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Sistema multienzimático inovador para a produção de ácido glicônico a partir de amido usando células inteiras de Aspergillus niger
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-28) Pucci, Emanoela Fernanda Queiroz; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-9846; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-9881; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1899922534133807; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2370
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in a wide variety of foods, including fruit, honey, wine, rice, meat and other naturally fermented products. Because of its versatility and biodegradability, it has many applications in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and detergent industries. Although fermentation has been used for several decades, there are still drawbacks and challenges associated with the process. Fermentation processes often result in lower yields than chemical synthesis methods and require specific nutrients for the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms. In addition, gluconic acid produced by fermentation can produce by-products, including other acids and organic compounds, which must be removed in the product purification stage, increasing the overall cost and complexity of the process. As an alternative to the fermentation processes, gluconic acid can be produced by whole-cell biocatalysis. Whole-cell biocatalysis uses intact microbial cells to perform specific chemical transformations or produce desired compounds. This approach differs from fermentation because microbial cells are used as biocatalysts under non-growth conditions. This study began with a literature review aimed at identifying and analyzing previous studies on the production of gluconic acid by whole-cell biocatalysis, as well as the microorganisms, substrates, and enzymes involved in this process. This review enabled the selection of starch, one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides, to produce gluconic acid. In the present study, an innovative single-step multi-enzymatic system for gluconic acid production from starch using whole-cells of Aspergillus niger associated with amylolytic enzymes was proposed. High yields of gluconic acid with high product purity were obtained, e.g., a gluconic acid concentration of 134.5 ± 4.3 g/L, a gluconic acid yield of 98.2 ± 1.3%, a biocatalyst yield of 44.8 ± 1.4 ggluconic acid/gwhole-cells and a product purity (~96%) were achieved during a 96 h reaction. Although the process was developed using starch as the raw material, the approach has the potential to be applied to other substrates or residues that can be hydrolyzed to glucose. Therefore, the proposed multienzyme system opens new perspectives for gluconic acid production by whole-cell biocatalysis.
Desafios docentes na EJA do ensino fundamental I: a utilização das tecnologias digitais durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em 2020 e 2021
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-28) Leme, Clodoaldo Gonçalves; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-1437; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4056579073535988; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5952-5986
This research, qualitative with a case study methodological approach, sought, through semi-structured interviews, to identify the difficulties in the teaching practices of three educators and one educator who taught in Youth and Adult Education (EJA) in relation to the use of Digital Technology Information and Communication (TDIC). Based on this problem, the research question was developed: How do educators from a medium-sized city in the interior of the state of São Paulo of Terms I and II (Elementary Education I) of EJA work on literacy with the use of digital technologies? during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021? We defined as a general objective: Analyze the perceptions and results of educators in a medium-sized city in the interior of the state of São Paulo of Terms I and II of Youth and Adult Education, during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the period from 2020 to 2021, in relation to the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies. In order to represent the general objective, we present the following specific objectives: a) Know the perceptions and evaluate educators who worked during the Covid-19 pandemic in Youth and Adult Education with Terms I and II in a medium-sized city from the interior of the state of São Paulo; b) identify which TDIC were used by educators for literacy in EJA in 2020 and 2021; c) Verify the possible difficulties faced and lessons learned by educators from Terms I and II of EJA, during the use of digital technological resources and present successful experiences. We summarize the researcher's direct relationship with EJA, highlighting the reasons why we chose the topic and its challenging context. The theoretical framework comprises productions that relate to the field of EJA, the topic of research: Paulo Freire (1979; 1984; 1987; 1989; 1996; 1997); Di Pierro (2005; 2010); Di Pierro, Haddad, (2015); Haddad (1991); Haddad, Di Pierro (2000); Oliveira (1995; 1999); Paiva (2003). In the field of teacher training at EJA, we are based on Arroyo (2006); Soares, Pedroso (2016). In relation to teacher training for teaching knowledge: Tardif (2014). For teacher training and the use of technologies: Charlot (2013). With regard to training focused on literacy and literacy: Cagliari (1999); Carvalho (2009); Monteiro (2010); Soares (2002; 2018). In the field of ICT/TDIC, authors such as Belloni (2009; 2012); Bruno, Pesce (2012); Buzato (2006; 2009); Kenski (2007); Mill (2018); Mill, Jorge (2013) and theoretical-conceptual elements of the work of Álvaro Vieira Pinto (2005). Regarding public policies in the educational field: Saviani (1985; 1994; 2005; 2013; 2020). Thus, despite the challenges faced during the pandemic context, research educators systematically sought to enhance the use of TDIC, highlighting the need for continued teacher training, review of the municipal staff to ensure a pedagogical coordinator at EJA and adequacy of infrastructure in the schools where the educators worked.
