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Grade curricular e educação inclusiva: cursos de Licenciatura em Química, Física e Ciências Biológicas das universidades estaduais nas regiões Sudeste e Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Sposito, Ana Paula; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
Brazilian legislation guarantees the right to education for all, including people with disabilities. The Brazilian Inclusion Law (2015), also known as the Statute of Persons with Disabilities, reinforces this guarantee. Despite advances, such as the Salamanca Declaration (1994) and the LDB (1996), school inclusion still faces challenges. The 2002 National Curricular Guidelines emphasize the importance of teacher training focused on diversity. The effective implementation of inclusion requires more than laws: it requires valuing the subject and pedagogical practices that respect differences. Thus, this study analyzed the curricular matrices and syllabuses of the Bachelor's Degree courses in Chemistry, Physics, and Biological Sciences at state universities in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil, in order to verify the presence of Inclusive Education in initial teacher training. The research, of a qualitative and documentary nature, was based on the Course Pedagogical Projects (PPCs), located on institutional websites and mapped via e-MEC. The study followed steps such as a bibliographic survey, course mapping, collection of PPCs by sampling (one state per region) and analysis of disciplines focused on Inclusive Education. The results revealed that the workload of these disciplines is reduced (between 1% and 3%) and generally focused on teaching LIBRAS, with little attention to other dimensions of inclusion, such as multiple disabilities, ASD and giftedness. This limitation highlights a gap in initial training, contrary to national guidelines. It is concluded that it is urgent to expand and qualify the approach to Inclusive Education in undergraduate courses in Science, promoting training that is more sensitive to the diversity of classrooms.
Expressão, purificação e caracterização estrutural dos mutantes truncados da Hsp70-escort protein 1 humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Gomes, Maria Júlia Mattos; Teixeira, Felipe Roberti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3568850159381693; Borges, Júlio Cesar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033516785481779; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7821310496181317
The 70 kDa Heat shock protein (Hsp70 or HSPA in humans) is a highly conserved family of molecular chaperones that is expressed in various cellular compartments and is associated with several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Among HSPAs, the mitochondrial HSPA (HSPA9 or mortalin) plays a crucial role in the import of proteins synthesized in the cytosol into the mitochondria. This function requires interaction with a specific co-chaperone called human Hsp70-escort protein 1 (hHep1), whose L-shaped structure, containing a "zinc finger" domain, is fundamental for such interactions. hHep1 holds great importance in the maintenance of HSPA9 and HSPA1A (human Hsp701A) solubility, as well as the remodeling and stimulation of their ATPase activity. It is present in both the mitochondria and the cell nucleus, where it interacts with HSPAs such as HSPA1A. Due to its role in HSPA homeostasis, this study aimed to express, purify, and characterize hHep1 mutants with truncated N- and C-terminal regions to identify the primary regions responsible for its function. The hHep1-Core mutant, containing the "zinc finger" domain, was also studied to elucidate its structural and functional roles. The secondary and tertiary structures of the hHep1-Ndel, hHep1-Cdel, and hHep1-Core mutants were investigated using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The results revealed similarities in structure between the hHep1-Ndel and hHep1Δmts mutants, as well as between the hHep1-Cdel and hHep1-Core mutants. Moreover, the stability of the proteins was demonstrated for up to 72 hours, and their resistance to denaturing agents was demonstrated, with Cm values of 1.4 M, 1.9 M, and 1.5 M for hHep1-Ndel, hHep1-Cdel, and hHep1-Core, respectively. The size and shape of the mutants were also analyzed using analytical size exclusion chromatography, revealing that all proteins were monomeric, and that hHep1-Core had a more globular structure compared to the complete structure. The study concluded that the methods and conditions used were suitable for the expression, purification, and characterization of these recombinant proteins, providing a valuable contribution to the field of research.
Utilização de algoritmos de classificação para diagnóstico de diabetes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Oliveira, Larissa de; Cerqueira, Andressa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1934493281651316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5040632244527659
The undergraduate thesis consists of the study of binary classification algorithms for diagnosing diabetes based on clinical data and physical activity data. For this purpose, we will accomplish a statistical and conceptual definition of the problem and obtain the results from the methods of Logistic Regression and Classification Trees. All computational applications will be done using the R programming language.
