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Produção de atlas municipais no Brasil: estado do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Santana, Rodrigo Bozzola de Castro e; Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0251474547341483; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6111-2179
Maps have been fundamental throughout history for representing space, making the interpretation of locations more effective. Beyond simple static images, they are configured as tools capable of contextual reading. In the educational sphere, school atlases play a crucial role in the teaching of Geography, constituting valuable learning tools. Adopting the state of knowledge approach, a survey of publications on municipal school atlases in Brazil was conducted using the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and the descriptors "atlas + escolares", resulting in 15 works after a careful filtering process. The analysis of the works demonstrated the breadth of themes addressed by researchers, ranging from teacher training to innovative proposals such as Digital Atlases and the interface between Geography and cinema. The convergence around the concept of place was observed in several studies, while others explored themes such as the evolution of basic education in Brazil and the positive impact of municipal electronic Atlases. The use of municipal atlases in schools stands out as a significant resource for teaching, highlighting its adaptability, innovation, and formative potential. However, there are challenges, such as the scarcity of regional materials and the need for effective integration into the curriculum, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between researchers and educators. Gaps in research were identified, such as the multidisciplinary approach to the use of atlases, the evaluation of the impact of their use on students, the exploration of emerging technologies such as augmented reality, and sustainable strategies for continuous use. This research contributes not only to the current understanding of works on municipal school atlases but also points to promising directions for improvement and investigation in the field of the study of municipal school atlases in education.
Padrões e processos espaço-temporais da diversidade taxonômica e funcional de peixes de recifes rochosos de duas ilhas costeiras em área marinha protegida, sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Carminatto, Amanda Aparecida; Rotundo, Matheus Marcos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0635247128965679; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5320; Petrere Junior, Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9377772041367252; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-6699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7288132041257329; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-7992
In Brazil, most studies tend to focus on fish communities during the day and specific seasons. However, this approach overlooks temporal variations, such as the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Considering these variations is essential to understand the dynamics and adaptation of reef fish, especially in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Environmental conditions and ecological interactions have the potential to shape species distribution patterns. Ecomorphological attributes are often employed to assess the functional diversity of fish, with studies in this area if morphological variation leads to functional and performance differences resulting in resource usage disparities. Given the importance of comprehensively assessing the structure of rocky reef fish communities in MPAs exposed to seasonal and diurnal variations, this thesis aimed to explore spatial and temporal variations in fish communities, considering different aspects of taxonomic and functional diversity. Specifically, the study sought to (i) characterize the composition and similarity of fish fauna in the rocky reefs of Ilha Anchieta State Park (PEIA) and Ilha do Mar Virado (IMV) on the northern coast of SP, based on seasonal, diurnal, temperature, and depth variations; (ii) understand the spatial-temporal patterns and processes of fish richness and abundance on these islands across environmental gradients, assess whether the abundance distribution pattern remains the same for schooling and non-schooling species, and evaluate the effect of fishing restriction polygons for conservation and target species; (iii) characterize the reef fish occupation in different microhabitats of rocky reefs and investigate whether ecomorphological attributes explain this occupation. The study was conducted on two coastal islands in southeastern Brazil using images generated by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the seasonal cycle of 2022 and samplings during day and night. A total of 16,661 individuals belonging to 81 species, 2 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families were observed. Significant differences in species composition and abundance were found among islands, climatic seasons, diurnal periods, and depth levels. The study emphasizes the importance of nocturnal research, considering the influence of artificial light on fish behavior. Significant factors explaining total numerical abundance and abundance of schooling and non-schooling species included islands, diurnal period, climatic season, depth, temperature, and the interaction between islands and depth, with the addition of interaction between specific factors in each behavior. Factors significant for explaining richness were the diurnal period, interaction between islands, and the diurnal period and Michaelis-Menten model parameters. The composition and occurrence proportion of target fishing species were influenced by the island factor, while conservation target species occurred randomly, regardless of the island. Ecomorphological attributes explained approximately 35% of the variation in species abundance in microhabitats. The results highlight the importance of habitat diversity in generating distinct morphological and functional adaptations in reef fish. Additionally, they indicate that rocky reefs in MPAs offer opportunities for ecomorphological diversification, influencing the dynamics and composition of fish communities. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of reef fish communities, emphasizing the significance of environmental and anthropogenic factors in their structure and composition. These findings can guide conservation and management strategies to preserve marine biodiversity in protected areas.
