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What are the cut-off points for vaginal manometry to differentiate women with a weak from those with a strong pelvic floor muscle contraction?: Vaginal manometry to classify a pelvic floor muscle contraction
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12) Silva, Jordana Barbosa da; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; Jorge, Cristine Homsi; Armijo-Olivo, Susan; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6419640145149798; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-9786; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-3788; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-4611
Maximal voluntary contraction average is the best variable to identify a strong pelvic floor contraction. Abstract Background Vaginal manometry is regarded as an objective method to assess pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function and can measure several variables during contraction. Objective To determine which variables could differentiate women with/without a weak/strong PFM contraction and determine their cut-off points. Methods This is a diagnostic accuracy study performed on 156 women with a mean age of 40.4 (SD, 15.9) years. The reference test was vaginal palpation and the index test was vaginal manometry (Peritron™ manometer). Variables were pressure at rest, pressure achieved with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), MVC average, duration, gradient, and area under the curve (AUCm). The Receiver Operating Curve (AUC/ROC) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data and obtain cut-off points. Results Excellent ability to discriminate women with a weak/strong PFM contraction was found for MVC average (cut-off: 28.93 cmH2O), MVC (cut-off: 38.61 cmH2O), and the AUCm (cut-off: 1011.93 cm²*s). The gradient variable had good discrimination ability (AUC/ROC=0.81; cut-off: 28.68 cmH2O/s). The MVC average assessed by manometry, menopausal status, and the presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were associated with a weak/strong PFM contraction in the multivariate analysis; however, the most parsimonious model to discriminate weak/strong PFM contraction included only the MVC average (AUC/ROC = 0.95; sensitivity: 0.87; specificity: 0.91). Conclusion These results suggest which manometry variables are appropriate to assess and classify PFM function in females. These could be used to help physical therapists to make clinic decisions about the management of female PFM.
Desenvolvimento de um processo de medição dimensional para placas cerâmicas de grande formato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-01) Silva, Fernando das Dores; Sordan, Juliano Endrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9328225911168960; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2188-9051; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-2223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3326676850135146
In the Brazilian ceramic tile market, large-format ceramic tiles have gained prominence. In 2019, the country ranked as the third-largest global producer, second in consumption, and seventh in exports. The growth in large-format tile production is a result of technological advancements in conformation, enabling the creation of larger and more diverse formats. Despite technological advances in ceramic tile production, the dimensional measurement method (ISO 10545-2) has remained unchanged since the 1990s, becoming unsuitable for the high-quality and precision requirements of modern tiles. To address this gap, this dissertation proposed a Coordinate Measurement System (CMS) that measures the tile at an 83° incline as an alternative to the Current Measurement System (CuMS). The main objective of the research was to develop a testing methodology that would allow for the measurement of the dimensional characteristics of large-format ceramic tiles with repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) compatible with the current method and eliminating planar deformation. The results indicated that several variables, such as format, thickness, and typology of the tiles, affect elastic deformation. The format showed a variation of up to 1.42 mm in the largest dimension, thickness varied by 0.8 mm in thin tiles, and typology influenced by 0.77 mm in BIIb. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between these variables, especially in larger sizes. In the method development process, the Three-Dimensional Measurement Arm (TMA) was chosen due to its cost-effectiveness. The developed program allowed for measurements to be replicated without the need for manual rotation of the tiles, and the inclined panel with a robust structure and support pins eliminated elastic deformation. The R&R results between the CuMS and the CMS demonstrated average amplitude ranging from 0.013 mm to 0.075 mm, with standard deviations ranging from 0.062 mm to 0.114 mm, all below the resolution required by the standard.For specific tile attributes, such as size and lateral straightness, the results were 22% and 24% better than the specified limit of 30%. Deviations in characteristics such as orthogonality, warpage, central and lateral curvature also remained below the 20% limit, with values of 17%, 16%, 9%, and 14%, respectively. The repeatability of the characteristics ranged from 7% to 9%, below 10%, and no systematic deviations from stability and trend were observed in the SMC, while the CuMS exhibited some insignificant trend deviations. These results highlight the compatibility of the measurement systems and their ability to provide precise and standards-compliant measurements, ensuring effective control of dimensional variations. The results indicate that CMS is a viable alternative to CuMS for accurately measuring the dimensional characteristics of large-format ceramic tiles in compliance with standards. Thus, both methods together meet market demands for different sizes of ceramic tiles and ensure effective control of dimensional variations. It is worth noting that these methods can be used in conjunction, with CuMS suitable for pieces up to 60 cm in length, and CMS can be used for smaller pieces, but in terms of cost-effectiveness, it is recommended for larger sizes.