Monitoramento de estruturas metálicas submetidas a variação do torque de aperto em elementos de fixação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Santos, Bruno Pilon; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
The integrity of a structure is influenced by a series of factors that play crucial roles in ensuring reliability and safety. Among these factors, fasteners assume particular importance in structural systems. The proper condition of these elements is fundamental for their effective application. A common example is the use of screws with specified torques for each type of application; thus, if any screw has a torque different from the specified one, it can compromise the integrity of the entire structure. Therefore, monitoring these factors is crucial to predict damage and maintenance in structural components, aiming to increase the longevity and safety of systems in general. This monitoring is done through sensors implemented to measure vibrations and identify changes in vibratory parameters throughout the structure's life span. In this study, the effects of torque variation on fastening elements such as screws in a 2-degree-of-freedom system were analyzed by monitoring the structure's vibration signals with the aid of piezoelectric sensors. At the end of the study, it was possible to identify variations in vibration parameters caused by the loosening of the fastening elements of the structure through sensory analysis. Tests with different torque configurations showed that the method was effective in identifying torque variations, especially when the screws were fully loosened. This enables the detection of possible loosening of screws in metallic structures, thus contributing to the technique of monitoring structural integrity.
Design responsivo na arquitetura da informação em múltiplos dispositivos: uma análise do sistema SIGA/UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Dalmazo, Herisson José; Nhacuongue, Januário Albino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372192175262438; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-1306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9094110587689108
We live in the era that can be called post-computers, the use of smartphones, tablets and smart TVs has grown exponentially in recent years. This process was intensified during social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased adoption of remote work and distance learning. In this scenario, there is a need to ensure that digital information environments are displayed and can be used in any context, that is, regardless of the device. Therefore, one of the strategies to achieve this objective is by applying the Responsive Design approach during the creation and development of these environments. With that said, this work is developed based on the following investigative question: how can the absence of Responsive Design in digital information environments impact information architecture, usability and user experience? With this question, it aims to analyze the attributes of Responsive Design for interaction and usability in the informational architecture of digital informational environments. This is a qualitative-quantitative research with an exploratory objective, conducted through bibliographical research through specialized literature to understand the areas of Information Architecture, Interaction Design, User-Centered Design and Responsive Design; and an analysis of the information architecture and responsiveness of the SIGA/UFSCar system, in accordance with the good practices identified. As a result, it was observed that the analyzed system does not have a responsive approach, making it essential to convert the current environment to a fluid design or create a new environment with a user-centered perspective. Furthermore, it is concluded that there are other responsiveness factors that were not considered in this work, therefore further research is necessary to address all the factors and limitations presented.
Caracterização das regulações motivacionais para o exercício em pacientes após hospitalização por exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: um estudo observacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Araujo, Gustavo Henrique Guimarães; Matias, Thiago Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6357439651009907; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-3776; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2657; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0580785444998717; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-0499
Exacerbations of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) represent significant events in the course of the disease, with negative impacts on functionality, levels of physical activity, and anxiety and depression levels. Characterizing and understanding behavioral regulations and basic psychological needs in physical exercise can be useful in structuring more effective and tailored interventions for behavioral change involving physical exercise. Objective: To describe the motivational regulations and basic psychological needs for exercise in individuals after ECOPD. Methods: Twenty-seven individuals were included at the time of hospital discharge due to ECOPD. They were assessed for motivational regulations for physical exercise and fulfillment of basic psychological needs. Information was also obtained on limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) and symptoms of anxiety and depression through the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2), Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) respectively, and physical activity levels were obtained using the Activ PALM3® accelerometer. Seven days after hospital discharge, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was conducted to evaluate exercise capacity, in addition to obtaining clinical and demographic data from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics were performed, with normally distributed variables described as mean and standard deviation, and non-normally distributed variables as median and interquartile range. Pearson and Spearman correlations were used according to the normality of the data. Results: The majority of the patients involved were female (n = 18; 66.7%), with the disease severity classified mostly as GOLD III (n = 12; 44.4%). Regarding physical activity, 19 (70.7%) were inactive (< 5000 steps). As the main result, identified regulation was higher in patients, 3 (2 – 3), followed by intrinsic regulation 2 (0.5 – 3). Greater fulfillment of the basic psychological needs of relatedness (3.8 ± 0.9) and competence (3.6 ± 0.9) was observed. Associations were identified between identified regulation and forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1 % predicted) (r = 0.409; p = 0.034); self-determination index and CAT (COPD Assessment Test) (r = -0.449; p = 0.019); DASI and identified regulation (r = 0.386; p = 0.047), introjected regulation and intrinsic regulation with anxiety and depression symptoms respectively (r = 0.449; p = 0.019; r = 0.415; p = 0.031). Conclusion: After ECOPD, individuals with COPD demonstrate lower self-determination for physical exercise, even recognizing its benefits and having social support. This low self-determination index may explain the physical inactivity after hospital discharge, with an average step count below 5000. Future studies should focus on interventions based on behavior theories to improve motivation and explore the impact of anxiety and depression on adherence to post-discharge exercise programs.
