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O conceito de educação bilíngue sob a visão de Jim Cummins e Merill Swain: uma análise do livro “Bilinguismo na educação”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Tronco, Mariah Cruz de Souza; Marigo, Adriana Fernandes Coimbra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4014738511373573; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-3478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5398317513657506
This monograph presents the result of bibliographical research developed through content analysis of the book “Bilingualism in Education” (Cummins; Swain, 1986). Its general objective was to understand the concept of bilingual education in contemporary times from the perspective of Jim Cummins and Merrill Swain. Its specific objectives were: I. Identify the bilingual radical* in the work and the context units in which it is present; II. Recognize the authors' theoretical bases on which they support linguistic proficiency in the first and second language; III. Gather determining factors of bilingual education for academic success and failure. IV. Establish connections between the book's content and the reality of Brazilian bilingual education. Along the methodological path, an initial categorization of the record units identified was carried out based on the separation by sections of the book and, subsequently, a final categorization which gave rise to subcategories used as a basis for the author's inference. The theoretical framework was based on the Dialogic Education Model (Aubert et al, 2016), which highlights the transformative potential of education as an instrument for reducing social inequalities. As a result, a synthesis of the chapters and the categorization of registration units were carried out: I. Scientific research on bilingualism (characteristics and theoretical views); II. Benefits of bilingualism for cognition; III. Bilingualism and academic performance; IV. Dualities attributed to bilingualism V. Language proficiency (Testing and analysis) VI. Evaluation of bilinguals in standardized tests VII. Characteristics of bilingual programs. Furthermore, subcategories were created followed by an inference that related the following categories to the theoretical framework and the Brazilian scenario. The analysis concluded that additive bilingualism has advantages for cognitive and academic development and the existence of an urgency to end the stigmas that affect less socially privileged languages.
O obstáculo do solipsismo em o ser e o nada: Sartre entre realismo e idealismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Pizelli, Fabrício Rodrigues; Marques, Silene Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-7381; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0949416089896555; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-3469
Dans cette mémoire de master, nous cherchons à aborder dans quelle mesure l'ontologie phénoménologique de Jean-Paul Sartre surmonte le problème du solipsisme dans L'être et le néant. Dans ce but, en utilisant les écrits théoriques de Sartre antérieurs à l'ontologie de 1943, qui composent l'état de la question du solipsisme, nous avons l'intention d'analyser comment la réponse de Sartre à la question de l'existence d'autres consciences est établie dans L'être et le néant, étant donné que cette oeuvre se caractérise par marquer la phase mature de la phénoménologie de l'auteur, initialement développée dans les années trente. Ainsi, étant donné que la première tentative de surmonter le problème du solipsisme, présentée dans La transcendance de l'Ego en 1936, est considérée comme insuffisante par le phénoménologue français, nous cherchons à examiner sa deuxième réponse au problème du solipsisme dans L'être et le néant, afin de situer la phénoménologie de Sartre dans le débat entre réalisme et idéalisme. En effet, étant donné que l'ontologie de 1943 est une étape clé de la maturation théorique de Sartre, nous présentons ici le parcours philosophique de l'auteur dans son approche renouvelée du problème du solipsisme.
Novas perspectivas para o Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador e Dieta de Saúde Planetária no Brasil na era Antropocênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Miller, Tânia Corrêa; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8520773831885713; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-392X
It is widely recognized that the global food system is unsustainable, especially after the industrialization of agriculture, which is currently based on neoproductivism. A multidisciplinary team, the EAT-Lancet Commission, composed of experts from different fields of health, agricultural, as well as, political and environmental scientists, has developed global scientific targets for the sustainable production of healthy food and diets, the so-called Planetary Health diet, based on the best available evidence. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Planetary Health Diet and to propose a gradual adaptation for the Brazilian population, particularizing the area of Nutrition in Collective Feeding, with emphasis on the Workers' Food Program. This research belongs to the area of science, technology, and society and has an exploratory and comparative character, using the method of bibliographic and documentary research, with approaches to texts and books from the perspective of Bruno Latour and Ailton Krenak in dialog with other authors. The authors challenge us to develop other forms of modus operandi to face the “ecological mutation” in the New Climate Regime with greater clarity. From this perspective, the intersections of Nutrition science in the 21st century are identified, with the idea of reorientation to the vector that Latour calls “Terrestrial”, as a new political actor in the Anthropocene period. The comparative analysis of the Planetary Health diet and personal food consumption in Brazil revealed a high consumption of beef, lamb, and added sugars and a low consumption of fruit, vegetables, added fats, and oilseeds. As a result, an adaptation of this diet was proposed for the Brazilian population, based on the current guidelines of the Food Guide, highlighting the need to buy food from sustainable systems of production to feed workers, as well as updating the nutritional requirements of the Workers' Food Program. Given the current scenario, where everything is making us rethink our own existence on the planet, there is an urgent need to realign food systems and food consumption. The main challenge is to develop public policies that are compatible with the goals of sustainability to ensure food and nutrition security, with the responsible participation of all. Policymakers, public health professionals, nutritionists, scientists from the environmental and human fields, and civil society can form a transdisciplinary working group for decision-making resulting in develop evidence-based policy. It is expected that this research can contribute to nutrition increasingly becoming the subject of interdisciplinary scientific research in the fields of science, technology, and society.
