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Adaptação transcultural do Computer Proficiency Questionnaire: assessing low and high computer proficient seniors para o contexto brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-21)
Cruz, Gabrieli Pereira da
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Raymundo, Taiuani Marquine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4269225089630583
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-463X
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Castro, Paula Costa
Despite the demographic transition emphasizing social participation in promoting healthy aging, digital inclusion for older adults remains a challenge. Promoting digital citizenship requires specific training and validated instruments. Currently, there is no Brazilian tool to assess older adults' proficiency in using information and communication technology. Objective: Cross-culturally translate and adapt a questionnaire for older adults' computer proficiency in Brazil. Materials and Methods: A methodological study followed the literature for cross-cultural adaptation of the original U.S. Computer Proficiency Questionnaire: Assessing Low and High Computer Proficient Seniors to the Brazilian context. The methodological study included the initial translation by three independent Brazilian translators proficient in English, translation synthesis developed by the researchers of this study, backtranslation carried out by two independent U.S. translators proficient in Brazilian Portuguese, and cross-cultural adaptation through semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence, conducted by five judges from the fields of Gerontology and Gerontechnology. Finally, the questionnaire underwent a pre-test with 20 older adults residing in Curitiba/PR and Bariri/SP. Participants were recruited from a database linked to an extension project for older adults and through social media outreach. All stages of questionnaire translation, adaptation, and pre-testing were documented, including suggestions made by translators, back-translators, judges, the target population, and the researchers of this study. Results: Translations (T1, T2, T3) were analyzed by the authors of this study, and a synthesis version was developed (T123). The backtranslation of the synthesis version was submitted for approval and consensus with the original authors. After approval, a committee of judges reviewed and compared all translations. The items obtained agreement ranging from 20% to 100%. Disagreements led to replacements, such as using a webcam and video conferencing rooms instead of using a trackball and chat rooms. After corrections and revisions, the questionnaire was applied in the pre-test. Of the 20 evaluated participants, 55% were female, married, with an average age of 70.85 years (5.71), income of 5 or more minimum wages, with an average of 11.9 years of education (3-19 years), and accessing the Internet more than once a day. Half demonstrated a reported ability and willingness to answer the questionnaire through an electronic form, while the others chose to fill out the questionnaire in printed format. Participants considered the research to be extremely relevant and generally easy to understand but pointed out some items as "not clear". All suggestions made regarding the questionnaire were deemed relevant, resulting in the pre-final version titled "Computer Proficiency Questionnaire: Assessment of Older Adults with Low and High Information and Communication Technology Proficiency for the Brazilian context". This version showed excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.98. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument is clear, easy to understand and high reliability, allowing future validation studies. This study represents the first step in the extensive application of this instrument in public and private initiatives aimed at digital inclusion of the seniors. However, it is crucial to highlight that the questionnaire will undergo a validation process and analysis of its psychometric properties, ensuring its quality and effectiveness in assessing technology proficiency among the elderly.
Conteúdo sobre o envelhecimento no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-21)
Ferreira, Lydiane da Silva Fernandes Vaz
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Varoto, Vania Aparecida Gurian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449531039410521
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-5638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4149557831158869
The Brazilian population is aging rapidly, with projections indicating that by 2060, 25.5% of the population will be made up of the elderly, totaling 58.2 million people. In view of this scenario, there are more and more studies covering various areas related to aging, such as health, safety, social and education. To ensure rights and effective public policies, older people have the support of Rights Councils, such as the Municipal Council for the Elderly (CMI) in São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo, which works with government and civil society representation in various spheres of their experience. At the III Municipal Conference on the Elderly, the introduction of concepts about aging in the formal curriculum of Elementary School was approved in order to prepare students for a long life. This project aimed to verify content and conceptions about aging in public elementary schools in São Carlos. It is a descriptive, exploratory study based on qualitative-quantitative research and is integrated with a research with the CMI. An online semi-structured questionnaire was applied, after adopting ethical principles in research. The analysis was based on thematic content. A positive view of education professionals was identified about the presence of content on aging within schools, with actions based on respect and comprehensive themes related to the elderly. However, there are gaps in the understanding of aging as a content and its possible development, even with indications of various tools that center the student in the teaching-learning process. The importance of building structured content for direct development with students is highlighted. Complementary training in school management, coordination and teaching is necessary, so that the theme can be deepened in the school context, with the objective of bringing students closer to the knowledge necessary for a healthy old age, protection of the rights of older people and awareness of their own aging process.