Influência de agentes de ativação na geração de espécies ativas em zeólitas Cu-ZSM-5 – aplicação na conversão de metano a metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-01) Mata, João Emanuel Cabral da; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-6004; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9527354512863079; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-0525
Climate change is a current topic of much debate around the world and is a consequence of the impact of the intensification of the greenhouse effect caused by the accumulation in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, methane (CH4), among others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ways to add value to these gases and minimize their emissions. In the case of methane, the challenge is its direct conversion to produce methanol via heterogeneous catalysis and in compliance with the principles of green chemistry. The most widely studied catalysts for this reaction are oxocation-exchanged zeolites (CuxOy). The formation of these species is influenced by factors intrinsic to the catalyst preparation process, such as conditions of incorporation of copper cations, activation agent and operating conditions, among others. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the generation and nature of copper oxo-cations in ZSM-5 zeolites by varying the activation agent (O2, CO2, Ar or synthetic air) and verify the activity of these species in the conversion direct methane to methanol (MTM). As precursors, NH4-ZSM-5 zeolites (Si/Al = 11,5 and 15) were used, which were subjected to ion exchange with copper acetate. The zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), reduction with hydrogen at programmed temperature (H2-RTP), nitrogen physisorption, X-ray fluorescence (FRX), ammonia desorption at programmed temperature (NH3-DTP) and analyzes FTIR in transmission mode with pyridine adsorbed in situ. The reaction process occurred in three stages: (1) activation of Cu-ZSM-5 using CO2, O2, synthetic air and He as activating agents; (2) MTM reaction; (3) ex situ extraction of methanol using ethanol. To identify the active species and their consumption in the reaction, in situ DRS-UV-vis analyzes were carried out. XRD and H2-RTP results showed that the Cu-Z(11,5)_2x24 sample was the most suitable for catalytic tests and more complex characterizations as it has more Cu atoms in exchange positions in the zeolite. The catalytic tests showed that all the activation agents used were capable of generating active species and forming MeOH, however, the species generated by the O2 and CO2 agents produced less methanol than the species generated using synthetic air and an inert gas, showing that with The species generated by O2 and CO2 may have seen overoxidation of methane to CO and CO2 or clusters of Cu oxocations inactive for the DMTM reaction have formed. The DRS-UV-Vis spectra showed the formation of oxocation species with all activating agents under study and also the species that were consumed during the reaction, being intermediates such as µ-(ƞ2:ƞ2)peroxo dicobre and trans-1,2-peroxo dicobre species, [CuxOy], [Cux(OH)x], Z2-Cu(II) and Z[Cu(II)O]. Synthetic air proved to be the most suitable activation agent, as it is the most sustainable and capable of forming species sufficiently active in the DMTM reaction.
Extroversão da política e introversão dos sindicatos?: o sindicalismo petroleiro entre o novo desenvolvimentismo e a restauração do neoliberalismo (2008-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-01) Mendes, Danilo Lucena; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-9575; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7524223923740172; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-0617
This dissertation aims at analyzing the conditions by which oil unionism was able to organize itself in order to shape oil politics courses since 2008. Thus, this research rebuilds such unionism formation process since Petrobras national-developmentalist landmarks in 1950s till the consolidation of oil unionism institutional and discursive power. Moreover, we investigated the recovery of structural and associative foundations of oil unionism power in 1990 and 2000 decades. Such recovery, allowed oil workers to engage in attempts of intervening on the pre-salt regulatory mark process between 2008 and 2010. As far as that was achieved, they revealed their ability of acting strategically and asserting their autonomy concerning the political interest of the cores of different governments, in what regards oil politics and Petrobras management. Up to 2020, the new developmentalism economical guidelines formed a fundamental reference to oil unionism action, direct or indirectly, insisting on the idea that state should expand its participation in oil sector to the utmost, by means of Petrobras investments on the branch. Therefore, they opposed to the reversion of new developmentalism principles in what concerns economic policies directed at oil industry. Nevertheless, the main antagonism to the public company policies, from 2016 onwards, has relied on effervescence of a new solidarity spirit between union bases and board. In February 2020, threatened by the company board privatization agenda, they went on a 20-day strike, the largest since the 1995 historical stoppage.