Narrativas de egressos de cursos de licenciatura na Rede de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento da Docência (ReAD) da UFSCar: caminhos e possibilidades formativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Ferreira Filho, Antonio Carlos; Anunciato, Rosa Maria Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-411X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3621308634274513; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4718-2730
The theme of this study explores the experiences lived by graduates of teaching degree programs throughout their formative journeys in an online collaborative learning network called the Teaching and Development Learning Network (ReAD) between the years 2016 and 2019. ReAD brings together teaching degree students and teachers at different career stages, fostering intergenerational dialogue in formative activities, discussions, and the exchange of knowledge and experiences among participants. This investigation originated from the following guiding question: How do graduates of teaching degree programs analyze the experiences lived during their formative journey in the Teaching and Development Learning Network (ReAD), and how did these experiences contribute to their subsequent learning and professional practices? The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and data were collected through online questionnaires, digital narratives written in ReAD, and online narrative interviews. The study involved 32 participants, with online narrative interviews conducted with 10 of them, highlighting recollections and reflections on their journeys in ReAD. The organization and analysis of the data were supported by Content Analysis, where we established an analysis axis consisting of four categories aligned with the research question and the general objective of the investigation: a) Motivations and expectations: the paths to ReAD; b) Recollections and reflections: teaching in ReAD's formative actions; c) Perspectives on teaching practice: experiences, challenges, and understandings after ReAD; d) Possibilities and potentialities of ReAD: participants' perspectives on their formative journeys. The results highlighted how participants carefully and maturely assessed their formative journeys in ReAD, reaffirming convictions about being a teacher and attributing new meanings to what was explored in the modules over time and through personal, professional, and academic experiences after ReAD. The results also revealed that, from the participants' perspective, formative actions contributed to their practical professional learning. Participants emphasized the activities carried out in ReAD aligned with the reality of teaching practice, as well as dialogues and sharing experiences with novice, experienced, and research-oriented teachers cooperatively in a professional socialization environment, conducive to teacher learning in a receptive manner with support and understanding of the dilemmas, feelings, and challenges of teaching. Furthermore, participants described ReAD as an innovative formative experience for learning about/for teaching. They pointed out the possibilities and potentialities of the activities conducted during the modules, as well as the distinctive nature of the intergenerational relationship established among participants at different stages of their teaching careers.
Aplicação de métodos de redução de dimensionalidade não lineares em classificadores paramétricos e não paramétricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-04) Hirasawa, João Gabriel Viana; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5009735422150540
Much of the data collected and used in machine learning applications is structured in high-dimensional spaces. Images, text documents and sensor data are some examples of data collected all the time, and whose number of attributes can easily exceed the number of samples in the set. As a consequence, the curse of dimensionality requires the study of ways to mitigate negative effects in models that use these high-dimensional data sets. One solution to deal with this is dimensionality reduction methods, which seek to generate representations with a more tangible number of dimensions, minimizing the loss of information. In this way, the use of such methods within machine learning becomes a field with potential, as they simplify the structure of the data that feeds the models. This work aimed to evaluate the use of different non-linear dimensionality reduction methods together with parametric and non-parametric models in classification tasks. UMAP and PaCMAP were used on high-dimensional data sets, available on the OpenML platform, and the classification performance of the Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Gaussian Naive Bayes, k-NN and XGBoost models was evaluated. The results obtained show an improvement in performance for parametric models, mainly with the use of the supervised implementation of UMAP. Although they were not as effective in a more robust and heavy model, XGBoost, the use of the methods represented an improvement in the model's execution time, which indicates an opportunity for application and study in these situations.