Língua inglesa no ensino multisseriado: tarefas e aprendizagem colaborativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-21)
Ujfalusi, Ezilce Casagrande
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Silva, Vera Lucia Teixeira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4421134009136228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436446512190733
This study aims to investigate the relationship between the multi-grade environment and the teaching of English language through tasks, taking as a theoretical framework the multi-grade teaching (LITTLE, 2001; 2004; 2005), group work, and collaborative learning, in view of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory (1991; 1993), as well as its implications in language teaching and learning (DONATO, 1994; 2004; DAVIN; DONATO, 2013 and FIGUEIREDO, 2019; 2020), through the task-based approach (WILLIS, 1996; WILLIS; WILLIS, 2007 e XAVIER, 2012; 2016). Considering my own teaching practice in a private school in the interior of the state of São Paulo, where 6th and 7th-grade students are grouped in the same classroom, we start from the premise that collaborative group work can contribute to the process of learning the English language. During interactions among peers, active participation of students was observed, as they engaged in negotiations and reflections on the language, playing a significant role in the joint construction of knowledge and fostering personal development both for themselves and their peers. The study, configured as a case study, was conducted through questionnaires, the application of a task, and a research diary maintained by the teacher-researcher. Through these instruments, we obtained data that allowed us to outline the reality of interactions in a multi-grade classroom. We sought to answer the following question: What relationship can be established between the multi-grade environment and the teaching of the English language through tasks? By exploring the multiple variables involved in this environment, we hope that this work can contribute to the reflection on the development of pedagogical practices that enable students of different ages and knowledge levels to learn from each other through a participatory, critical, and reflective formation, not only understanding the learning process in which they are engaged but also utilizing the acquired knowledge, mobilizing resources to solve emerging situations.
Efeitos do curso de formação de soldados sobre o sistema musculoesquelético, capacidades físicas e sistema comportamental de jovens: relação intrínseca entre performance física, dor física e estado emocional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-21)
Tangerino Filho, Edson Pereira
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Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9885031162656978
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-4329
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3648281886997294
The career of soldiers in military organizations is characterized by an initial course, the soldier training course (CFSD). Objective: To understand what generates a high motor, psychological and cognitive demand in some vital systems, as well as to know the muscular, organic and biochemical adaptations before, during and after (CFSD). Methodology: 108 volunteers initially, all recruited in CFSD 2022. The study was cross-sectional and lasted 4 months. The assessments were carried out in the initial period of the CFSD course and in the final period of the course, where pain and musculoskeletal disorders were assessed using the Nordic musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire, psychological profile assessment using the Beck depression psychological questionnaire, questionnaire of Stress Symptoms for Adults (ISSL) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and assessment of physical performance with two Fitness and Physical Capacity Tests (TACF) with blood lactate collection, and verification of maximum oxygen consumption VO2Max. Results: 99 volunteers completed the work. The results showed us that there was a significant improvement in the recruits in the distances from the 1st to the 2nd TACF, 1st TACF 2570±288.8 vs 2nd TACF 2750±233.9, and in VO2Max, 1st TACF 45.29±6.41 vs 2nd TACF 49.10±5.19, in addition, lactate levels showed a significant increase in the 2nd TACF in relation to the 1st TACF at all moments collected. Regarding the Nordic Pain Questionnaire, there was no significant difference between the first and second questionnaires, however, when compared by regions, there was an increase in pain in the last week, especially in the lower limbs when comparing the questionnaires. Regarding the ISSL and BDI-II scores, they were higher at the first moment, with ISSL pre (M = 14.86, SE = 1.21) and post (M = 12.25, SE = 1.20) and BDI-II pre (M = 9.28, SE = 1.22) and post (M = 6.82, SE = .64) STAI scores showed a significant difference only for trait anxiety, with higher scores also in first questionnaire pre (M = 20.75, SE = .77) and post (M = 18.28, SE = .61) . As for pain perception, it was positively correlated with stress symptoms, trait anxiety indicators and depression symptoms. Depression levels were also strong, positive, and significantly correlated with anxiety and stress symptoms. Furthermore, the correlation between trait anxiety and stress scores was positive and significant. Conclusion: The results show that CFSD evolves physically and mentally, leading recruits to improve VO2Max values, distance covered in TACF, improvement/stability in musculoskeletal injuries and improvement in symptoms and psychological assessment, reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression.
