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Graduação em medicina: uma reflexão sobre o papel da pesquisa científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-16)
Gomes, Luíza Ferreira
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Carbol, Maristela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9852217198710064
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1192-7149
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3902930721945307
The objective of this work was to reflect on the role of scientific research in personal and professional development during medical school, a reflection generated through the study "Intentional behavior of university students regarding the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)." It analyzed the behavioral intention of UFSCar university students regarding the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The paper begins with a reflective account followed by the complete citation of the mentioned study.
Microstructure, corrosion, and wear resistance of a boron-modified duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Freitas, Brenda Juliet Martins
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1139
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
A duplex stainless steels (DSS) containing 0.3 and 0.6 wt.% of boron were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBD) with parameters based on Box-Behnken design. The microstructure was evaluated by XRD, OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and ASTAR. Additionally, the alloys were characterized by Vickers microhardness, reciprocating pin-on-plate wear test in sliding mode, and the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests in chloride electrolyte. The results were compared to a pure duplex stainless steel obtained by hot-rolling and by LPBF. Hot-rolled pure DSS presents a dual-phase (α+γ) microstructure with elongated grains along the rolling axis, whereas the as-built LPBF pure DSS exhibits coarsened columnar δ-Fe grains parallel to the building direction. In contrast, boron addition promoted an outstanding grain refinement, resulting in a microstructure non-textured microstructure and composed of refined equiaxed δ-Fe grains with Cr2B nanoborides decorating the grain boundaries. Such excellent grain refinement is ascribed to the segregation of boron and accumulation of a boron-enriched boundary layer ahead of the growing solid-liquid interface during LPBF solidification. Regarding hardness and wear resistance, compared to the commercial hot-rolled DSS, the LPBF-produced pure DSS presented enhanced hardness and wear resistance, which are further increased by boron addition. Moreover, LPBF-produced boron-containing stainless steel revealed high pitting resistance, great repassivation ability, and unsensitized microstructure in 0.6M NaCl solution, being comparable to pure DSS produced by LPBF and by hot-rolling. Therefore, the addition of boron is responsible for the formation of a wear- and corrosion-resistant ultrafine-grained LPBF-produced stainless steel, opening the possibility of applying this material in challenging environments givens its excellent basket of electrochemical and tribological properties.
Em razão de sua raça: os impactos psicossociais das desqualificações das masculinidades negras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Oliveira, Daniel Amâncio de
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Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5501964145309147
The construction of Brazil intertwined with racism is marked by the exploitation and subjugation of black bodies, equating them to commodities, devoid of humanity. The black male figure, as history demonstrates, has faced numerous attempts of annihilation, both literal and symbolic, whether in the post-abolition whitening policies, in the ongoing mass incarceration where prisons are predominantly occupied by black men with low education levels, in psychiatric institutions (psychiatric hospitals and therapeutic communities), in police violence rates, or in the construction of harmful stereotypes that evoke fear and prejudice in social relations. This research sought to present and contribute to the dialogue about masculinities and mental health among the black population, focusing on the psychosocial impacts in the construction of black masculinity in Brazilian society and worldwide, due to the systematic process of disqualifying their existences. The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate the consequences of racism on health processes and the possible psychological suffering of black men, based on interviews with four of them. Through the episodic analysis chosen with Kilomba (2019), it was possible to identify the following psychosocial impacts: difficulty in constructing a positive self-identity, internalization of negative stereotypes about black men, such as the need to perform high sexual performance, virile masculinity, self-pressure to be the best, not having the right to make mistakes, feelings of neglect and rejection. Additionally, we also found impaired social relations and concrete disadvantages due to social readings derived from colonial fantasies that depict them as dangerous and hypersexualized, corresponding to a process of objectification and inferiorization. Beyond our initial hypothesis, it was also possible to identify various forms of coping and constructing positive identities capable of subverting negative stereotypes and some oppressions, as well as discovering support networks that strengthen this resistance, such as family of origin, religion, romantic relationships, mental health care, and "aquilombamento". Thus, possible pathways are pointed out for an approach and adequate support in the mental health care of black men from an anti-racist, anti-colonial, anti-asylum, and anti-medicalization perspective.
Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea em mulheres com dismenorreia primária: estudo clínico randomizado com avaliação econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Rodrigues, Jessica Cordeiro
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Vera, Mariana Arias Avila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905617922199364
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-5326
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Driusso, Patricia
Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a gynecological disorder characterized by pain in the abdominal or pelvic region before or during menstruation in the absence of any pelvic disease. Although Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to relieve pain associated with PD, its cost-effectiveness and cost-utility remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate TENS can be effective in treating PD symptoms and determine the cost-effectiveness associated with TENS in treating PD symptoms. Materials and methods: This study included 174 women between 18 and 45 years, with menstrual pain ≥ 4 points on the Numerical Pain Scale (END), randomized (1:1:1) by draw into 3 groups of treatment, with 58 participants in each group: aTENS (intervention group), pTENS (placebo group) and educational booklet group. The protocol consisted of 3 sessions, held once a month, for 30 minutes. In the intervention and placebo groups, a frequency of 100Hz and a pulse duration of 200μs were applied. However, in the placebo group, the current was only delivered during the first 30 seconds. Participants in the educational booklet group received guidance on health promotion and education actions related to PD. Outcomes were assessed by END, Generic six-dimensional short form quality of life questionnaire (SF-6D) and Economic Assessment Form. Assessments occurred at 2 moments: before treatment and after the 3rd month of follow-up. Statistical analysis: Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain due to END between the groups in the first, second and third evaluation after the protocol. For the cost-utility analysis, the QALY obtained during treatment was used. Cost-effectiveness measures were estimated in Brazilian currency (R$), while outcomes were indicated by the clinical event "pain". A significance level of 5% was adopted. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: TENS demonstrated to be more effective than placebo TENS and educational booklet in improving clinical results over 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, TENS presented an incremental cost-effectiveness of R$0.43/no occurrence of pain. Additionally, it was estimated that each 0.01 QALY increase with TENS has a cost of R$22.25. Conclusion: TENS is a cost-effective treatment option that can be used by policymakers to improve PD care in public and private healthcare systems.
Aplicação industrial do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de energia alternativa na produção do cimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Lima, Leonardo Moreira de
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Belini, Gabriela Bertoni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833991005624421
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-694X
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
Among the costs involved in cement production, energy consumption deserves to be highlighted as one of the most relevant factors in the production cost. The search for fuel sources from alternative sources can be a solution to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of co-processing by burning sugarcane bagasse in a pre-calciner. Approximately 98 tons of sugarcane bagasse were used as an alternative fuel. The industrial-scale test was monitored for 16 hours. The average feed flow into the pre-calciner was approximately 6 tons per hour of sugarcane bagasse, combined with 7.8 tons per hour of petroleum coke. The results showed that the thermal replacement of part of the fossil fuel (17%) by sugarcane biomass did not have a significant impact on the quality of the material produced. The use of this residue as an alternative fuel enabled a reduction in costs related to fossil fuel of R$1,067/hour. Estimating that the equipment remains in operation for 10 months, this would represent savings of R$ 7.679.160/year. Sugarcane bagasse can be used as co-fuel in a pre-calciner, without reducing the performance of the equipment and without altering the properties of the flour, and as a consequence, the properties of the clinker and Portland cement produced.
Gestão democrática na escola: indicadores de qualidade para a humanização do trabalho educativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Pereira, Carolina Sala
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Martinez, Vinício Carrilho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2343688492677045
The general objective of the research is to analyze educational work concomitant with the actions of all members of the educational process, promoted by collaborative management, that helps ensure the quality of teaching and learning processes. The debate on contemporary adversities and challenges found in the context of the educational environment, mainly in the public sphere, is a recurring theme in studies, since norms and organizational structures do not always provide the necessary support or, or even, minimal. Factor that negatively influences educational processes, reproducing historical inequalities and restricting the construction of the conception of dialogical societies, egalitarian and emancipatory policies that imply a new school, of all, with democratic and humanized management. As a result, we think that specific objectives should guide this scope of the topic: (1) characterize the educational scenario from different perspectives, within a critical context, from a theoretical-political diversity, (2) when evaluating indicators of quality in education that act as an instrument of intervention in reality and (3) propose reform actions, supervised by democratic and assertive management, for effective humanization of the school environment, in addition (4) to identifying problems in the work configuration of teaching work, in favor of the valorization of the class, in order to promote legitimate restructuring. (5) At the end, it presents a practical example of experiences in education for democratic values, resulting from affirmative actions in municipal management. The study aims to show the precariousness of educational practice, addressing different institutional variants and sociocultural context, legitimizing the need to implement the social function of the school, through management committed to subsidizing conditions to overcome historical gaps and guarantee rights of all subjects participating in the educational process, in favor of democratic and emancipatory education. To better visualize the scope of the research, we employed a literature review, with a qualitative approach.
