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Movimentos (auto)biográficos: contribuições de uma pesquisa-vida-formação em contexto pandêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Meletti, Claudia Maria Duran; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-459X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2055703981914239; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5309-8051
Tomando el año 2020, el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19, como contexto, esta investigación analiza el conjunto de narrativas (auto)biográficas de tres docentes y tres administradores escolares de educación básica, participantes en la Actividad Curricular Integradora Enseñanza Investigación Extensión (ACIEPE) 'Reflexionando sobre Narrativas Educativas, Formación y Trabajo Docente con Profesionales de la Educación en el Contexto de COVID-19', propuesta por el Programa de Posgrado en Educación de la Universidad Federal de São Carlos en colaboración con la Universidad Federal de Ouro Preto, de mayo a julio de 2020. El estudio tiene como objetivo destacar las relaciones presentes en sus narrativas y comprender cómo, a través de la escritura, los participantes resignifican las experiencias vividas en el contexto pandémico y cómo las sitúan en su historia. Dividida en cuatro movimientos de escritura que transitan entre procesos de autoformación y formación docente, la investigación se sitúa en el campo del conocimiento de la investigación (auto)biográfica, bajo la perspectiva epistemopolítica, posdisciplinaria y decolonial de la investigación propuesta por Passeggi y Souza. Considerando el paradigma biográfico como supuesto teórico, el Primer Movimiento discute la autoformación a partir de la actividad (auto)biográfica de la investigadora en diálogo con los escritos de Santos y Dunker (2020), autores que reflexionaron y escribieron sobre el escenario pandémico, y con la hermenéutica del sí mismo propuesta por Ricœur. El Segundo Movimiento discute la formación docente a partir de la experiencia vivida en ACIEPE, y contextualiza el significado del término investigación-vida-formación, adoptado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 por el Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones sobre Narrativas, Formación y Trabajo Docente (NEPEN) de la Universidad Federal de São Carlos - Campus Sorocaba. En el tejido de esta escritura, son protagonistas los escritos de Pineau; Josso, Delory-Momberger; Passeggi; Brito y Nakayama, entre otros autores, así como los estudios de Breton, desde la perspectiva de construir una epistemología narrativa, y de Souza, desde una perspectiva comprensiva-interpretativa, referencias teórico-metodológicas para el análisis propuesto. El Tercer Movimiento recorre el camino del análisis, propuesto en tres tiempos de lectura-escritura que revelan el perfil biográfico, los modos de existir y resistir en el escenario pandémico, y las subjetividades que emergen del texto de cada participante. Los hallazgos, ubicados en un diálogo cruzado, discuten las dinámicas que permiten comprender dos aspectos relacionados con el contenido de la experiencia: la construcción de la trama, considerando la predominancia entre la dimensión episódica y la dimensión de configuración, y los procesos inferenciales, considerando la predominancia de dinámicas de deducción/inducción o de transducción/abducción. A través de la lectura-escucha del conjunto de narrativas de los participantes en ACIEPE, se observó que, para que la reflexividad biográfica se convierta en historia vivida, reflexionada y narrada, es necesario configurarla a través del lenguaje y reconfigurarla a través de la autolectura, en un movimiento hermenéutico y epistémico que resulta ser (auto)transformador. El Cuarto Movimiento rescata el compromiso epistemopolítico de la investigadora en diálogo con Morin y Freire y enuncia una perspectiva de autoformación y formación docente fundamentada en una epistemología narrativa que, en espacios/tiempos de investigación-vida-formación, fortalece una praxis encarnada en la vida y humanizada por la solidaridad y la pertenencia a una comunidad planetaria.