O conceito de educação bilíngue sob a visão de Jim Cummins e Merill Swain: uma análise do livro “Bilinguismo na educação”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Tronco, Mariah Cruz de Souza; Marigo, Adriana Fernandes Coimbra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4014738511373573; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-3478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5398317513657506
This monograph presents the result of bibliographical research developed through content analysis of the book “Bilingualism in Education” (Cummins; Swain, 1986). Its general objective was to understand the concept of bilingual education in contemporary times from the perspective of Jim Cummins and Merrill Swain. Its specific objectives were: I. Identify the bilingual radical* in the work and the context units in which it is present; II. Recognize the authors' theoretical bases on which they support linguistic proficiency in the first and second language; III. Gather determining factors of bilingual education for academic success and failure. IV. Establish connections between the book's content and the reality of Brazilian bilingual education. Along the methodological path, an initial categorization of the record units identified was carried out based on the separation by sections of the book and, subsequently, a final categorization which gave rise to subcategories used as a basis for the author's inference. The theoretical framework was based on the Dialogic Education Model (Aubert et al, 2016), which highlights the transformative potential of education as an instrument for reducing social inequalities. As a result, a synthesis of the chapters and the categorization of registration units were carried out: I. Scientific research on bilingualism (characteristics and theoretical views); II. Benefits of bilingualism for cognition; III. Bilingualism and academic performance; IV. Dualities attributed to bilingualism V. Language proficiency (Testing and analysis) VI. Evaluation of bilinguals in standardized tests VII. Characteristics of bilingual programs. Furthermore, subcategories were created followed by an inference that related the following categories to the theoretical framework and the Brazilian scenario. The analysis concluded that additive bilingualism has advantages for cognitive and academic development and the existence of an urgency to end the stigmas that affect less socially privileged languages.
O obstáculo do solipsismo em o ser e o nada: Sartre entre realismo e idealismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Pizelli, Fabrício Rodrigues; Marques, Silene Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-7381; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0949416089896555; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-3469
Dans cette mémoire de master, nous cherchons à aborder dans quelle mesure l'ontologie phénoménologique de Jean-Paul Sartre surmonte le problème du solipsisme dans L'être et le néant. Dans ce but, en utilisant les écrits théoriques de Sartre antérieurs à l'ontologie de 1943, qui composent l'état de la question du solipsisme, nous avons l'intention d'analyser comment la réponse de Sartre à la question de l'existence d'autres consciences est établie dans L'être et le néant, étant donné que cette oeuvre se caractérise par marquer la phase mature de la phénoménologie de l'auteur, initialement développée dans les années trente. Ainsi, étant donné que la première tentative de surmonter le problème du solipsisme, présentée dans La transcendance de l'Ego en 1936, est considérée comme insuffisante par le phénoménologue français, nous cherchons à examiner sa deuxième réponse au problème du solipsisme dans L'être et le néant, afin de situer la phénoménologie de Sartre dans le débat entre réalisme et idéalisme. En effet, étant donné que l'ontologie de 1943 est une étape clé de la maturation théorique de Sartre, nous présentons ici le parcours philosophique de l'auteur dans son approche renouvelée du problème du solipsisme.
Novas perspectivas para o Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador e Dieta de Saúde Planetária no Brasil na era Antropocênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Miller, Tânia Corrêa; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8520773831885713; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-392X
It is widely recognized that the global food system is unsustainable, especially after the industrialization of agriculture, which is currently based on neoproductivism. A multidisciplinary team, the EAT-Lancet Commission, composed of experts from different fields of health, agricultural, as well as, political and environmental scientists, has developed global scientific targets for the sustainable production of healthy food and diets, the so-called Planetary Health diet, based on the best available evidence. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Planetary Health Diet and to propose a gradual adaptation for the Brazilian population, particularizing the area of Nutrition in Collective Feeding, with emphasis on the Workers' Food Program. This research belongs to the area of science, technology, and society and has an exploratory and comparative character, using the method of bibliographic and documentary research, with approaches to texts and books from the perspective of Bruno Latour and Ailton Krenak in dialog with other authors. The authors challenge us to develop other forms of modus operandi to face the “ecological mutation” in the New Climate Regime with greater clarity. From this perspective, the intersections of Nutrition science in the 21st century are identified, with the idea of reorientation to the vector that Latour calls “Terrestrial”, as a new political actor in the Anthropocene period. The comparative analysis of the Planetary Health diet and personal food consumption in Brazil revealed a high consumption of beef, lamb, and added sugars and a low consumption of fruit, vegetables, added fats, and oilseeds. As a result, an adaptation of this diet was proposed for the Brazilian population, based on the current guidelines of the Food Guide, highlighting the need to buy food from sustainable systems of production to feed workers, as well as updating the nutritional requirements of the Workers' Food Program. Given the current scenario, where everything is making us rethink our own existence on the planet, there is an urgent need to realign food systems and food consumption. The main challenge is to develop public policies that are compatible with the goals of sustainability to ensure food and nutrition security, with the responsible participation of all. Policymakers, public health professionals, nutritionists, scientists from the environmental and human fields, and civil society can form a transdisciplinary working group for decision-making resulting in develop evidence-based policy. It is expected that this research can contribute to nutrition increasingly becoming the subject of interdisciplinary scientific research in the fields of science, technology, and society.