Educação Freireana : axiologia crítica no currículo de Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Demartini, Gabriel Ribeiro
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9046778496708360
The present work was configured as qualitative research, based on the assumptions of historical-dialectical materialism. The research problem that guided the investigation originated from questions about the historically existing ideological transgression between knowledge and values, manifested by banking education. Thus, the objective was to understand and develop the interface between ethics and knowledge in the transformative curricular praxis in biology teaching, based on Freirean pedagogy. To this end, an investigative dive into philosophical modernity was necessary, as a privileged place for understanding this axio-epistemological fracture, explaining the reduction that scientific knowledge has suffered, making it uncommitted to humanization. Based on critical reflection on a curriculum construction experience based on the Freirean thematic investigation process, carried out in a state school in São Francisco do Brejão – MA, we sought to understand the axiological (ethical and political) and epistemological aspects present in educational practice. The categories ethical-critical alterity and ontological negativity, both based on Dussel, and Freirean dialogicity were developed as analytical parameters, enabling the understanding of the axio-epistemological inseparability of ethical-critical orientation in curricular praxis by the generative themes. In short, they denounced the negativities that generated the concrete victims of the sociocultural organization and made it possible, through recognition of the Other, to regain protagonism in the political struggle for life. Furthermore, the dialectical and dialogical overcoming of banking education through curricular construction via a generative themes made it possible to announce a theoretical-methodological path committed to humanization.
Percepções das práticas colaborativas entre professores do ensino comum e de Educação Especial em escolas de Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Bueno, Adriana Correa
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Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-2369
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9947095179174886
Early Childhood Education schools are environments that provide learning and development for all students, with and without disabilities. Thinking about their spaces, times, pedagogical resources and ensuring collaboration between professionals involved in the learning process, who work in these environments, especially with children who are the target audience for special education, is the theme of this research. How have teachers implemented their practices with target children for Special Education in Stage I of Early Childhood Education? Considering the official guidelines and the importance of collaboration in the educacional context, is it feasible to carry out collaborative practices between regular education and Special Education teachers in Early Childhood Education schools- Stage I? This study aims to analyze, together with regular education and Special Education teachers who work in Early Childhood Education - Stage I (from 0 to 3 years old), the perception regarding the collaborative practices developed and how they are constituted among these professionals. It is research based on the qualitative approach and assumptions of collaborative research. The research was developed in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo and in the first stage, a questionnaire was applied to 38 teachers (common education and Special Education teachers), who worked in public Early Childhood Education schools - Stage I, with children between 0 and 3 years of age, with the aim of obtaining a characterization of the structure relating to the organization of AEE and the dynamics between them in regular education, identifying concepts, challenges and practices present in everyday school life; and in a second moment, 14 teachers were selected to carry out 6 reflective sessions, in which participants had the chance to reflect and reorganize their practices, in order to enhance it. In this age group, the practices identified that require greater collaboration include assistance in referring students for evaluation in the health area and behavioral issues that hinder the effective participation of some students. The results obtained in the research highlighted the lack of standardization with regard to the duration, format and structure of Specialized Educational Assistance aimed at children Targeted by Special Education in Early Childhood Education - Stage I schools (from 0 to 3 years old). Additionally, it was found that there is no educational policy, or legislation, that consistently endorses the existing guidelines on AEE in Early Childhood Education schools - Stage I. We highlight that there is an attempt to implement collaborative practices between these teachers and the school team, as a whole, although, timidly, the culture of collaboration is beginning to manifest itself in these schools. However, for these practices to develop effectively, a change in the conceptions and practices of all professionals involved is imperative, and such a transition encounters significant obstacles in various aspects of daily school life, such as resistance from both types of teachers, lack of of time, lack of resources and AEE teachers in all schools, among many others. It is concluded that it is essential to reorganize the educational environment with the aim of promoting practices among educators and making proposals for continued training on how to work collaboratively in this age group, thus strengthening school inclusion.