Síntese de compostos contendo N-heterociclos de 5 membros e avaliação da atividade biológica frente a NS3 Helicase do vírus Zika
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Vidal, Hérika Danielle Almeida; Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2228; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3323035939732684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-3411
Epidemiological and biological studies have shown that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is strongly associated with neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. To date, there is no vaccine and/or efficient drug that can control this virus. A promising, but little explored, target in drug discovery against ZIKV is the non-structural protein 3 (NS3). In this work, fragment-based drug discovery using high-throughput screening (HTS) experiments showed that a hydantoin derivative and an oxadiazole derivative were located at RNA site and therefore considered promising as ligands of the ZIKV NS3 helicase. Based on these results, compounds containing hydantoin and/or oxadiazole were synthesized. Among the various methods used are multicomponent reactions (MCR), such as the Ugi-split reaction, which offer a sustainable approach and allow for broad structural variability. Coupling reagents, such as TBTU, HATU and Mukaiyama, were also used for amide and ester formation reactions. Bioisosteric substitutions of oxadiazole with piperazine and triazole, obtained through the copper-catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, were also explored. In parallel, the synthesis of highly substituted δ-lactams was studied in a one-pot reaction, through intramolecular Michael addition of Ugi products. Despite the limitations, the method presents a versatile and easy-to-manipulate approach that guides the precepts of Green Chemistry. Regarding biological evaluation, it was possible to demonstrate, through thermal and in vitro tests, that the proposed N-heterocycle derivatives are promising for the development of drugs that can act against ZIKV.
Estudos do uso de cistatinas visando a resistência à Diaphorina citri, inseto vetor da doença Huanglongbing (HLB), via CTV (Vírus da Tristeza dos Citros) na planta, e ensaios de interação patógeno-vetor com ênfase nas catepsinas B e L-like
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Rocha, Sâmara Vieira; Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-1136; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1016267748434919; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-012X
Brazilian citrus farming is one of the most important agricultural activities for the national economy, with Brazil being the world's leading producer of oranges and the largest exporter of concentrated and frozen citrus juice. Citrus groves, however, are constantly suffering from various phytosanitary problems, especially Huanglongbing (HLB), which has caused serious damage to citrus farming, since contaminated plants have smaller fruit, a higher degree of acidity, and a lower percentage of juice. The disease is mainly associated with the presence of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which colonizes the phloem vessels and is transmitted to citrus plants by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. In the absence of strategies to control the CLas bacterium, the emphasis has been on controlling D. citri. Therefore, this study aimed to use a vector based on the Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) to overexpress the cystatins CclemCPI-1 and CsinCPI-2, to inhibit target peptidases in the D. citri psyllid. In addition, studies were carried out to understand the localization and gene and protein expression of D. citri cysteine peptidases in the presence or absence of CLas bacteria. Feeding bioassays were carried out with the psyllids using an artificial diet containing the recombinant citrus cystatins and were tested at three stages of D. citri development: egg, nymph and adult, in order to investigate the result of protein interactions (cystatins-peptidases) at different stages of development, as well as in the presence or absence of the bacterium associated with HLB. As for the results obtained, in citrus plants infected with the CTV vector, systemic infection was verified and the presence of the CTV-cystatins construct was confirmed. In the biological tests carried out with the CTV-cystatin plants, D. citri insects were confined, but the plants overexpressing the cystatins were not effective in reducing the viability/quantity of D. citri eggs and nymphs, which requires further investigation and repetition of the test adopted in this work. However, the importance of the psyllid's target peptidases was confirmed, especially in the presence of the CLas bacterium, which indicates their participation in the insect's defense responses. However, the presence of the bacterium is supposed to be a limiting factor for the efficacy of the cystatins, where populations free of the bacterium show a greater population reduction concerning the effect of the inhibiting protein when compared to insects contaminated by the bacterium. As for the developmental stages evaluated, the nymphs proved to be more susceptible to cystatin-mediated inhibition, with this stage being more effective for controlling the insect when using the recombinant proteins compared to the adult stage. A test carried out during the hatching of D. citri eggs in an artificial medium containing the cystatin CsinCPI-2 proved promising since the cystatin present in the artificial diet was supposedly able to interfere with the emergence of first-stage nymphs by reducing the hatching of the insect's eggs by 53.8%. These results require further investigation. Nevertheless, the use of cystatins to control D. citri is still highly promising and it is hoped that soon they will effectively form part of the establishment of citrus crops resistant to the HLB vector, as an effective but sustainable management strategy.