Narrativas de egressos de cursos de licenciatura na Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência (ReAD) da UFSCar: caminhos e possibilidades formativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Ferreira Filho, Antonio Carlos; Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-411X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3621308634274513; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4718-2730
The theme of this study explores the experiences lived by graduates of teaching degree programs throughout their formative journeys in an online collaborative learning network called the Teaching and Development Learning Network (ReAD) between the years 2016 and 2019. ReAD brings together teaching degree students and teachers at different career stages, fostering intergenerational dialogue in formative activities, discussions, and the exchange of knowledge and experiences among participants. This investigation originated from the following guiding question: How do graduates of teaching degree programs analyze the experiences lived during their formative journey in the Teaching and Development Learning Network (ReAD), and how did these experiences contribute to their subsequent learning and professional practices? The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and data were collected through online questionnaires, digital narratives written in ReAD, and online narrative interviews. The study involved 32 participants, with online narrative interviews conducted with 10 of them, highlighting recollections and reflections on their journeys in ReAD. The organization and analysis of the data were supported by Content Analysis, where we established an analysis axis consisting of four categories aligned with the research question and the general objective of the investigation: a) Motivations and expectations: the paths to ReAD; b) Recollections and reflections: teaching in ReAD's formative actions; c) Perspectives on teaching practice: experiences, challenges, and understandings after ReAD; d) Possibilities and potentialities of ReAD: participants' perspectives on their formative journeys. The results highlighted how participants carefully and maturely assessed their formative journeys in ReAD, reaffirming convictions about being a teacher and attributing new meanings to what was explored in the modules over time and through personal, professional, and academic experiences after ReAD. The results also revealed that, from the participants' perspective, formative actions contributed to their practical professional learning. Participants emphasized the activities carried out in ReAD aligned with the reality of teaching practice, as well as dialogues and sharing experiences with novice, experienced, and research-oriented teachers cooperatively in a professional socialization environment, conducive to teacher learning in a receptive manner with support and understanding of the dilemmas, feelings, and challenges of teaching. Furthermore, participants described ReAD as an innovative formative experience for learning about/for teaching. They pointed out the possibilities and potentialities of the activities conducted during the modules, as well as the distinctive nature of the intergenerational relationship established among participants at different stages of their teaching careers.
Aplicação de métodos de redução de dimensionalidade não lineares em classificadores paramétricos e não paramétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Hirasawa, João Gabriel Viana; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009735422150540
Much of the data collected and used in machine learning applications is structured in high-dimensional spaces. Images, text documents and sensor data are some examples of data collected all the time, and whose number of attributes can easily exceed the number of samples in the set. As a consequence, the curse of dimensionality requires the study of ways to mitigate negative effects in models that use these high-dimensional data sets. One solution to deal with this is dimensionality reduction methods, which seek to generate representations with a more tangible number of dimensions, minimizing the loss of information. In this way, the use of such methods within machine learning becomes a field with potential, as they simplify the structure of the data that feeds the models. This work aimed to evaluate the use of different non-linear dimensionality reduction methods together with parametric and non-parametric models in classification tasks. UMAP and PaCMAP were used on high-dimensional data sets, available on the OpenML platform, and the classification performance of the Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Gaussian Naive Bayes, k-NN and XGBoost models was evaluated. The results obtained show an improvement in performance for parametric models, mainly with the use of the supervised implementation of UMAP. Although they were not as effective in a more robust and heavy model, XGBoost, the use of the methods represented an improvement in the model's execution time, which indicates an opportunity for application and study in these situations.