A utilização de Redes Neurais Artificiais no estudo da Constante de Acoplamento da Cromodinâmica Quântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Mion, Sara Fernanda de Jesus; Cantão, Renato Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016268479248046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822948934985654
Computational algorithms and their advancements have brought increased comfort to society. One standout algorithm is machine learning, utilized not only in everyday tasks such as search mechanisms and text translation but also in the analysis of soy crops. Although its use in the field of particle physics and high-energy physics is currently limited, it holds promise. Quantum Chromodynamics is the theory of the Standard Model that explores the interaction of color-carrying particles: quarks and gluons. Despite being well-established in the perturbative regime, there is still much to study in the non-perturbative regime. From this perspective, the present work explores the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically neural networks, to investigate the coupling constant in the non-perturbative regime. Different network architectures, including Feed Forward and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), were studied using activation functions such as ReLU, Sigmoid, Hyperbolic Tangent, and ELU.
Impressão 3D para fins de reparo ósseo: uma revisão da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Guimarães, Stephany Castor dos Santos; Rossi, Karina Nogueira Zambone Pinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705154788194140; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-9889; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0731162985991223; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5906-9825
Bone fractures are a common condition that can affect people of all ages, often caused by trauma such as falls or accidents, or by diseases. The bone healing process is highly regulated, involving cells and growth factors. Poor fracture recovery can lead to consequences such as inadequate bone calluses and nonunion. Current treatments include immobilization, bone grafts, and surgical interventions. However, new therapies are being developed to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been studied for the development of biomimetic structures that promote tissue repair. This narrative review aimed to investigate the current uses of three-dimensional (3D) technology in medicine, regarding the development and applicability of biomaterials for the production of scaffolds in in vitro and in vivo bone repair. This literature review was conducted through searches in the SciELO virtual library and the Science Direct and PubMed databases, selecting articles published in the last 5 years. The keywords used were: "three-dimensional printing," "bio-printing," "regenerative medicine," "tissue engineering," and their equivalents in Portuguese. Biomaterials play a crucial role in 3D printing for bone repair. Among them, titanium is widely used due to its biocompatibility and strength. Hydrogels are another important category, offering a structure similar to the extracellular matrix and facilitating bone regeneration. Additionally, bio-silica, derived from natural sources, stands out due to its bioactive properties and ability to promote bone mineralization. These biomaterials are essential for 3D printing of customized implants, offering promising solutions for bone repair and the development of new regenerative therapies.We believe that in the future, 3D printing technology-printed scaffolds may replace conventional treatments and are expected to become more commercially attractive, thus more accessible to the public.