A estrutura semântica interna de orações adverbiais temporais introduzidas por quando e realizadas pelo futuro do subjuntivo: uma abordagem funcionalista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Firmino, Lucas Henrique Xavier da Costa; Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2358037322007804
The objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects involved in the interpretation of the internal semantic structure of temporal adverbial clauses introduced by the conjunction when and carried out by the future subjunctive, in contemporary written Portuguese. This work found theoretical support in Discursive-Functional Grammar (2008), especially leading to the analysis of temporal adverbial clauses, here focused on the representational level of Discursive-Functional Grammar. Furthermore, other formal and functional criteria were taken into analysis, such as: the manifest temporal mode, the order of sentences, referential coherence, type of entity, temporal reference, factuality and presupposition. In this study, 1.003 (one thousand and three) data from the written language were considered, found in the Portuguese Corpus, which made it possible to carry out a synchronic and contemporary analysis of the object for this chosen work. I observed that the mode-temporal manifestation between the temporal clause and the nucleus is, predominantly, carried out by the future of the subjunctive (in the temporal) and present of the indicative (in the nucleus), other verbal modes and tenses are present in the nucleus clause, which creates a variability of temporal-mode combinations and readings (it is important to point out that the focus of this research is on the analysis of the temporal adverbial with future value); in addition to the verb ‘estar’ being the most productive in temporal prayer with future meaning. It was also found that they can appear as being of second order, with a dependent, non-factual and non-presupposed temporal reference; can appear as second-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and non-presupposed and, finally, they can also appear as third-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and not presupposed.
Aulas de educação física na perspectiva do currículo cultural: tecendo caminhos com o futebol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15) Munhoz, Janaina de Freitas; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8862060621433432
Physical Education in Brazilian schools has changed over the years, as has the society to which it belongs. Initially it was characterized as an activity and, over the years with discussions, disputes, mistakes and successes, it arrived, in the 1980s, in the so-called “renovating movement”, seeking to insert reflections on the practice. At the beginning of the 21st century, with post-critical theories, the Cultural Curriculum of Physical Education (CCEF) emerged, which is anchored in the cultural diversity of society and school, seeking work alternatives that respect and exalt differences. Given the above, the present work aimed to analyze a teaching proposal from the perspective of the CCEF in the early years of elementary school. Qualitative research with participant characteristics was used, with 26 second-year elementary school students from a public municipal school in Ribeirão Preto/SP. Information collection was carried out through class diaries produced by the Physical Education teacher-researcher for 22 classes with a football theme. From data analysis, three categories were created, namely: a) more experienced player: being a teacher with expectations, difficulties and legal/bureaucratic attributions, which focuses on the analysis of the teacher who sought to innovate and develop her work within the CCEF , however, he came across his previous experiences that influence his classes; b) challenging players: being a child and creating their own paths and learning, which focuses on children who are also active actors in classes and challenge the teacher to think and constantly re-plan; c) playing with the Cultural Curriculum: the new one that comes from the Physical Education Cultural Curriculum, which highlights the space in which the different ones are found and delimits the rules of pedagogical work from the perspective of the CCEF. The work showed that difficulties were faced in creating this curriculum, given the contradictions and learning that occurred, on the part of the children and the teacher-researcher, during the process. From this pedagogical experience it was possible to learn more about how the CCEF materialized with a second-year class of elementary school and, from there, suggest that new studies be carried out so that we can increasingly know and recognize the Cultural Education Curriculum Physical.