Compreensão emocional: uma proposta para educação física na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Alves, Leticia Cristina
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Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269657277864891
Advancement in knowledge of emotional aspects has become a pedagogical demand in the post-social isolation context. However, the concern lies in treating the subject in a meaningful way, overcoming superficial practices. Understanding that Physical Education can prove to be a promising space to address the theme of emotions and that it considers the individual in all its complexity – covering motor, social, cognitive and emotional aspects –, it was proposed to develop a teaching unit that explored emotional understanding. The objective of the present study is to analyze the process of developing and implementing a teaching unit on emotional understanding in Physical Education classes for Kindergarten Education students. The research, of a qualitative nature, adopted the action research method, in which 15 classes were implemented based on the emotions of joy, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and anger. 20 students regularly enrolled in Kindergarten Education participated in the study. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire administered individually before and after the implementation of the didactic unit; in addition to the class diary fed from the impressions of participation and recording of images; and records produced by students through oral speech and drawings. Data from class diaries, student records and questionnaires were organized and analyzed qualitatively, through content analysis. The results demonstrate that the didactic unit, through observation, imitation and naming of expressive cues, together with reflection on the events or situations in each story and/or game that resulted in each emotion addressed, brought beneficial aspects to the progression of emotional understanding of students, especially in the recognition and external cause components. As an educational product, an authorial book was organized, containing part of the didactic unit applied in the study, in addition to organizing one book per student, with their individual productions forming an emotional book.
Seleção de parceria e processo de governança da colaboração na inovação aberta sustentável: um estudo em projetos de P&D em parceria com o mercado para a descarbonização da agropecuária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Fragalle, Cristiane Vieira Peres
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Delai, Ivete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054145506480670
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-0181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3168180759905406
One of the challenges for Brazil and the world in the coming decades is the decarbonization of agriculture. The topic is at the frontier of scientific knowledge and depends on several actors to reach a solution. Brazil established public policy to meet the goals negotiated at COP 21 through the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (Plan ABC+), which aims to reduce carbon emissions from the agricultural sector by 1.1 billion tons by 2030. By encouraging adoption of more sustainable agricultural and livestock practices, the plan encourages the search for innovative solutions and technologies that can contribute to reducing GHG emissions, increasing agricultural productivity and conserving natural resources, simultaneously. Embrapa, a Science, Technology and Innovation (ICT) institution, contributes to achieving the goals of the ABC+ Plan through its research into climate change. It has faced an increase in demand for partnerships for decarbonization in open innovation projects in a context where organizations have sought to adapt to new business models that meet sustainability. Academic literature points out that innovations involving sustainability can bring new challenges to the selection of partners and to the governance process of collaboration in these partnerships, since the actions are long-term, seek to generate new knowledge, there is interdependence of different actors and its objective goes beyond the economic dimension. It is a topic still under development, with few existing studies on collaboration when it takes place between organizations, something seen by authors as a “black box” of the collaboration process to generate innovation. This type of process is also new for Embrapa and previous interviews with managers of these projects pointed to the differences in this type of project and the need to better understand the collaboration selection and governance processes. The latent processes and criteria that take place in projects can help Embrapa improve the collaboration process with its R&D partners. Given this context, this research aimed to map and propose a practice guide for partner selection processes and collaboration governance in R&D projects in a sustainable open innovation model with the market and its critical success factors. To this end, five case studies were carried out on Embrapa R&D projects focusing on decarbonization. As a result, activities in the partner selection and governance stages of the collaboration process that Embrapa projects have and the gaps when compared to the theoretical model were identified. Processes and criteria were identified at the micro level of analysis, and critical success factors were identified. As a technological product, this study developed a Guide to practices for partner selection and collaboration governance processes. In doing so, it responds to both the academic and practical gaps highlighted above.