Síntese de escopo de pesquisas que integram BIM e GIS aplicadas a infraestrutura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-21)
Jesus, Guilherme Carlos de
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Bueno, Cristiane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3425369509924177
The term GIS (Geographic Information System) comes from the English GIS (Geographic Information System). Urban infrastructure processes use digital mechanisms and platforms that collect and map and distribute information at different urban scales. Building Information Modelling (BIM) contemplates the objective of managing the life cycle of a volume to be implemented at a local scale, while GIS works by capturing and mapping characteristics of existing urban conditions for analysis, management and prevention. The integration relationship between the BIM and GIS platforms is a promising topic for urban management processes, arising from the concept of CIM (City Information Modelling), which consists of the modelling of management flows in processes for cities or territories through the use of integration between BIM and GIS. The promising integration of BIM and GIS in urban processes on computational practices and tools help processes for Smart Cities, but it needs a dynamic between GIS and BIM platforms to reduce information loss during the process of exchange and collection of data (Import and Export). Integration has challenges in terms of reading and converting data between platforms, as the platforms were originally developed for different purposes. The research will carry out the systematic literature review (RSL) methodology, will collect the results acquired from the current state of the art on the integration strategies of BIM and GIS in various infrastructure sectors and will seek to identify their limitations, potentials, impacts and what they are the sectors with the highest adhesion to the integration of BIM and GIS, seeking to understand the frontier of knowledge through a bibliometric analysis on which are the main researches in the area, which countries that had the highest number of articles published on the integration of BIM and GIS for processes urban management and which articles were more relevant among international databases.
Influência da proporção de vegetação nativa e da heterogeneidade da paisagem na paisagem sonora do Alto Paranapanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-22)
Araújo, Júlio Cesar Lima
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São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-2519
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Martensen, Alexandre Camargo
Land use intensification alters spatial patterns, homogenizing landscapes and limiting native vegetation to areas of low agricultural suitability. Despite being a process that has advanced throughout the tropical region, there is still much to learn about its effects on the composition and diversity of species that occupy these landscapes. In this study, I present two chapters in which: I) I use diversity and acoustic complexity as indicators of biological diversity and assess how these metrics relate to different proportions of native vegetation and degrees of heterogeneity, and II) how the proportion of native vegetation influences the richness and composition of the anuran fauna in the sampled landscapes. The results show a negative relationship between acoustic diversity and the proportion of native vegetation, while for acoustic complexity, the relationship was positive, but varied depending on the heterogeneity of the landscapes. In landscapes with higher heterogeneity, the effects of the proportion of native vegetation are greatly reduced; however, in more homogeneous landscapes, the influence of the proportion of native vegetation is strong. The anuran fauna showed an influence of the proportion of native vegetation on its richness and, especially, on the composition of the communities, with a high sharing of species in smaller proportions and a greater number of exclusive species within continuous forests. This study provides important information for biodiversity conservation in altered landscapes, contributing to the management of multifunctional landscapes that reconcile biodiversity and agricultural production.
Quantum Otto-type heat engine with fixed frequency
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-22)
Matos, Richard Quintiliano
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De Assis, Rogério Jorge
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Almeida, Norton Gomes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4507959453055975
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7703787869253387
Educação das relações étnico-raciais, arte e memória: refletindo sobre a formação e atuação de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-22)
Rosa, Tifany Cristina Rodrigues
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Pereira, Priscila Leonel de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5408235474739184
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-443X
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
Racism is a reality founded on the social structures of Brazil. Education is not isolated to this process, so the training of teachers faced with social contradictions became necessary. This work aims to establish connections with the use of Art in the instrumentalization of teacher training processes, aiming at the implementation of Brazilian Laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/08 within schools. The study has a qualitative and critical bias, and brings data collected with the application of questionnaires with 22 teachers and school principals who work in schools located in the State of São Paulo, in order to positively consider the use of Art and Memory as possible resources in teacher training environments.