Processos mercantis e privatizantes na universidade pública: o caso da pós-graduação lato sensu e da pesquisa-inovação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-05) Ferro, André José Sanaiotti Grade; Silva, Eduardo Pinto e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9951935995456106
The object of study for this doctoral research is the transformations undergone by public universities in light of the context of (neo)liberal state policies articulated with the logic of valorization, (re)production, and accumulation of capital. This work elucidates the ways in which commercial and privatizing processes are present and become naturalized within the public university. To apprehend and understand the object of study in its entirety, unveiling its contradictions and conflicts, we chose to conduct an analysis that dialectically articulates the theoretical-political reflection on commodification and privatization, combined with the documentary analysis (UFSCar Activity Report, Resolutions, among others) regarding the transformations of public universities and, at the same time, an empirical study to understand how commercial and privatizing processes are concretely realized in reality. We analyzed the way, the modus operandi, in which UFSCar has instituted a legal and institutional apparatus (Support Foundation, Innovation Agency, innovation scholarships and PIDICT scholarship, part of the payment of royalties to researchers, among others) to facilitate, promote, and encourage that activities related to research-innovation and specialization courses (extension) operate from the perspective of a market-privatist rationality. The study shows that these commercial and privatizing processes range from charging tuition fees in specialization courses to the development and commercialization of technological innovations (intellectual properties) for the market in search of royalties for the university. For this, the thesis was structured in four chapters: in the first, the relationship between science/technology and the logic of capital was problematized; in the second, the historical-political and economic process of the creation of UFSCar in the context of the civil-military dictatorship and (neo)liberal policies was emphasized; in the third, the issue of commodification of specialization courses was addressed; and in the fourth, the realization of commercial and privatizing processes in the research-innovation area was elucidated. Thus, the study proves relevant for (re)thinking the function that the public university is assuming in this context of (neo)liberal policies, considering that, in theory, the public university is not a company and, therefore, its function should not be to produce goods; on the contrary, we believe that its primary function is to promote teaching, research, and extension focused on meeting the public and collective interests of society/the common good and not the private/market interests.
O processo de metropolização em Sorocaba e sua hinterlândia: análise a partir dos eixos de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-05) Garramona, Rofecele Teixeira; SIlva, Carlos Henrique Costa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444248390841543; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0338116140408122
Brazilian urban space has become the target of studies regarding metropolitan dynamics in the current period, where we consider that it is now equipped with new artifacts that give it characteristics never seen before, such as the change in focus on the economy, passing from the secondary to the tertiary sector and the intense circulation of information, capital, products and people, which begin to require new structures and dictate new rhythms in these spaces. The metropolitan phenomenon becomes the target of public policies that distort its main characteristics, where we notice a growing number of locations considered metropolitan in the legislative sphere, but which do not come close to these attributes in their daily lives, and let the priority of state interests appear in the issue of planning and territorial ordering, leaving open an extensive margin for the legislative power to dictate the rules of what would be the constituent municipalities of a metropolitan region. In our research we will analyze the case of Sorocaba and its neighboring municipalities, verifying whether there is an integration relationship between them through the phenomena of conurbation, circulation routes (necessary to support the flow of people and goods) and public and private structures that characterize the involvement of this specific region with the metropolization process.
O Método de Prova na Crítica da Razão Pura: o problema da síntese por meros conceitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-06) Arelaro, Ana Letícia; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2781754299800705; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-4033
In the Transcendental Doctrine of the Method of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant characterizes the method of proof he employed in Transcendental Analytics as a transcendental method of synthesis by mere concepts. It is difficult to understand how a synthesis by concepts is possible, as Kant states at various points in the Critique that all synthetic knowledge requires reference to intuition, as is the case with the mathematical method of constructing concepts. This problem had repercussions on German Idealism, so that both Schelling and Fichte argue that Kant, by excluding intuition from the proof method of philosophy, ends up restricting it to the analysis and decomposition of concepts, such as the method of dogmatic metaphysics. However we intend to show that the proof method of the Critique of Pure Reason differs from dogmatism as this method is composed of two steps that go beyond the mere empty conceptual analysis. The first stage is found in the Analysis of Concepts, it is the transcendental deduction that aims to prove the objective validity of the categories; this stage has the essential role of not allowing philosophy, in its tests, to grope among mere empty concepts of objects, even without having any intuition. The second stage lies in proving the principles of understanding the Analytics of Principles; this stage aims to establish synthetic principles a priori, in a synthesis that has as its guiding thread not pure intuition, but possible experience. The present research, in opposition to the reading that Kant would have proposed a method of analytical proof for philosophy, intends to defend that the Critique of Pure Reason proposes in the Transcendental Doctrine of the Method and apply in the Transcendental Analytics a method of discursive synthesis. To this end, we also consider it necessary to investigate part of Kant's pre-critical period.