Fragmentos da educação indígena mẽhĩ (krahô): tecendo a vida cotidianamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Melo, Felipe Kometani
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697775991300273
This dissertation seeks to present fragments, written and visual, about Mẽhĩ (Krahô) Indigenous Education. Through my ethnographic experience, built over the ten years I lived among the mẽhĩ, i propose to narrate a learning trajectory, where both, the local regimes of production and circulation of knowledge and their (cosmo)politics of care and attention, as well as the “external” policies for indigenous people, including school education, audiovisual and socio-environmental strengthening projects carried out with indigenous associations. The concept of "indigenous education" is thought in this work as practices (pedagogies, strategies and policies) that, in addition to being the basis of mẽhĩ learning processes, open up perspectives for thinking about other ways of being, thinking and feeling the world. In this sense, based on the interest in the “ordinary” practices of community experience, my narrative aims to share everyday encounters and affections, creating conditions for us to be crossed and transformed, bringing correspondences and reactivating, even if in a smaller way, something that has been each increasingly devalued by dominant rationality, sometimes rendered incommunicable: the lived experience.
Qualidade de vida no teletrabalho: um estudo de caso em uma instituição federal de ensino superior sob a perspectiva da ergonomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Andrade, Rodrigo Carvalho
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Tonin, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835542837415565
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903706573259495
This study investigated the impact of teleworking on the Quality of Life at Work of Technical-Administrative Staff in Education at a Federal Higher Education Institution, from the perspective of Activity Ergonomics. Using mainly the Telework Quality of Life Scale, developed and validated by Andrade (2020), five factors were analyzed: self-management in telework, work context, work infrastructure, technological structure and work overload. The results indicated a predominance of well-being in the self-management, infrastructure and technological structure factors, but moderate malaise in the work overload factor. The survey involved 45 (forty-five) civil servants from 8 (eight) sectors who were teleworking - made possible by the Management and Performance Program - combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Perceptions were consistent regardless of sociodemographic variables. Managers and civil servants highlighted benefits such as autonomy and flexibility, but also challenges such as work overload, institutional misunderstanding and concerns about professional advancement. Attention to the issues raised is recommended in order to mitigate negative impacts and promote a healthy and balanced working environment for teleworkers. Limitations include the researcher's proximity to the institution and the fact that the Management and Performance Program was in the Pilot Project phase during data collection. Longitudinal and sectoral investigations are suggested to better understand the evolution and adaptation of civil servants to teleworking in the institution.
A criação de podcasts em uma unidade didática de práticas corporais de aventura: possibilidades e desafios na educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Martins, Herivelto
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0713298186170311
It is common to hold only the student and the teacher responsible for their interest in participating in classes at school. However, authors indicate that there are broader factors that affect “school success/failure” and, consequently, lack of interest in classes, such as school structure and management. A factor that many attribute to lack of interest is the choice of strategies adopted by teachers and studies that contribute to new teaching proposals being applied in the school context, including those involving the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies. In this sense, the use of educational podcasts (audio or video files available on the internet) can spark greater interest in learning school content. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop and analyze the process of production podcasts in Physical Education classes in the 8th year middle school class, in a teaching unit on Adventure Body Practices. To this end, qualitative research was carried out involving 14 students in the 8th year of middle school at a public educational institution belonging to the municipal education network in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Data collection was carried out through 15 class diaries produced by the researcher, who is also the class's Physical Education teacher, as well as semi-structured interviews with 11 students. Data analysis involves three steps: ordering the data (mapping), classification (through exhaustive readings and creation of analysis categories) and final analysis (articulation of the data with the theoretical framework and the collected data). The pre-categories emerged with the approximation of semantic procedure and we arrived at the final categories: a) School day-to-day, which described the difficulties encountered during the research that generated improvisations in the execution of classes; b) Challenges and possibilities in teaching Physical Education at school, which brought the potential that teachers can achieve despite the problems that have occurred and, c) Adventure Body Practices/Podcast, in which we explain how innovative content can increase students' interest students for Physical Education classes. The main expectation of the study, with the use of podcasts as a teaching strategy in Physical Education classes, was achieved, as the majority of students were mobilized and began to participate more in classes.