Efeitos da paisagem nos polinizadores e na polinização: revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-28) Rocha, Ana Carolina; Lopes, Luciano Elsinor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9851434993849589; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-1977
The modifications to natural environments not only affect the landscape structure but also impact pollinators, pollination, and plant-pollinator interactions. The maintenance and conservation of pollination and these interactions influence social and economic sustainability goals, given the impact of pollination on other species that mediate relevant ecological processes such as climate regulation, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, among others. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide a synthesis of the impact of landscape structure on the ecosystem service of pollination through a systematic literature review covering the period from 2011 to 2021. Despite recent empirical information on the subject, it is not systematically organized, making it necessary to synthesize the available knowledge in recent years. To conduct the systematic literature review, three fundamental stages were carried out: planning, implementation, and documentation. Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus databases were used for the selection of published studies. Search terms were defined using the boolean operator AND, as well as keywords such as Pollinator, Landscape, and Pollination. A total of 2,531 studies, written in English and Portuguese, were analyzed. Among these, 576 articles were selected based on their titles. After reading the abstracts, 342 articles remained to be read in full. Of these, 55 were excluded as review articles, modeling studies, meta-analyses, or for not meeting the criteria of this systematic review. The results obtained showed that resource availability and coverage of natural areas had a positive effect on bee diversity. On the other hand, areas near agricultural or urban coverage showed a greater negative impact on bee diversity. These findings support the hypothesis that modifications to the landscape structure affect the diversity of pollinator species. The obtained results will provide a deeper understanding of the topic, assisting in identifying specific landscape characteristics that can impact pollinator species. This, in turn, will help in making better-informed decisions and prioritizing conservation actions based on the particularities of each region or species.
Uso de propriedades colorimétricas na estimativa das propriedades físicas e mecânicas de madeiras tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-11-28) Ruthes, Heloiza Candeia; Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333091200416653; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-8498; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3424352535098487; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-5934
Research into alternative methods for estimating wood properties has gained prominence due to the difficulties inherent in this process. Such difficulties include the lack of laboratories and specialized equipment necessary for the complete characterization of wood. Therefore, this study aims to develop equations using regression models, to estimate fifteen physical and mechanical properties by Brazilian standards for wooden structures. To accomplish this purpose, experimental data relating to the physical, and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters of ten new species of tropical wood were used. Initially, the physical and mechanical properties and colorimetric parameters of these species were obtained and subjected to statistical analysis. Additionally, data from ten species resulting from related and previous research were also incorporated into the analysis. Linear and quadratic equations were obtained using regression models, considering colorimetric parameters and apparent density as independent variables. The independence of these variables was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test. Initially, the models were built with experimental data from just fifteen species. Subsequently, after validating these results, the same equations were generated considering experimental data from all species. In all models, the significance of the equations and their terms was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The adequacy of the models obtained was evaluated by the adjusted coefficient of determination, and in the validation phase, the percentage error obtained was investigated. The results indicated that the developed equations are statistically significant and present satisfactory adjustments for most estimated properties. Furthermore, apparent density proved to be the most influential parameter in these models, although colorimetric parameters have considerable significance.