Efeitos do exercício aeróbio de baixa intensidade e da melatonina nos músculos esquelético e cardíaco de camundongos mdx
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-06) Bonjorno, Reinaldo Carlos; Cornachione, Anabelle Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547232657871313; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7736998168424578
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), affecting 1 in every 5,000 live births, affects the X chromosome, responsible for the synthesis of the dystrophin protein that maintains the stability of the cell membrane, making it resistant to mechanical forces. It causes ruptures, necrosis, and increased serum levels of cytoplasmic enzymes, which activate proteases, stimulating the degeneration of muscle fibers. The diagnosis is made through clinical examinations such as: muscle biopsy, Creatine Kinase (CK), and DNA measurement. Due to recurrent injuries, satellite cells are constantly activated to carry out the tissue repair process. In this way, these cells end up entering an exhaustion process, reducing the “pool” of quiescent cells, and affecting the regenerative process. Physical exercise is an important and low-cost therapy that has been explored in the rehabilitation of patients with DMD. Studies show that a lack of physical activity can determine changes in the functionality of the muscular, cardiac, and respiratory systems. Experimental studies with mdx mice have shown that low-intensity physical exercise increases the expression of CS, muscle mass, and strength and improves tissue cytoarchitecture. In parallel to therapies through physical exercise, DMD is also targeted by drugs. The most common of these is cortisol, a drug that is capable of significantly reducing the degenerative process of muscle fibers, but, on the other hand, causes side effects. Currently, melatonin has become the focus of research in the process of muscle regeneration after injury. Melatonin has several functions in the body, in addition to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Aiming at antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power, studies have shown that patients with DMD have increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and these same authors have found a significant reduction in muscle necrosis markers. Exogenous administration of melatonin has been shown to increase the number of satellite cells and improve the strength and tissue morphology of normal skeletal muscles after physical exercise. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the morphofunctional and biochemical characteristics of dystrophic, skeletal, and cardiac muscles, after treatment with melatonin associated with low-intensity physical exercise. Results: The handgrip test showed that low-intensity aerobic exercise associated with melatonin induced a significant increase in grip strength in mdxTRM animals compared to mdxTR. In the morphological analysis of skeletal and cardiac muscles, it was possible to observe an improvement in the tissue morphology of the animals that were treated with melatonin in relation to the groups that did not receive the i.p. application. of melatonin. Regarding satellite cells, we can observe that the groups that completed the 21 training sessions presented greater PAX7 content, with the mdxTR group being the one that presented greater content compared to all other groups. For myogenin, the mdx and mdxM groups showed higher CS content in the fusion and differentiation phase, when compared to the trained groups. Using the Western Blot technique, we obtained promising results regarding the expression of the utrophin protein in the heart muscle, even without statistical significance.” The procedures imposed separately showed an increase in utrophin content when compared to the mdx group. The association of exercise and melatonin proved to be more efficient in morphology and in increasing the expression of utrophin. Conclusion: Both low-intensity aerobic exercise and melatonin improved the morphology of the psoas and cardiac muscles and also skeletal muscle function and when combined, these morphofunctional characteristics were even more expressive.
Diagnóstico e seleção de modelos com resposta binária e função de ligação assimétrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-06) Coelho, Fabiano Rodrigues; Guzmán, Jorge Luis Bazán; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040998023074358; Novelli, Cibele Maria Russo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-0245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1142248575230930
For binary response variables, probit and logit link functions are widely used. However, when the data is imbalanced, traditional approaches may not be suitable. In this thesis, we consider the skew-probit link function as a potential alternative for models with binary response. The parameters are estimated through a Bayesian approach using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and residual analysis is developed. Additionally, an extension for the case of mixed models is presented, with parameter estimation performed through numerical integration. As a practical application, we analyze two datasets. In both applications, it is possible to observe, through model selection criteria, that the skew-probit regression model is more efficient than traditional approaches. Computationally, for the fixed-effects model, we use the Stan language adapted to the R software. In the mixed case, the INLA methodology is considered. Proposals for future research are also discussed.