Concentração de metais em tecidos de girinos de rãs-touro, Aquarana catesbeiana (Shaw, 1802), expostos às águas do Rio Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-20)
Arjonas, Victor Holanda
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Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7233550271936621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-5239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4230456113275960
Environmental monitoring through bioindicators is an essential strategy for understanding the impacts that may occur on water bodies. Bullfrog tadpoles were used to verify the effect of exposure to metals present in river water, verifying the potential for biomonitoring of water bodies using this species. Water was collected at 2 points on the Sorocaba River, one in the city of Ibiúna, representing the source of the river (PI) and another in the Itupararanga Reservoir (PIR), during the dry season of the year. Rã-Touro tadpoles were exposed to the collected water for 96 hours and, at the end of the test, the animals were anesthetized and killed for the collection of samples of gills, skin and caudal muscle, where the concentration of metallothionein proteins (MTs) and the metals arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), strontium (Sr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum ( Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). The concentration of metallothionein, in the samples of gills and caudal muscle, showed a significant increase in the tadpoles exposed to the waters of the Itupararanga Reservoir, in relation to the control and the samples of the tadpoles exposed to the waters collected in Ibiúna (PI). The metals Ba, Cu, Mn, Sr, Zn were in higher concentration in the gill and skin samples of the group exposed to the waters of the Itupararanga Reservoir compared to the control. Gills showed a strong correlation between MTs and metals. The results show different effects on the tissues and potential evidence of the use of this biomarker using the gills, which constitute an interface between the aquatic environment and the internal environment of the animal, which proved to be an important organ for use in environmental biomonitoring.
Ensino de imitação generalizada para crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-20)
Brandão, Vanessa Paula de Souza
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-1074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1364721807830103
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication and social interaction skills, restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests or activities. A deficit repertoire, which is considered a behavioral wedge and, therefore, of extreme importance for creating the repertoire of the person with ASD is that of generalized imitation, as it provides the learning of a range of new behaviors, without the need for direct teaching. and for reducing behavioral barriers. The present research aims to evaluate whether teaching multiple imitation exemplars will be sufficient to guarantee widespread imitation for children with ASD and validate Goyos' (2018) protocols. The Generalized Imitation acquisition criterion was defined as achieving 100% correct performance in three successive applications of a protocol developed specifically for this purpose. In a multiple-baseline design across four participants, an initial baseline measure of generalized imitation behavior was administered, followed by individual teaching of multiple imitation exemplars, and again by applications of the generalized imitation measure. The results showed that two of the four participants reached criterion in generalized imitation performance after four and eight directly taught exemplars. Possible variables that affect generalized imitation performance are discussed as well as implications for teaching generalized imitation.
A realidade virtual nas aulas de educação física escolar: das situações limites ao inédito viável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-20)
Silva, Danilo Teodoro Cintra
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Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9401634234043083
Educational technologies have seen significant advancements in recent years, with their incorporation being regulated in 2018 in the National Common Curricular Base in Brazil. However, various reasons underlie the challenges and limitations to the democratization and critical, sustainable appropriation of these technologies, particularly in public schools in Brazil. Given this scenario, this study aimed to investigate the limitations and possibilities in the incorporation of activities using virtual reality glasses in school Physical Education classes. Participants in this research were first-grade students from a municipal school in the city of Franca, São Paulo. The methodological procedures included the development of a didactic unit consisting of eight lessons focused on the use of virtual reality glasses (VR Box) as an intervention, through electronic games in mobile applications. Data collection involved class journals and recordings. Class journals were compiled after each lesson to record the main events that occurred during the classes. To better analyze the events, all classes were recorded via video to identify any bodily manifestations that journals and audio recordings alone might not capture. Data analysis from class journals and recordings was conducted qualitatively, drawing upon Freireanos concepts of limit-situations and feasible novelties. At the end of the study limitations, and possibilities of using virtual reality glasses in Physical Education classes were identified through participants' reports and other events during the classes. At the end, aiming to disseminate the entire research journey and the results we achieved, we developed an animation in the "Draw my life" style as an educational product derived from this dissertation.