Formação médica em tempos disruptivos: uma análise reflexiva e memorial de vivências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-22)
Oliveira, Gustavo Luis de
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Hirakawa, Humberto Sadanobu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5250668837433200
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5936039863452290
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-3320
This work describes the itinerary of a student studying Medicine at the Federal University of São Carlos in the period between 2018 and 2023. Its purpose is to expose a personal perspective on the stages experienced within the scope of medical training. It materializes, in itself, a Course Completion Work, as foreseen in the Pedagogical Political Project, in the format of a critical-reflective memorial. In this sense, the academic trajectory experienced is narrated in chronological order, describing the experiences of yet another young student inserted in a unique pedagogical sphere that constitutes the medical course structured by the active PBL (Problem Based Learning) methodology, in city of São Carlos, interior of São Paulo, Brazil. In the text, the sequential moments of the course, called educational cycles, are examined, which represent the milestones of demonstrating involvement, deepening — both theoretical and practical —, personal growth and almost always successful use of the constructivist approach to the construction of knowledge. It is noteworthy that in this work the entire set of critical-reflective analysis expressed here takes place under the insurmountable contextual perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic that has ravaged the globe throughout most of the academic periods. Finally, some paradigms of medical education are problematized in light of a universe of education — more than ever — dynamic, hyperconnected and, more recently, with innovative artificial intelligence and big data technologies at our disposal.
Essays on foreign direct investment, regional development and location choice
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-22)
Silva, Eduardo Polloni
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3707775749363255
Brazil is a large emerging economy that attracts numerous foreign investments, although there is no consensus on the effects of these investments or the factors influencing their location choice process. Accordingly, this thesis employs regional-level data to investigate the environmental impacts of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the host municipalities in the State of São Paulo, parting from a sustainable development standpoint. Moreover, a larger dataset covering foreign investments in Brazil is employed to investigate the determinants of these investments from the isomorphic pressure standpoint, and the mimetic behavior of multinational companies and their location choices are evaluated. The results suggest that FDI can be beneficial for the future sustainable development of the State of São Paulo, particularly when these companies operate in high-technology and low-technology sectors. In addition, it is advantageous to receive investments from better-developed regions with stronger institutions. Regarding the location choice process, foreign investors are likely to follow previous recent investments, especially from the same sector. This effect is moderated by these companies' previous international experience, although this effect is stronger when the companies are experienced with the Brazilian context, therefore taking more risk. As such, the results present novel evidence on the effects of FDI and the behavior of multinational companies. Hence, the presented results shine light on important implications for policymakers and future investors.
Análise de capacidade de médio prazo com formação de células de manufatura: uma modelagem em empresa de usinagem aeroespacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-23)
Lima, Rodrigo Franco de
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Silva, Fábio Molina da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371146074145702
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Sagawa, Juliana Keiko
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549481623896786
The production environment characteristic of the aerospace machining sector is the Make-to-Order, with the manufacture of small and medium production batches. Given the possibility of variation in demand, whether in volume or variety, the production system must be responsive and attend the performance targets in terms of cost, quality and time. This flexibility of production environments increases the complexity of decisions, especially in those environments that operate under high variation in the product mix and reduced delivery times. Proper production scheduling directly influences production performance goals and has a great impact on customer service performance. The work aims at the development of a system using a mixed integer programming model and a post-processing interface for temporary cell formation and orders’ allocation, considering the demand of final customer of a given period, and aiming at an optimized use of capacity in the medium term. The model is based on a real case of an aerospace machining company, and contributes to the adequate use of manufacturing resources, to an accurate decision making based on the presented scenario and to the improvement of customer service performance. The differential of the proposed model, in relation to the existing models in the literature, is the fact that it was developed considering a real manufacturing environment (empirical study), with the search for the best formation and reconfiguration of the cell considering the demand, the productive capacity and the machine setup, through the minimization of three objectives in just one model: backlog of orders, non-use of the machine by the route allocated in the cell and intercellular movement. In prior literature, hypothetical systems are modelled, and the cell formation and order allocation are done in two steps, instead of simultaneously, as in the proposed model. The management analysis of the solution obtained, in terms of load and product flows between the machines, made it possible to identify bottlenecks and idleness and possibilities for technological changes in the processes, to better meet demand and balance loads. The work will also result in a technological product for the studied company.