Mirmecofauna em áreas em estágio inicial de restauração florestal sob diferentes manejos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Oliveira, Gabriele Thais de; Providello, Alexandra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5614123753434396; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2631818493973507
The ants represent a rich and abundant group of insects and are highly influenced by the heterogeneity of the environment, so environments with greater vegetal complexity offer better conditions for the ant fauna. The objective was to verify if different types of weed control and the use of fertilizers influence the dynamics of the ant fauna in terms of abundance and richness. The study was conducted in an initial restoration area located at UFSCar, in Araras, SP. The following treatments were adopted: intensive weed control with the use of fertilizers; intensive weed control without the use of fertilizers; non-intensive weed control with the use of fertilizers; non-intensive weed control without the use of fertilizers. Three collections of the ant fauna were carried out using pitfall traps between 2019 and 2020, and they were identified at a categorical level of species/morphospecies. The interaction between "weed management" and "fertilization or its absence" on the abundance and richness of ants was evaluated. A total of 6,731 ants were sampled, distributed in six subfamilies, 10 genera, and 14 species/morphospecies. The most frequent species were Dorymyrmex brunneus Forel, 1908 (56.63%), Atta sexdens Forel, 1908 (23.84%), Brachymyrmex admotus Mayr, 1887 (11.08%), and Pheidole oxyops Forel, 1908 (7.70%). Abundance was negatively affected by intensive management with fertilization. For richness, the Tukey test showed no significant difference for either weed management or fertilization. In the collection design used, the ant fauna could not be adopted as a secondary parameter for measuring the success of forest restoration in initial stage areas. These results suggest that considering the collections made and the evaluation period, our experiments could be the starting point for future studies to assess the dynamics of the ant fauna in areas in the initial stage of forest restoration.
Responsabilidade social na Ciência da Informação: uma análise a partir da Brapci
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Souza, Vanessa Maria; Dal'Evedove, Paula Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170937498266968
Understanding Information Science as an essentially social field, the understanding of the concept of social responsibility that prevails in Brazilian literature is highlighted. Through exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, we seek to understand how the concept of social responsibility is used in Information Science. To this end, the following specific objectives were met: a) contextualize Information Science as an Applied Social Science, in order to understand its social role; b) map scientific articles and complete works published in events that adopt the term social responsibility in the period from 2000 to 2023, by searching the Information Science Database; c) check the authors who publish the most on the topic and the temporal evolution of these studies; and d) the main keywords adopted and the configuration of these searches. In order to categorize the conceptual similarities and differences of the uses and applications of the concept, content analysis was used, adopting Freire's (2014) analysis categories, comprising: a) epistemology (social responsibility as the foundation of Information Science); b) theory (policy and management actions in the information society); and c) application (in units and for information professionals). The results reveal greater involvement of Brazilian researchers with issues related to social responsibility as the foundation of Information Science. The conclusion points to a growing interest in the scientific community in the topic, with multiple investigative scopes being considered that discuss social responsibility from the perspective of ethics, culture, sexual diversity, psychoanalysis, social inclusion and public policies.
Radiação ultravioleta e o ensino de biologia: utilizando o arduino como recurso didático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Duarte, Igor Alberto; Soares, Antonio Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093480629202515; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-124X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8333869812224278; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7831-044X
This project aims to contribute to the teaching of Science by seeking to relate concepts from Physics and Biology. It utilizes Arduino, a technological device, as a didactic resource in the classroom, thus surpassing traditional methodology and fostering enhanced learning among students. When exposed to sunlight, the device measures the degree of ultraviolet radiation and the brightness emanating from the sun, generating results that can be analyzed and discussed with students later on. The proposed experiment has proven to be effective, providing data that can create context for teaching about the biological implications of ultraviolet radiation, having been shown to elementary school students, where they were able to see the device working.