Simulação numérica da influência da carga excêntrica e da altura do embutimento da estaca no comportamento estrutural de blocos rígidos de concreto armado sobre duas estacas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-20)
Rocha, Cleyton Éder Rodrigues Rocha
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Delalibera, Rodrigo Gustavo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6277549281444797
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4730-6018
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Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
Deep foundations, such as piles and caissons, are responsible for supporting buildings and rely on cap blocks to distribute loads to the soil. Therefore, correct block design and execution are essential processes to ensure the safety and efficiency of constructions. Upon reviewing the literature, it was noticed that two factors can affect the proper performance of blocks. The first is the application of eccentric load, which can impact stress distribution and the load-bearing capacity of blocks on piles. The second is inadequate embedding of piles in blocks, which can also lead to possible structural failures. Consequently, there was a need to understand the structural behavior of the block under these factors, identifying critical points in the system and thus contributing to a more suitable design. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of pile embedment height in the block and the eccentricity of loads applied to the rectangular section pillar in a block over two square-section piles, through non-linear numerical simulation using the finite element method in the ABAQUS® software. Equal and different embedment heights were adopted for the two piles, with values of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Eccentric load was applied, which could be to the left or right of the pillar axis, at 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, totaling 33 models. The results were compared with a reference model calibrated in this work. As a result, it was observed that models with eccentricities showed less resistance, exhibiting losses of up to 30% of strength compared to centrally loaded ones. The variation in pile embedment had little influence on final strength, but models with 15 cm embedments of piles showed more resistance due to higher stress in the tie reinforcement, especially under centrally loaded conditions. Models with varied pile embedment showed lower ultimate resistance when the vertical displacement applied to the pillar was in the direction of the less embedded pile. Finally, early concrete damage was more evident in models with greater embedment, highlighting its importance in damage propagation. For shallower pile embedments, initial damage appeared at around 20% of the ultimate force, while deeper embedments experienced initial damage at around 15% of this force.
Biochar de cama de frango: produção, aplicação e análise de suas propriedades no solo e no cultivo de rabanetes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-21)
Pereira, Moisés Edevaldo
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-8163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9842101432791601
Brazil stands out in broiler production and is the largest exporter. In 2022 alone, Brazil produced 14.57 million tons of chicken meat. However, considerable amounts of poultry litter are also generated annually in Brazil due to the growing demand and production of broilers, causing concerns for poultry farmers such as improper disposal which can lead to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of biochar from chicken litter on a pilot scale, characterize the biochar produced, apply the biochar to the soil in a field experiment and analysis its effects on the soil and on radishes. Around 40 kg of chicken litter was collected after raising two batches of chickens. To produce biochar, around 23.5 kg of the material was subjected to the pyrolysis process, which was carried out at 450 °C, a heating rate of 20 °C min-1 and a residence time of 6 hours. The biochar parameters studied were: gravimetric yield, immediate analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The field experiment was set up in a randomized block design with 3 replications and 5 fertilization treatments each (control, chicken litter, biochar 20 t ha-1, biochar 60 t ha-1 and commercial NPK). For the effect of the biochar on the plants, radish development parameters were analyzed (root diameter, fresh masses root and leaf, leaf height, number of leaves, dry masses root and leaf, percentage of cracked roots, number of commercial roots and productivity. For the effect of biochar on the soil, soil analyses were carried out at 3 different times (before planting, after the first planting cycle, after the second cycle radishes planting). The results of the laboratory analysis of the biochar showed that, with the larger equipment, a longer residence time was required for the material to pyrolyze completely. The gravimetric yield was 38.38%, the moisture content 4.49%, the volatile content 24.11%, the ash content 34.40% and the fixed carbon content 41.49%, which showed that chicken litter is a suitable material for producing biochars for application to the soil. The results of the field experiment showed that biochar resulted in higher radish productivity (25.17 and 28.55 t ha-1 for the 20 and 60 t ha-1 treatments, respectively), as well as better results in most of the other development parameters analyzed. In the soil, the effects of biochar were positive, implying in retention of NPK levels, unlike the other treatments, showing potential for replacing mineral and organic fertilization, both for radish development parameters and soil fertility.