Algoritmo quântico para o problema de gerenciamento de estoque
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Fernandes, Gabriel Pedro Lima Moysés
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Bezerra, Paulo César Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217592591686005
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Villas-Bôas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
In this work, we developed a quantum algorithm in Adiabatic Quantum Computing for the Inventory Management Problem, adapted for factories that use gravitational shelves as the standard storage system. The main goal of the task is to determine the optimal allocation for inventory items on the warehouse shelves, minimizing the operational costs associated with the logistics of item input and output, while respecting the constraints involved. To achieve this, based on the pattern of item occurrences in the factory's demands, we devised a two-phase strategy that aims to determine the most efficient way to distribute items among the shelves. We constructed a set of Problem Hamiltonians that allow us to implement the strategy in the Adiabatic Quantum Computing model. Finally, we implemented the algorithm for a set of simple instances on D-Wave's quantum computers, a Canadian company that leads in developing devices suitable for Adiabatic Quantum Computing implementation, using a heuristic known as Quantum Annealing.
Partidos políticos e a institucionalização da política de saúde brasileira: análise das medidas provisórias e decretos da saúde (1989-2018)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Aizza, Leila Eliane
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-9778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6724272652499784
After the country's redemocratization, the main actors who continued the institutionalization of public policies were political parties. Among the legislative initiation institutes guaranteed to the Executive, provisional measures and decrees are institutional resources exclusive to presidents. At the same time, they are strategies capable of quickly changing the congressional agenda and guaranteeing the implementation of their preferences over other political actors. In this sense, this thesis aims to answer the central question of how the Executive Branch formed by governments of different ideological hues institutionalized health policy? In this sense, the hypothesis that guides the development of this research is that parties on the right of the political spectrum tend to commodify access, through the increase in complementary health to the detriment of public health, as they consider it an expense or expense that compromises the public budget. On the other hand, parties on the left tend to prioritize the expansion of redistributive and universalist policies when allocating public funds. Considering the theoretical contribution of Historical Institutionalism for the development of quantitative and qualitative research and the analysis of government programmatic documents. The main conclusion is that parties on the left of the political spectrum promoted the universalization of the Unified Health System but did not become an obstacle to the expansion of private healthcare in the country.
Catálise heterogênea utilizando íons cobre para a obtenção de compostos N-heterocíclicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Sousa, Bruno Kaleb dos Santos Pinto de
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8670371040476506
N-Heterocyclic compounds, such as pyrroloquinazolines, are widely used in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their broad spectrum of biological activity and relative low toxicity. Synthetic methods for these compounds have been explored, including those based on zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts, aiming to overcome challenges associated with homogeneous catalysis, such as the difficulty in separating the catalyst from the reaction medium. In this context, this work provides a review of the structure, synthesis, and various applications of quinazolines. Pyrroloquinazolines, in specific, have been the subject of studies, including their antiparasitic properties. The study also explores recent methods for the formation of these compounds, focusing on the use of zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts. Specifically, the formation of pyrroloquinazoline using various zeolites was investigated. Characterization and recycling of the USY zeolite were key aspects of the analysis, with observed yields of 73% during catalyst screening and variations between 68 and 56% over 4 reaction cycles. The work concludes with the perspective of continuous optimization of the reaction for better yields and exploration of the synthesis of new derivatives, demonstrating the viability and efficacy of heterogeneous catalysis in this context.