A social-democracia nos trópicos: a proposta de social-democracia nos documentos de fundação do PSDB (1988-1994)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Miranda, Jeferson Alexandre; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-0090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7053563119426754; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-6117
The trajectory of social democracy is marked by the adversities faced by ideas over time. From its emergence in Europe, as a phenomenon adjusted to the political, economic, and social characteristics of the late 19th century - through its expansion and reception in the most different parts of the planet - to the present day its concepts and arguments have been adapted, reconfigured and by sometimes paradoxically changed. It happens because this is a common phenomenon to which political thoughts are subjected and which makes them so challenging to study. In Brazil, the acclimatization of this conceptual framework is even more unique, especially if we accept that our country, because of its historical process and its distinctive capitalist development, has always been a place in which the continental dimensions themselves imposed as a fact a myriad of situations of poverty, exclusion, and marginalization. Here, in a place so different from its birthplace, social democracy did not find, until the end of the 20th century, a favorable environment for it to be established, or even to be thought about. Therefore, the present work aims to study the theoretical and political adaptations used in the reception of the political project of Social Democracy in Brazil (a country on the periphery of capitalism and with a developmentalist tradition), in the period of Redemocratização (1980s). This is an investigation of the reception and adjustments of the social democratic model, distinctive of the end of the 20th century, after the crisis of the 1970s, in the most expressive national party project that claimed it – “Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira” (PSDB) – during the period of its foundation (1988 to 1994). To carry out the research, we analyzed the PSDB's social democracy proposal contained in its founding documents - statement, statute, program, books, theses, among other materials, produced between 1988 and 1994 by the party, it’s think tanks, and main actors. To carry it out, the methodology used consisted of a descriptive-historical analysis that was substantiated using the thematic analysis technique applied to the selected documents. After reading, cataloging, clustering, and classifying the excerpts, they were analyzed based on three main variables/themes: role of the State, vision of democracy and social policies. The main results of the research, in turn, demonstrate: 1) PSDB, as one of the main political actors in the post-1988 republican scene, adjusted the guidelines and alternatives of a third-way social-democratic theoretical model to Brazilian conditions, adapting it to the political context of the end of the national civil-military dictatorship and the new tensions, actors and competing political projects disputing for the design of the New Republic; 2) Its model of social democracy advocated a socially necessary State, a pluralistic democracy with social participation through organized society, and social policies with universalization of opportunities, but with social responsibility; 3) The new social democracy proposed overcoming the weight of the developmentalist, statist and nationalist past, that is, through the defense of liberal democracy it proposed social results as a consequence of overcoming and reforming the developmentalist State.
Projetos de empresas financiados pelo programa PIPE/FAPESP em São Carlos/SP: uma análise baseada em indicadores de ciência, tecnologia e inovação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Ramos, Jéssica Fabiana da Silva; Nhacuongue, Januário Albino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372192175262438; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-1306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2491815474032509
In a globalised world full of economic, social and environmental challenges, the innovative capacity of organisations has become crucial if they are to stand out and grow sustainably. Seeking to address the issues surrounding innovation in micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, the study aimed to understand the innovation context of companies funded by the Small Business Innovation Research Programme (PIPE) in São Carlos/SP, completed between 2013 and 2022, using the science, technology and innovation thematic mapping indicator. The methodology used comprised basic, exploratory research. Data collection procedures were carried out by searching the FAPESP Virtual Library to compile project data and the website of the Brazilian Federal Revenue Service to understand the profile of the companies. The approach used was qualitative, with the aim of relating the data for interpretation. The results of the study showed that São Carlos/SP is an important innovation hub in the state of São Paulo within the scope of the programme, with a significant number of funded projects. Most of the participating companies are micro and small businesses. Company survival is high and it seems that the programme has had a positive impact, including on the emergence of new companies in the municipality. With regard to the theme of the projects, there is a great deal of alignment with the areas of emerging and enabling technologies cited in the Oslo Manual, including tangible products, above all through the manipulation of materials and utilisation of nanoscale properties, and intangible products, such as software and applications. The most representative sectors involve innovations that benefit industry, services, health and biotechnology, which are strategic for the country's economic and social development. The study also showed that information professionals have a very interesting opportunity to work in the innovation management process, through the use of science, technology and innovation indicators.