Obtenção de sistemas auto-organizados formados por sais de bile e lecitina: efeito da adição de solutos polares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-21)
Zambuzi, Giovana Cristina
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Paula, Kelly Roberta Francisco Muruci de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0422652925722673
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6074732708226587
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-3221
Understanding the physicochemical properties of obtaining aggregates provides insights into how to modify and adjust them for specific applications of interest. Self-aggregated systems can be obtained by adding surfactants above the critical micellar concentration in polar and nonpolar solvents. Lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids consisting of two tails and with a positively and negatively charged head, having a wide application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Bile salts are biosurfactants formed by a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic side, being used in food and pharmaceutical technologies. In this context, this work aimed to verify the influence of small amounts of the polymeric and monomeric solutes polyethylene glycol (PEG) (400 g.mol-1) and propylene glycol (PG), respectively, on the formation of bile salt and lecithin aggregates. in organic medium (cyclohexane). In this case, three different bile salts were used, namely sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and sodium cholate (NaC) and in three different proportions (0.2; 0.4 and 0.8 Bile salt/Lecithin). Self-aggregated systems were studied by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The measurements showed that the addition of PEG and PG promoted the formation of cylindrical aggregates (giant micelles) for most systems formed by NaC/Lecithin and NaDC/Lecithin, with the 0.8 NaDC/Lecithin system with PEG or PG being the most viscoelastic, with plateau modulus values, G0, equal to 2.8x104 e 3.6x104 Pa in the presence of PEG and PG, respectively. The results showed the obtaining of micelles with high relaxation time values (τR) equal to 100 and 102 s for 0.2 NaTDC/Lecithin and 0.2 NaTDC/Lecithin/PG, respectively. Furthermore, the persistence lengths of the micelles, lp, were in the range of 17,1 to 20,3 nm, and the aggregates obtained in the presence of PEG were less flexible. Furthermore, the SAXS curves showed that most systems presented the formation of giant micelles and lamellae in the presence of solutes. These results showed that the hydrogen bonds established between the hydroxyl groups of the solutes and the polar groups of the surfactants were responsible for the formation of longer giant micelles and/or longer relaxation times. Thus, the systems formed can be used as drug encapsulation and release platforms for various applications.
Educação científica crítica e professores(as) de ciências: estudo sobre as contribuições da Ferramenta Avaliativa Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (FACTS) para a formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-21)
Marra, Nayara Nogueira Soares
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Freitas, Denise de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-3243
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6431982418295781
Critical Scientific Education (CCE) is based on the complex thinking of Edgar Morin and STS studies and was built by Ibero-American researchers. CCE supported the creation of FACTS, a CTS Assessment Tool for educational processes and materials. FACTS has been disseminated to Natural Sciences teachers, including through in-service education courses, such as the one that contextualized this work. Our objective was to understand how an course based on FACTS can help in the construction of ECC-oriented discourses in in-service teachers. Specifically, we seek to: I) Characterize the spontaneous approach that professionals present in relation to FACTS at the beginning of the course; II) Verify the impacts of the course based on the content of the FACTS tool and the teaching discourse during and after the course. To meet these objectives, we produced data in three moments: a questionnaire on the initial approach of the course teachers towards FACTS, which was analyzed using the mean and relative mode; analysis of course meetings, through Discursive Textual Analysis; and semi-structured interviews to analyze teachers' speeches about their practice after training. The results indicated that, initially, the teachers approached the apprentice and advanced levels of FACTS. During continuing education, most interactions enabled connections between school and university. The main resistance/difficulties of teachers in relation to CCE are related to interdisciplinarity, technology conceptual aspects, and the traditional curriculum. Another challenge was the transposition of more abstract aspects - such as concepts and attitudes - to more concrete aspects, such as those associated with methodology and vice versa. After training, the analysis of the teachers' discourse about their teaching agency revealed that, even with environmental difficulties, there are behavioral and personal aspects that bring teachers closer to CCE. The first are a dialogical relationship with FACTS, reflection on one's own training and practice and the search for a human and anthropological conception to support professional practice. The personal characteristics aligned with CCE are self-reflection, dedication, critical sense, a relationship of pleasure with work and lucidity about professional responsibility. Considering the results of our work, we believe that metacognition, interdisciplinarity and attitudinal aspects can be useful for the training of teachers aligned with Critical Scientific Education.