A formação inicial de professores de Física e os saberes docentes para a prática educativa: revisão de escopo de 2001 a 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Cyrineu, Ana Amélia Cyrineu Plens
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Vedovatto, Dijnane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6758025601578309
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-6849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0509394670448306
Teaching is a profession full of challenges, especially at the beginning of the career in which there are aspects linked to lesson planning, class management, working conditions, among other particularities, which, although they are addressed during initial training, the situations that emerge from daily work at school, presenting situations that require the mobilization of different knowledge from the teacher. This understanding leveraged the development of this research, whose objective is to map the field related to research on the initial training of Physics teachers, aiming to understand how the knowledge mobilized by the teacher in the classroom has been approached in research such as dissertations, theses, and how they are presented within the scope of the guidelines for the initial training of Physics teachers. To this end, we defined the following specific objectives: 1) Identify and analyze the works found in the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations related to the knowledge of Physics teachers in Basic Education; and 2) Identify the knowledge in the regulations related to the initial training of Physics teachers. To develop the research, a scoping review was carried out, covering the years 2001 to 2022, in which the analyzes were carried out based on the assumptions of Tardif (2012) and from this, the following axes emerged: Knowledge from the profession; Knowledge arising from professional training for teaching and Knowledge in regulations relating to teacher training. Based on the data analyzed, we identified that knowledge from experience is essential for teacher training, there are indications that supervised internships provide possibilities for future teachers to come into contact with school culture, as well as aspects inherent to the work teacher. In this direction, we highlight the emphasis on articulation between teacher training institutions and basic education schools, which can provide greater approximation with the future teacher's work reality, with the support of professionals involved in teacher training.
O princípio do Protetor-Recebedor como inovação na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos: limites e potencialidades para fomentar a gestão integrada de resíduos no país
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Marotti, Ana Cristina Bagatini
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Pugliesi, Erica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-1387
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0882292538928826
The National Waste Policy (NWP) is the main federal regulation on the subject of solid waste in the country, it was promulgated in 2010, and is structured in principles, objectives and instruments. The principles are the basis of a policy, and among those of the NWP are, jointly, the principles of the polluter pays, already established in Brazilian environmental policies by the National Environmental Policy of 1981, and the protector-receiver, then having its first appearance in national policies. The polluter protector-receiver has its greatest recurrence when applied to payment for environmental services aimed at the use of land and preservation of water resources, as for the issue of solid waste, it is still reduced, with a lack of doctrinal and jurisprudence. In this way, the objective is to understand the application of the protectorreceiver principle for the management of solid waste in Brazil. Thus, the state of the art of this topic is presented, the relationship between this principle and the objectives and instruments of the NWP, the corresponding legal normative framework, national experiences of application and a comparative analysis between them and the correlation of the topic with current environmental agendas. One way to implement the protector-receiver is through the Payment for Environmental Service, an economic instrument for environmental management, which in the context of solid waste, is known as Payment for Urban Environmental Service (PUES), which aims to remunerate waste pickers for the service. provided of collection and sorting of solid waste. The research pointed out that the application of the principle to waste is still incipient, little discussed in publications and at the federal level there are no policies that specifically deal with PUES, but recent movements have been observed that indicate the likely inclusion of this topic in the federal legal regulatory framework. Meanwhile, in the states and municipalities there are already examples of the implementation of these policies, which since 2011 have rewarded waste pickers. In this scenario, there are still limitations to its application, which consists of a federal legal structure to encourage and expand this payment, advances are still needed to understand the importance of the services provided related to collection and sorting, to promote a better balanced proportion between the amount paid and the work performed, and the challenge of structuring a program that encompasses not only male and female collectors in an organized way, but also those who work individually.
