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Em razão de sua raça: os impactos psicossociais das desqualificações das masculinidades negras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Oliveira, Daniel Amâncio de; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2923; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5501964145309147; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1454-1601
The construction of Brazil intertwined with racism is marked by the exploitation and subjugation of black bodies, equating them to commodities, devoid of humanity. The black male figure, as history demonstrates, has faced numerous attempts of annihilation, both literal and symbolic, whether in the post-abolition whitening policies, in the ongoing mass incarceration where prisons are predominantly occupied by black men with low education levels, in psychiatric institutions (psychiatric hospitals and therapeutic communities), in police violence rates, or in the construction of harmful stereotypes that evoke fear and prejudice in social relations. This research sought to present and contribute to the dialogue about masculinities and mental health among the black population, focusing on the psychosocial impacts in the construction of black masculinity in Brazilian society and worldwide, due to the systematic process of disqualifying their existences. The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate the consequences of racism on health processes and the possible psychological suffering of black men, based on interviews with four of them. Through the episodic analysis chosen with Kilomba (2019), it was possible to identify the following psychosocial impacts: difficulty in constructing a positive self-identity, internalization of negative stereotypes about black men, such as the need to perform high sexual performance, virile masculinity, self-pressure to be the best, not having the right to make mistakes, feelings of neglect and rejection. Additionally, we also found impaired social relations and concrete disadvantages due to social readings derived from colonial fantasies that depict them as dangerous and hypersexualized, corresponding to a process of objectification and inferiorization. Beyond our initial hypothesis, it was also possible to identify various forms of coping and constructing positive identities capable of subverting negative stereotypes and some oppressions, as well as discovering support networks that strengthen this resistance, such as family of origin, religion, romantic relationships, mental health care, and "aquilombamento". Thus, possible pathways are pointed out for an approach and adequate support in the mental health care of black men from an anti-racist, anti-colonial, anti-asylum, and anti-medicalization perspective.
Microstructure, corrosion, and wear resistance of a boron-modified duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Freitas, Brenda Juliet Martins; Koga, Guilherme Yuuki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1139; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-3694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4571549779863412; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-9081
A duplex stainless steels (DSS) containing 0.3 and 0.6 wt.% of boron were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBD) with parameters based on Box-Behnken design. The microstructure was evaluated by XRD, OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and ASTAR. Additionally, the alloys were characterized by Vickers microhardness, reciprocating pin-on-plate wear test in sliding mode, and the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests in chloride electrolyte. The results were compared to a pure duplex stainless steel obtained by hot-rolling and by LPBF. Hot-rolled pure DSS presents a dual-phase (α+γ) microstructure with elongated grains along the rolling axis, whereas the as-built LPBF pure DSS exhibits coarsened columnar δ-Fe grains parallel to the building direction. In contrast, boron addition promoted an outstanding grain refinement, resulting in a microstructure non-textured microstructure and composed of refined equiaxed δ-Fe grains with Cr2B nanoborides decorating the grain boundaries. Such excellent grain refinement is ascribed to the segregation of boron and accumulation of a boron-enriched boundary layer ahead of the growing solid-liquid interface during LPBF solidification. Regarding hardness and wear resistance, compared to the commercial hot-rolled DSS, the LPBF-produced pure DSS presented enhanced hardness and wear resistance, which are further increased by boron addition. Moreover, LPBF-produced boron-containing stainless steel revealed high pitting resistance, great repassivation ability, and unsensitized microstructure in 0.6M NaCl solution, being comparable to pure DSS produced by LPBF and by hot-rolling. Therefore, the addition of boron is responsible for the formation of a wear- and corrosion-resistant ultrafine-grained LPBF-produced stainless steel, opening the possibility of applying this material in challenging environments givens its excellent basket of electrochemical and tribological properties.
Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea em mulheres com dismenorreia primária: estudo clínico randomizado com avaliação econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Rodrigues, Jessica Cordeiro; Vera, Mariana Arias Avila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905617922199364; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-5326; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-9786; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6665335779926415; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-9771
Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a gynecological disorder characterized by pain in the abdominal or pelvic region before or during menstruation in the absence of any pelvic disease. Although Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to relieve pain associated with PD, its cost-effectiveness and cost-utility remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate TENS can be effective in treating PD symptoms and determine the cost-effectiveness associated with TENS in treating PD symptoms. Materials and methods: This study included 174 women between 18 and 45 years, with menstrual pain ≥ 4 points on the Numerical Pain Scale (END), randomized (1:1:1) by draw into 3 groups of treatment, with 58 participants in each group: aTENS (intervention group), pTENS (placebo group) and educational booklet group. The protocol consisted of 3 sessions, held once a month, for 30 minutes. In the intervention and placebo groups, a frequency of 100Hz and a pulse duration of 200μs were applied. However, in the placebo group, the current was only delivered during the first 30 seconds. Participants in the educational booklet group received guidance on health promotion and education actions related to PD. Outcomes were assessed by END, Generic six-dimensional short form quality of life questionnaire (SF-6D) and Economic Assessment Form. Assessments occurred at 2 moments: before treatment and after the 3rd month of follow-up. Statistical analysis: Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain due to END between the groups in the first, second and third evaluation after the protocol. For the cost-utility analysis, the QALY obtained during treatment was used. Cost-effectiveness measures were estimated in Brazilian currency (R$), while outcomes were indicated by the clinical event "pain". A significance level of 5% was adopted. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: TENS demonstrated to be more effective than placebo TENS and educational booklet in improving clinical results over 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, TENS presented an incremental cost-effectiveness of R$0.43/no occurrence of pain. Additionally, it was estimated that each 0.01 QALY increase with TENS has a cost of R$22.25. Conclusion: TENS is a cost-effective treatment option that can be used by policymakers to improve PD care in public and private healthcare systems.