Estudo in vitro e in vivo de complexos fosfínicos de Ru(II) com atividades anticancerígenas: resultados FAPESP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Mello, Marcos Vinícius Palmeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8894654634441028; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5315
Educação Ambiental e a abordagem do Agronegócio no Ensino Médio: uma análise do material de apoio do governo do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Santos, Núbia Yumi Nakayama dos; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7207500297863505
This course completion work aims to analyze how environmental education is approached with a focus on agribusiness in public schools in the state of São Paulo. Agribusiness is the new term used to designate the latifundiary structure of colonial Brazil, being a set of agricultural activities that range from production to commerce, the result of an exploratory and conservative capitalist model, but which presents itself as modern agriculture, the salvation of the Brazilian economy and the major food producer. Behind this, there is an attempt to hide all the economic, social and environmental problems that this segment has been causing. Education is the instrument capable of forming critical, emancipated people who transform their reality, in the search for a fairer and more environmentally responsible society. Thus, the work intends to investigate how education in the state of São Paulo has been developing activities aimed at EA and how agribusiness is being portrayed in this context. The research is qualitative in nature through documentary analysis of the “Curriculum in Action” and “São Paulo Faz Escola” for high school, support materials made available by the Government of the State of São Paulo. From the activities present in these materials, different emphases were observed in the macro trends of Environmental Education in each material and throughout the years of High School, but in general, there was a distance from the critical macro trend of EA and the predominance of a pragmatic approach.
Plasticidade fenotípica de oito espécies arbóreas nativas em resposta à adição de nutrientes no solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Prates, Mayara Lima; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4509885640332032
Deforestation is a significant environmental challenge that drives efforts to restore degraded ecosystems. The complexity of forest ecosystems, with abiotic and biotic factors, highlights the importance of understanding the responses of tree species in degraded areas. The application of fertilizer as a prior soil management practice can be an effective strategy, exerting a strong influence on the growth of plants reintroduced in restoration projects, while understanding the functional attributes of plants throughout development contributes to clarifying ecological processes, such as interactions between species and community dynamics. This study evaluated the development of eight native tree species in response to different levels of nutrient addition to the soil, namely: no nutrient addition (CT); addition of 25 g of limestone and 2 g of NPK (10–10–10) (QuB); addition of 25 g of limestone and 20 g of NPK (10–10–10) (QuA); replacing 1/6 of the soil in the bag volume with tanned cattle manure (EsB) and replacing 1/3 of the soil in the bag volume with tanned cattle manure (EsA), this experiment was carried out in a nursery at the Federal University of São Carlos and these analyzes are part of a broader project carried out in 2019. Our study showed that organic fertilizer treatments (EsB and EsA) were the most positively impacted by the availability of nutrients, in particular, organic matter, phosphorus, cation exchange capacity , base summation and base saturation, resulting in larger plants. The root mass fraction was also strongly influenced by fertilization, the allocation of biomass to the roots was lower in treatments with organic fertilization and higher in the rest of the treatments. In the EsA treatment, an exponential relationship was found between the height of the plants and the size of their seeds, larger seeds generated smaller plants and smaller seeds generated larger plants. Understanding the soil and how it relates to functional traits can be very useful in predicting the response of plants to environmental conditions in degraded areas where they have been reintroduced, helping to plan more efficient forest restoration strategies and decision-making.
Estudo da variação da entropia de Shannon no jogo de xadrez a partir dos conceitos de teoria da informação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-15) Barbieri, Pedro Silveira; Silva Junior, Paulo Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7418621942217628; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9663-7142; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7418999863956170
Information Theory is a branch of science that quantifies information and its communication processes, and has at its core the reformulation of the fundamental concept of entropy. Shannon's entropy reflects the measure of uncertainty in a communication system during the transmission of information. For the scope of this work, we investigated the applicability of Shannon's Entropy over the course of numerous games of the game of chess using modern computer engines, specifically the Stockfish program, and computer code analysis. Stockfish is the most widespread computer chess engine today because it is an open-source program that allows its resources to be used by a wide range of users, be they professional players, amateurs or computer researchers. The program evaluates positions on the board based on probabilistic calculations that maximize the final result. In this way, entropic variation was computed in scatter plots, linear regression and fitting curves using computer codes. This allowed for a pertinent discussion about the transmission of information and a comparative analysis with the graphs taken from the literature and obtained empirically, thus fostering a timely argument about unpredictability in the context of the game of sixty-four squares