A Classificação Internacional de Doenças: usos na organização e representação da informação no contexto da saúde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Andrade, Evaldo Aguiar
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Galvão, Maria Cristiane Barbosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9163421021115381
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-5743
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265801815717745
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is the basis for identifying health trends and statistics around the world. The objective of this study is to explain the specificities of the ICD in order to establish a greater dialogue between the fields of Information Science and Health regarding the organization of information and knowledge. To this end, a documentary research was developed, an instrument to map the uses of the ICD by professionals working in the health field and an opinion survey, exploratory, qualitative and transversal, to map the uses of the ICD by professionals working in the health field. The documentary analysis showed that concerns about the organization and representation of Information Science knowledge are quite diverse in quantity and themes. To carry out the opinion research, an instrument was developed following an exploratory and empirical approach. In this research, a convenience population consisting of 127 healthcare professionals with higher education was considered. The data show that 65.4% of participants declared themselves to be female, that brown ethnicity was the most common (47.2%) and that the majority of professionals fall into the age range of 31 to 40 years (47.2 %) and 41 to 50 (28.3%) years. In relation to the professions with the highest number of participants, nursing stood out, with 34.6%, and technology areas, with 15%. The majority of respondents (74.8%) declared that they had some knowledge about the ICD; however, only 7.1% know all its functions. Around 18.1% of professionals stated that they had never used the ICD, while 60.3% stated that they had never received training on the ICD and only 2.4% had received continuous training. The most used tool to find out the meaning of an ICD code is Google, as this tool was recommended by 85% of participants. The main barrier to using the ICD is the lack of knowledge about it (57.5%), as well as the lack of an electronic system to support the use of the ICD (45.7%) and the lack of interest on the part of the professionals themselves (34, 6%). Around 76.4% of professionals highlighted that having training is the main facilitating element for using the ICD. Regarding the terminologies considered essential for the health area, the ICD stands out, as it was remembered by the majority of professionals (78.5%). As a qualitative result, the health professionals participating in the study discussed three themes on how to improve the use of the ICD, namely: 1) Training and continuing education; 2) Education in undergraduate courses, such as, for example, in undergraduate health courses, a mandatory subject on the use of the ICD and encouraging its use in professional internships; and 3) Adaptations in work environments, such as, for example, incorporating the ICD into health information systems. This research reinforces that there is no room for timidity in Information Science in the field of Health, as collaborations can be established both to improve the ICD and to develop courses, disciplines and specialized training.
Efeito da acessibilidade aos sítios ácidos da Zeólita MFI na esterificação catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Ribeiro, Maria Eduarda
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-4516
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1479000103307580
In the context of increasing ethanol production through fermentation, substantial amounts of fusel oil are produced. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring methods to reuse fusel oil by transforming its major component, isopentanol, into valuable industrial products. One potential approach involves the conversion of isopentanol into isopentyl acetate, an ester widely utilized in the food industry for flavor enhancement. Viable mechanisms for effecting this conversion is to apply esterification reactions, facilitated by a protonic catalyst. Zeolites, noted for their acidity arising from Brønsted sites, have been recognized as effective catalysts for this purpose. Recent research has revealed that the main factor that enhances catalytic efficacy in esterification reactions is the expansion of the external surface area of zeolites due to constraints associated with molecular diffusion within the micropores of MFI zeolite. In this context, the present study aim to investigate how the accessibility to acidic sites of MFI zeolite can be improved by reducing particle size to obtain isopentyl acetate. In order of this, several parameters were explored, including the aging time of the reaction mixture during the synthesis of MFI zeolite with n-butylamine (BTA) and tetrapropylammonium cations (TPA+), Si/Al ratio, and the hydrothermal treatment time. The analyses, including N2 physisorption and SEM results, demonstrated that prolonging the aging time in both BTA and TPA+ syntheses led to smaller particle sizes while maintaining the chemical composition of the zeolites relatively constant. Additionally, the research established that TPA+ cations were more effective in producing smaller particle sizes, and lowering the Si/Al ratio from 25 to 15 also resulted in smaller particle diameters. Thus, adjusting these synthesis parameters permits the variation of the particle size of the zeolites. Regarding the observed catalytic activity, we observed that zeolites synthesized with TPA+ and smaller particle sizes, resulting in a larger external surface, achieved higher conversion rates. It occurs due to molecules having better access to catalytic sites. Conversely, samples synthesized with BTA, having a smaller external surface area, achieved similar conversion rates. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis of samples from BTA and TPA+ syntheses has revealed that those derived from BTA synthesis exhibit superior TOF0, despite their lower aluminum content. Therefore, it demonstrates that the performance of the reaction is mainly affected by the external surfaces acidity profile.
