables, such as Age and serum creatinine, centrality measures were used, such as mean and median, and dispersion measures, such as standard deviation, minimum and maximum, and quartiles. For categorical and ordinal categorical variables, absolute and relative frequency was used. Next, different statistical methods were used to investigate the associations between the study variables and cardiovascular risk. Thus, it was identified that of the 86 participants, aged between 38 and 82 years, 76.7% were women and 23.3% men, 74.4% were brown, 10.5% white, 9.3% black and 5.8% yellow; Regarding education, 33.7% had primary education from the 1st to the 4th grade and the majority, 58.1%, were married. When it came to health behaviors, the majority of individuals were not involved in physical activities (79.1%) and were not smokers (88.4%). Regarding alcohol consumption, 86% of participants reported not consuming it, while 14% admitted to drinking it. Hypertension was common in the sample (87.2%), in contrast to the presence of diabetes (40.7%). It was evident that this group presents a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease, the majority of which, 54 (62.79%) were classified as high risk, highlighting the strong relationship between the pathophysiological conditions caused by SAH and DM and the development of CVD ; analyzes of the relationships between variables and cardiovascular risk provided important insights, age, gender, diabetes, blood pressure classification, BMI, and electrocardiogram results emerged as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, several other variables did not demonstrate significant associations, emphasizing the complexity of determining cardiovascular risk and the multifactorial influence on this measure. Thus, despite the difficulties encountered in carrying out the stratification, in particular the absence of some test results and the non-attendance of patients at scheduled appointments, cardiovascular risk stratification was obtained for the 86 patients who participated in the research, of which the highest risk was classified as high risk, demonstrating a lack of quality in the care offered to patients, constituting an opportune device for ongoing health education. This study enabled a differentiated and equitable look at the groups formed, as patients were directed within the health network according to their risk classification, allowing for greater qualification of health care for these patients. In this way, the importance of applying the cardiovascular risk stratification tool of the QualificaAPSUS Project as well as investing in Primary Health Care becomes evident.
Empreendedorismo nas escolas de engenharia: um panorama geral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-14) Almeida, Matheus de Souza; Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the importance, challenges, and current state of entrepreneurial education in undergraduate engineering programs in Brazil and worldwide. In this work, we have seen that entrepreneurial education is of paramount importance for the economic and sociocultural development of a country, but it comes with various challenges, ranging from the complexity and multidisciplinarity of the subject to the need for collaborative efforts from various sectors of society. In this context, engineers emerge as excellent candidates for entrepreneurship due to characteristics such as a high degree of technical knowledge, a strong desire for achievement, and problem-solving-oriented analytical thinking. Such professionals can benefit not only themselves but also society by acquiring entrepreneurial skills and vision. It is concluded that Brazil is making efforts to foster an entrepreneurial culture and, although in its early stages compared to developed countries, is heading in the right direction.