Avaliação da resistência de variedades de milho a Dalbulus maidis (Delong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Souza, Ruana Regina Negrão de Souza; Marques, Rodrigo Neves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-3706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5972342933616556; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8822-7856
The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Delong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is an important pest in corn crops, capable to cause direct damage through its feeding, and dissemination of three important phytopathogens to corn plants: Maize Bushy Stunt Phytoplasma (MBSP), Spiroplasma kunkelii and Maize Rayado Fino Virus (MRFV). The use of insect-resistant plants is a sustainable and strategically efficient control method for controlling pests and diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance of different varieties of creole corn to Dalbulus maidis. The attractiveness of corn plants to D. maidis for food and/or shelter and the preference for oviposition with and without choice was verified. The antibiosis tests verified the effects on the development of the stages of D. maidis in the different varieties, based on the parameters: nymphal period, period from egg to adult, nymphal mortality and insect longevity. The damage caused by D. maidis to corn plants was verified, as well as the responses of corn varieties to MBSP infection. The “IAC AIRAN” and “Amarelo Astecão” varieties presented the highest averages of adult preference compared to “Pipoca Roxo Kika”, which was the least preferred. D. maidis females, in the no-choice test, oviposited more in the “Al Bandeirante” variety compared to “Amarelo Astecão”, which had the lowest average number of eggs. For oviposition tests with a chance of choice, there was no statistically significant difference. In the antibiosis tests, the insects fed on “NS 90 PRO 2” presented the longest nymphal period and the insects in “Pipoca Roxo Kika”, the longest period of development, compared to the insects in “Branco Pedro 2”. The insects in “Amarelo Laleska”, “Amarelo Astecão”, “NS 90 PRO 2”, “Pipoca Roxo Kika” and “Vermelho Pedro” showed the lowest longevity compared to insects from “Al Bandeirante”. In the tolerance test, the percentage growth data and visual scale of damage did not show a statistically significant difference. In tests on plant response to phytoplasma infection, it was shown that 100% of “Pipoca Roxo Kika” plants died, 60% of “Al Bandeirante”, “Amarelo Laleska”, “Branco Pedro 2” and “NS 90 PRO 2” plants did not show any apparent symptoms, 20% showed mild symptoms of yellowing and/or reddening and tillering and the other 20% died. Regarding plant heights, the averages did not show statistically significant differences. After applying a multivariate statistical test, a dendrogram was obtained that indicated the formation of two main groups, which can be characterized as the groups of susceptible varieties and resistant varieties. Therefore, the results of this research may have found sources of resistance in corn plants, which can help control D. maidis, as some varieties stood out for presenting characteristics that directly interfere with the reproduction and development of the insect pest, which can contribute to the choice of materials to be cultivated in the field, in addition to guiding corn genetic improvement programs for plant resistance to insects.
Modelagem de predição de crimes na região metropolitana de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Zhao, Wellington Yunahe; Novelli, Cibele Maria Russo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1011098065426388; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-0245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930819211104088
The issue of public security is a challenge for Brazilian society, and crime is a major concern for the most populous state in the country, São Paulo. It is always desirable for the public administration to model and predict criminal trends, taking into account historical dates and the georeferencing of each municipality, meaning latitude and longitude. In this context, the use of spatiotemporal models to explain the relationship between predictors and crimes, as well as considering location, can be of great importance. One possible model is Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) modeling, which takes into account covariates and implicit spatial dependencies. In this work, based on the number of crimes, SAR modeling is used to describe and model the cities in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, including the annual seasonality observed in the data. To visualize the data and develop modeling with the spatial neighborhood matrix, R packages such as spatialreg are used. The Lasso method is used to pre-select variables with greater significance, such as the number of inhabitants per household, the dropout rate, and the public elementary school dropout rate in the early years. Then, the SAR model is applied to include spatial information and enhance crime modeling. In general, this work focuses on developing spatiotemporal modeling for crimes in the state of São Paulo, identifying predictor variables that influence the quantity of crimes in a given municipality. In addition to the SAR model, artificial neural networks, such as multilayer models and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are also used in the research, and compared with the SAR model. The goal of this dissertation is to develop predictive modeling considering spatiotemporal data for crimes in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, using predictor variables that influence the occurrence and quantity of crimes in a particular municipality. It is expected that the obtained results are useful for decision making by public administration, since the work creates a method to analyze crime patterns in a specific municipality, and also helps the city improve security issues through various social factors.