Análise de redes sociais de colaboração dos programas de pós-graduação no campo da Geoquímica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Gomes, Verônica de Souza; Silva, Márcia Regina da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2018157322328800; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8376
The characterization of a postgraduate program with a level of excellence goes through an evaluation process with different criteria to demonstrate its performance and its consonance with institutional planning. In Brazil, postgraduate programs are the locus of knowledge production and the process of building science. In this sense, analyzing a program based on scientific production and collaboration practices can reveal the directions that are occurring in science and guide the decisions of policy makers. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the social network of scientific collaboration of Postgraduate Programs in the area of Geosciences related to the field of Geochemistry in Brazil, based on the scientific production of permanent professors from the four-year period (2017-2020), as well as how to map the profile of programs. In this way, the research presents a review of the concepts coined by the Social Studies of Science. The research starts from an exploratory phase, with a quali-quantitative approach, which includes the search for evidence regarding production processes and collaboration in the construction of scientific knowledge. The bibliometric approach and Social Network Analysis are used to analyze the structure of scientific communication and the practices of social actors in the field of Geochemistry. The units of analysis comprise seven Postgraduate Programs – Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Postgraduate Program in Geology at the University of Brasília, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences (Geochemistry and Geotectonics) at the University of São Paulo, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences (Geochemistry) at the Federal University of Fluminense, Postgraduate Program in Geology and Geochemistry at the Federal University of Pará, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Pernambuco , and the Postgraduate Program in Geochemistry: Petroleum and Environment at the Federal University of Bahia. The main sources of information used in the research were the Sucupira Platform and the Lattes Platform. From the results it was possible to map and profile the seven Programs, obtaining a set of indicators of scientific production and teachers based on data from the Lattes Curriculum. Through Social Network Analysis it was possible to identify the actors and structures that strengthen the field of Geochemistry in Brazil. So, the group of actors analyzed in the programs was 220, through the production of 1,567 journal articles indexed in the Web of Science. The actors established collaborative relationships of an intra-interinstitutional nature. In addition to being one of the oldest programs, the Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul was the most significant in terms of scientific production, number of professors, productivity grants, degrees and projects. In the co-authorship network, the central actor of the network was “Elton Luiz Dantas”, professor of the Postgraduate Program in Geology at the University of Brasília. It is believed that the results presented contribute to the understanding of relationships in the field of Geochemistry and provide support for new studies. In this way, Governments, funding agencies and academic institutions can use Social Network Analysis data to make informed decisions about research investments and inter-institutional collaborations.
Menopausa, aspectos psicossociais, sonolência diurna e qualidade de vida em docentes brasileiras: estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Masuda, Helen Mami; Triches, Maria Isabel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9585150764624635; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-8218; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-8981; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093914485420276; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-0871
Menopause is an important phase in the lives of women, especially those in the job market. The teaching category presents a diversity of demands and high qualification and productivity requirements, which can compromise their physical and mental health. Objective: To associate menopause and psychosocial aspects, daytime sleepiness and quality of life in Brazilian teachers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the RESPIRA cohort. Data were collected online using a sociodemographic, occupational and health questionnaire; Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II-Br; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, STOP-Bang and IPAQ-SF. The sample is made up of teachers who work in higher education in Brazilian public educational institutions with an exclusive dedication of 40 hours a week. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis and linear and logistic regression. Results: 411 teachers were included, of which 35.5% reported being in menopause. There was an association between the social relations domain of quality of life (B: -5.15; 95% CI: -9.57 – -0.74), family-work conflicts (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1 .20 – 3.68) and burnout (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.07 – 4.69) with menopause. Conclusion: The findings indicate that it is necessary to seek support strategies for teachers in order to improve social relationships, reduce the psychosocial risk related to burnout symptoms and family-work conflicts, necessary to promote better working conditions, as well as quality and quality of life.
Optimum-path forest in support of collaborative filtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Martins, Guilherme Brandão; Papa, João Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8300636274454060; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-7850
Machine learning algorithms are being applied in various computational challenges, among which Recommender Systems (RS) present a range of techniques and approaches to effectively manage large volumes of data and provide personalized and relevant content to users. Such systems must be able to handle data-related issues such as sparsity, scalability, and the cold start problem and Collaborative Filtering (CF) has traditionally been the primary strategy for addressing those challenges. One way to tackled those problems and improve recommendation results is by leveraging auxiliary information sources to compensate the lack of CF data, such as user-item interactions. However, different interpretations of the mentioned problems should be explored. The current work contributes in the field of machine learning by proposing approaches to address the mentioned challenges. This thesis presents a collection of works developed by the author throughout the research period, which have been published or submitted up to the present, encompassing: (i) a systematic literature review which analyzes and discuss recent deep learning approaches employed for CF under sparse-related conditions, while also identifying the challenges and limitations within the field; (ii) a Matrix Factorization (MF)-based ap- proach that leverages CF-related sparsity for the purpose of classifiers fusion; (iii) an alternative unsupervised Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) designed to perform efficiently in large-scale datasets by employing k-approximate-nearest-neighbors graph as its adjacency relation; and (iv) an OPF clustering model built upon the shared-neighborhood concept to alleviate sparsity and high dimensionality issues during CF-based recommendation. The experimental results achieved through such works corroborate the hypotheses of the present thesis.