Gestão democrática na escola: indicadores de qualidade para a humanização do trabalho educativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Pereira, Carolina Sala; Martinez, Vinício Carrilho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2343688492677045; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-0789
The general objective of the research is to analyze educational work concomitant with the actions of all members of the educational process, promoted by collaborative management, that helps ensure the quality of teaching and learning processes. The debate on contemporary adversities and challenges found in the context of the educational environment, mainly in the public sphere, is a recurring theme in studies, since norms and organizational structures do not always provide the necessary support or, or even, minimal. Factor that negatively influences educational processes, reproducing historical inequalities and restricting the construction of the conception of dialogical societies, egalitarian and emancipatory policies that imply a new school, of all, with democratic and humanized management. As a result, we think that specific objectives should guide this scope of the topic: (1) characterize the educational scenario from different perspectives, within a critical context, from a theoretical-political diversity, (2) when evaluating indicators of quality in education that act as an instrument of intervention in reality and (3) propose reform actions, supervised by democratic and assertive management, for effective humanization of the school environment, in addition (4) to identifying problems in the work configuration of teaching work, in favor of the valorization of the class, in order to promote legitimate restructuring. (5) At the end, it presents a practical example of experiences in education for democratic values, resulting from affirmative actions in municipal management. The study aims to show the precariousness of educational practice, addressing different institutional variants and sociocultural context, legitimizing the need to implement the social function of the school, through management committed to subsidizing conditions to overcome historical gaps and guarantee rights of all subjects participating in the educational process, in favor of democratic and emancipatory education. To better visualize the scope of the research, we employed a literature review, with a qualitative approach.
Aplicação industrial do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de energia alternativa na produção do cimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Lima, Leonardo Moreira de; Belini, Gabriela Bertoni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833991005624421; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-694X; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-8163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7572358680670893; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-6809
Among the costs involved in cement production, energy consumption deserves to be highlighted as one of the most relevant factors in the production cost. The search for fuel sources from alternative sources can be a solution to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of co-processing by burning sugarcane bagasse in a pre-calciner. Approximately 98 tons of sugarcane bagasse were used as an alternative fuel. The industrial-scale test was monitored for 16 hours. The average feed flow into the pre-calciner was approximately 6 tons per hour of sugarcane bagasse, combined with 7.8 tons per hour of petroleum coke. The results showed that the thermal replacement of part of the fossil fuel (17%) by sugarcane biomass did not have a significant impact on the quality of the material produced. The use of this residue as an alternative fuel enabled a reduction in costs related to fossil fuel of R$1,067/hour. Estimating that the equipment remains in operation for 10 months, this would represent savings of R$ 7.679.160/year. Sugarcane bagasse can be used as co-fuel in a pre-calciner, without reducing the performance of the equipment and without altering the properties of the flour, and as a consequence, the properties of the clinker and Portland cement produced.
Educação Freireana : axiologia crítica no currículo de Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18) Demartini, Gabriel Ribeiro; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9046778496708360
The present work was configured as qualitative research, based on the assumptions of historical-dialectical materialism. The research problem that guided the investigation originated from questions about the historically existing ideological transgression between knowledge and values, manifested by banking education. Thus, the objective was to understand and develop the interface between ethics and knowledge in the transformative curricular praxis in biology teaching, based on Freirean pedagogy. To this end, an investigative dive into philosophical modernity was necessary, as a privileged place for understanding this axio-epistemological fracture, explaining the reduction that scientific knowledge has suffered, making it uncommitted to humanization. Based on critical reflection on a curriculum construction experience based on the Freirean thematic investigation process, carried out in a state school in São Francisco do Brejão – MA, we sought to understand the axiological (ethical and political) and epistemological aspects present in educational practice. The categories ethical-critical alterity and ontological negativity, both based on Dussel, and Freirean dialogicity were developed as analytical parameters, enabling the understanding of the axio-epistemological inseparability of ethical-critical orientation in curricular praxis by the generative themes. In short, they denounced the negativities that generated the concrete victims of the sociocultural organization and made it possible, through recognition of the Other, to regain protagonism in the political struggle for life. Furthermore, the dialectical and dialogical overcoming of banking education through curricular construction via a generative themes made it possible to announce a theoretical-methodological path committed to humanization.