Análise sobre o fator temporal em tarefas de quantificação com dados textuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Ueno, Caio Luiggy Riyoichi Sawada; Silva, Diego Furtado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7662777934692986; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9717643867450173
The quantification task, a recently discovered field in machine learning, estimates the class distribution of a dataset. Usually, quantification tasks are solved through classifica- tion, an inducted classifier predicts each instance on the set and then counts how many were labeled for each class - this approach is also known as Classify and Count. However, the Classify and Count approach shows poor results as soon as the class distribution of the test set differs from the class distribution of the training set. Thus, specific algorithms and models have been proposed to solve quantification problems accurately. It is really common to analyze big data through time. In text domains, as the Twitter platform, which have a large set of unstructured data being generate at every instant, it is challenging to extract useful and summarized information at the same time. Besides, text domains show specific characteristics that increase the complexity of how those infor- mation are extracted. A popular analysis is to discovery trending topics or how people’s opinion about a specific topic. To do this, it is possible to use quantification methods to categorize and consequently summarize a massive number of texts. The proposal of this work is to make an analysis about textual quantification pro- blems distributed over time. More precisely, this work intent to evaluate how time affects the perfomance of quantification models. Three different approaches were evaluated to understand the impact of time: training only once the quantification model; update the model periodically, thus decreasing its time lag; and a forecasting approach, using regres- sion models. This research presents some intereseting conclusions which show that there are some peculiarities in these evaluated datasets and that state-of-the-art models may not present the best performances as expected.
O Pnaic e as práticas pedagógicas de professoras alfabetizadoras: uma revisão bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Barcella, Rosana Aparecida Motta; Sisla, Heloisa Chalmers; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446133131561056; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-4493; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0624191122302340; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2504-5888
This research conducted a bibliographic survey of Brazilian dissertations between 2018 and 2022 on the contributions and challenges of the National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC) to the continued education of early years literacy teachers. The PNAIC was characterized as a commitment between the Union, municipalities, states, and public universities to offer continued education to teachers, meeting goal five of the National Education Plan (PNE) to literacy all children by the end of the third year of elementary school. The research included theoretical contributions from researchers such as Soares, Mortatti, Kleiman, Santos, Mendonça, and Albuquerque. The BDTD and CAPES databases were used, with the descriptor "PNAIC AND TEACHERS". The results indicated significant contributions of the PNAIC to literacy practices, such as alignment with the BNCC, online accessibility, integration between theory and practice, emphasis on literacy, and exchange of experiences among teachers, resulting in improvements in pedagogical practices and educational outcomes. Limitations included difficulties in understanding textual genres, use of inadequate approaches, lack of alignment with guidelines, persistence of traditional methods, excessive reliance on IDEB in evaluation, need for more comprehensive indicators, lack of material exploration, inefficiency in motivation, superficial approach to topics, and administration and resource problems. It was concluded that it is essential to continuously review and adapt educational policies and continued education programs, such as the PNAIC, to improve teaching practices and meet regional diversity.
Educação em Foco: entrevista Petronilha B. G. e Silva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-13) Santos, Tarlei de Lima; Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248; Burini, Débora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3581804746301862
Considering the implementation of Affirm Actions - such as the reservation of job vacancies for blacks in higher education -, the relatively recent public policies and, therefore, the natural production opposition of conservatives and reactionaries in society, this aims at a podcasting that seeks to promote the society Young people from the lower classes recognize and use their rights to reserve places in universities. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the social recognition of the legality of affirmative actions to reserve vacancies. In order to do so, we interviewed a researcher of recognized authority on the subject: Petronilha B. G. e Silva - former counselor of the Higher Education Education Chamber of the National Council of Education and rapporteur of the Opinion CNC/CP 3/2004 that establishes the National Guidelines for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations and for the Teaching of Afro Brazilian and African History and Culture. As for the method, we chose the oral genres: scientific interview and life experience report; we opted for the narrative structure understood as deductive. Thus, considering that the burden of argument is on those who intend to establish policies of action, the interview was prepared in order to obtain an exposition of the argument, later an account of the historical process of formation of Brazilian society and, finally, the back to the initial argument.