“Da árvore do conhecimento, não comereis o fruto”: o caráter neoconservador cristão da Escola sem Partido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Guidotti, Vitor Hugo Rinaldini; Souza, André Ricardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-3117; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3171646123025674; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-8142
The activist association "Escola sem Partido" (ESP) operated from 2004 to 2020, playing a significant role during the major rise of neoconservatism in Brazil. It stood out for its advocacy of agendas aimed at restricting critical perspectives in the field of education. The aim of this research was to address, from a sociological perspective, the Christian neoconservative influence on ESP, exploring the strategies and foundations it mobilized for its activities. To achieve this goal, primary and secondary sources were analyzed, including publications on its website and blog, as well as information from its social media profiles. To analyze the blog content, elements of Textual Discourse Analysis and Categorical Content Analysis were employed. In addition, other materials were studied, such as data from other blogs, social media, and websites with pronounced neoconservative content, public speeches by its founder and leader Miguel Nagib, and reliable official documents and journalistic material. The research results reveal the strong Christian neoconservative influence on ESP, which underpinned its principles and guided its initiatives in the political, educational, religious, and legal fields. It was also possible to observe the mobilization of ESP's agendas, especially during electoral periods, particularly in the 2018 elections. Through this study, gaps in research were identified and addressed, aiming to contribute to a greater sociological understanding of ESP in the context of the rise of the far-right and neoconservatism in Brazil.
Restructuring the smart city from the global south: a structural and dialectical analysis between the virtual and physical urban space
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Figueirôa-Ferreira, Victor Garcia; Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9310248062481932; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-7675
This research critically analyses technology-driven development strategies, whether they are seen as an smart initiative or associated with sustainable, resilient and other characteristics. Also, analyses the impact of information and communication technologies on society, and investigates society's dependence on and need for technological innovations in the urban space. The aim is not to stagnate technological innovation, but to direct it towards serving society, the human aspect of the city. This is an intrinsically transdisciplinary endeavour that considers information and communication studies, political economy, urban studies, urban sociology, governance and theories of governability. This research seeks to understand the consequences of technology-driven development and analyse the physical urban space and its dialectical relationship with the virtual environment and its technologies, as well as the reconfiguration of the relations developed in these dimensions, the dynamics of power, the mechanisms of governance, governability and planning of the technologically expanded virtual space, especially in the context of the Global South. Thus, three original aspects of this research can be highlighted: (1) a theoretical framework that contributes to the analyses carried out in the thesis, due to its transdisciplinary and frontier nature; (2) the restructure of the understanding of smart cities through a Global South perspective; and (3) based on the material reality, prepare the ground for strategies, tactics, and future researches to further the comprehension of the smart cities and enable subversive changes.
A constituição do Orientador Pedagógico: entre saberes e fazeres da profissão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Oliveira, Priscila Borges Ribeiro; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-4345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2922981803308609; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8314-2608
This research focused on the search to understand the constitution of the Pedagogical Advisor in the Municipal Network of Sorocaba, as historical subjects in everyday school life, with specific and distinct function of the teacher, considered from two links of the profession: the knowing and the doing. The qualitative and interpretative approach problematizes the field tilting the look at the gaps and the distances between theory and practice, the needs of reality and the relationship between the elements of professional development of these subjects. The theoretical pillars are based on: Placco and Almeida (2015), Placco, Souza and Almeida (2012), conceptualizing this professional as a mediator who directs actions, aiming to transform school actions, aware that his work is not done in isolation, but collectively and in Tardif (2002) which sustains us on the concept of knowledge, as a basis for action and professional training. As a methodological instrument to analyze and interpret the data, we opted for Data Triangulation, built in its complexity, depth and diversity, organized in descriptive and analytical chapters, built from three methodological instruments: the Documentary Study, collating the documents produced by the municipal network, the documents and the laws that cross the knowledge and the training and professional development and the Conversation Wheel ending the methodological process, in a dialogic, meaningful movement, full of reflection and emotion, providing time and voice to participants, beginners and experienced professionals, different types of education. Intertwined in the daily pedagogical performance of the Pedagogical Advisor, we consider the links (knowledge and actions), from the understanding of reality and analysis of the data together with the results and the Consider-Actions, intend to present tessituras on the constitution of the Pedagogical Advisor, considering the knowledge and the doings, as well as elucidate possible contributions to the expansion of knowledge of the field, highlighting the inferences, possibilities that can favor the professional constitution, with regard to guiding, coordinating, articulating, forming and transforming. The production translates the search for answers, alongside the academic and social relevance, starting from the assumptions and the standpoint, revealing experiences and experiences along the trajectory of the researcher as a Pedagogical and professional advisor of education in the public network of Sorocaba. As an artistic-literary device during the course of this production, excerpts, and moments recorded in Cordel’s Literature, the result of reading, re-reading, revisiting and re-signification of the researcher’s 'Memoriel', while looking at the understanding of this professional constitution, knowledge and doing, intertwine and generate new ones, building shortcuts, shortening distances, trimming edges and reducing gaps, the commonplace of these professionals.