Envolvimento dos funcionários na produção enxuta: práticas, relação e desenvolvimento de escala
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Medeiros, Nayara Cardoso de
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Ganga, Gilberto Miller Devós
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062191157466610
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
Employee involvement is reported in the literature as a human resource practice that has significantly contributed to the success of lean manufacturing efforts. However, the subject is superficially addressed in the literature, lacking in-depth studies. Thus, the overall objective of this work is to understand the relationship between employee involvement practices in lean manufacturing efforts and to develop a scale capable of measuring these practices' adoption levels. The thesis was structured into three main chapters following an article format to achieve this. The first article used a systematic literature review and expert opinions to identify employee involvement practices in lean manufacturing efforts. Ninety articles were analyzed, resulting in a list of fifteen essential practices. The second article analysed these practices' driving relations and dependence using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and fuzzy-cross-impact matrix multiplication (Fuzzy MICMAC). As a result, the most influential practices and those with the highest dependence were identified, leading to a framework that shows how companies can prioritize employee involvement practices implementation in lean manufacturing efforts. After identifying the priority, the third article focused on developing a scale to measure the level of practice implementation in companies. The scale construction process started by extracting items from relevant literature. These items underwent expert evaluation and were then subjected to four rounds of Q-sorting to validate them. Once the items were validated, a survey was conducted with manufacturing company operators in the north and southeast regions of Brazil to further validate the scale path for implementation. The result was an instrument that measured employee involvement in lean manufacturing efforts and helped companies to identify opportunities to stimulate employee involvement. A conceptual model was developed to measure employee involvement in lean manufacturing by utilizing best practices. This model can help managers prioritize the implementation of practices that require more attention, leading to better decision-making and increased employee involvement. Consequently, this can lead to more effective and sustainable implementation of lean manufacturing.
A relação com o saber na mentoria de diretores escolares: considerações a partir de uma formação prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-24)
Oliveira, Ricardo Gavioli de
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2753
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0766515223957943
The present research originated from reflections on some questions that originated this thesis: does the exchange of experience between principals enable the construction of the relationship with the Knowledge (Charlot, 2000) about school management? Can a mentoring of directors or not promote the rupture of training models traditionally offered to this public? With this problem, the general objective of this study emerged, to understand the relationship with knowledge submitted to the practice of school management, from the identification of the knowledge and learning that the mentoring principals and mentees said they had produced, due to the practical training in mentoring of principals. And, the specific objectives: to ascertain what mobilized the directors in relation to the desire to learn and; elucidate how the activities developed during Mentoring in Practice contributed to instigate ruptures in relation to the instrumental perspective that prevails in the guidelines directed to this audience. The theoretical framework was based on Bernard Charlot's analytical propositions about the Relationship with Knowledge (RcS). Of a qualitative nature, we sought to understand the relationship with knowledge submitted to the practice of school management, based on the identification of the knowledge and learning that principals said they had produced, as a result of training. The empirical part of the research consisted of conducting two focus groups as methodological instruments for data collection: one with mentoring directors and the other with mentored directors, belonging to the five Brazilian regions that were part of the training in Mentoring in Practice, which took place between August 2021 and June 2022. This training was developed by the Study and Research Group on Education, Subjectivity and Culture (GEPESC) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in partnership with the Secretariat of Basic Education of the Ministry of Education (SEB/MEC). The data showed two constellations of analysis: 1) Mutual learning relationship between principals, mentors and mentees and 2) Contributions of mentoring to coping with challenges in the school. The results revealed that the relationship with knowledge submitted to school management demands from principals a complex mediation process, in view of the need to mobilize the community in favor of the development of collaborative activities that favor the organization of the school, expanding its degree of autonomy and enabling the democratization of its management. The identification of the knowledge learned by the principals revealed new professional strategies to cope with challenges and problems identified in the school routine, contributing to minimize the feeling of isolation and insecurity through the exercise of the function. This was only possible due to the training methodology of Mentoring in Practice, which instigated the establishment of a new relationship between these directors, from which they were able to carry out the systematized exchange of knowledge and experiences among peers, which favored the rupture with the merely technical and bureaucratizing logic of guidance traditionally directed to this audience.