Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2024-03-22"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 16 de 16

Evolução cromossômica em crocodylia (Animalia, Reptilia)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Oliveira, Vanessa Cristina Sales; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2780450938194570; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-0515
Crocodylia is an order that has undergone very few morphophysiological, biogeographic and genetic changes over time, despite having originated between the end of the Triassic and the beginning of the Jurassic, approximately 200 million years ago. This order is divided into three families: Crocodylidae, Gavialidae, and Alligatoridae, with representatives distributed on practically all continents, except for Europe and Antarctica, thus being geographically delimited by temperature. According to phylogenetic studies, crocodilians form a monophyletic group together with dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and birds, therefore suggesting a closer relationship with birds than with the rest of Archosauria. Despite this proximity, the fact that both taxa have a certain karyotypic variability and the importance of having access to these data to better understand the evolutionary history of these animals, studies on cytogenomic characterization in reptiles and especially in crocodilians, are still quite outdated, following a completely different path from its sister group. Therefore, this thesis presents the analyzes carried out with different cytogenomic techniques on representative species of two of the three families – Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae – to enable a better understanding of the processes involved in the genomic and chromosomal evolution of their species. We characterize for the first time cytogenetic and molecular data for all Alligatoridae species, observing a notable chromosomal conservatism among Caimaninae species, consistent with the dichotomy observed between the Caimaninae and Alligatorinae subfamilies, and demonstrate the role of rearrangements in the evolutionary history of these species. The Crocodylidae data demonstrate that despite not being as conserved as alligators, they have a karyotype closer to the ancestral karyotype of Crocodylia than other families, and showed how rearrangements are involved in the changes that gave rise to the current diversity of karyotypes in crocodilians.
Exercício físico como agente de prevenção e tratamento da sarcopenia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Santos, Bruna Cavalcante dos; Beck, Wladimir Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124811889307056; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-2713; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1073437057848317
This work is a rigorous systematic review of scientific literature published in the past five years. The focus of the review is on the pivotal role of physical exercise in treating sarcopenia, a debilitating condition that is prevalent among the elderly. Sarcopenia is characterized by the gradual loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to reduced mobility, falls, fractures, metabolic disorders, and insulin resistance. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is determined through a range of methods, including the Dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) technique, which measures bone mineral density, muscle mass, and body fat. Another method is the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria, which includes handgrip strength and knee flexion/extension tests, are also used in the diagnosis. This review focuses on analyzing diverse modalities, intensities, and frequencies of physical exercise, with a key emphasis on resistance training. The review findings confirm that physical exercise, particularly resistance training, is a highly effective and promising approach to treating sarcopenia. The results demonstrate that physical exercise helps in maintaining muscle mass, improving muscle strength, and promoting mobility in the elderly. However, the review also highlights the need for future studies with larger samples and more refined methodologies to establish best practices and intervention periods, and to ascertain the efficacy of other exercise modalities in treating sarcopenia.
Ensino lúdico da capoeira no ensino fundamental: análise de uma proposta realizada nas aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Venâncio, Washington Luiz; Lemos, Fábio Ricardo Mizuno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720009502941255; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-5056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2252703315369989; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9934-334X
Capoeira manifests as an expression of popular culture, originating in a context of slavery and exploitation, which is resignified and transformed into a symbol of resistance and overcoming. However, despite its historical and cultural importance, the topic of capoeira is often neglected in the school environment, which should be a privileged space for its understanding. Faced with this scenario, there arises the need to explore capoeira more deeply as a tool for promoting positive social values, recognizing its playful and educational potential. Thus, the present study aimed to develop and analyze a playful proposal for teaching capoeira in Physical Education classes for a 1st-grade class of Elementary School. Through a Pedagogical Intervention, 10 classes were taught, involving 20 students enrolled in the first year of Elementary School in a municipal school in Guapiaçu-SP, in the first semester of 2023. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of Situated Phenomenon Analysis: reading of field notes, identification of relevant excerpts related to the researched theme, construction of analysis categories, and synthesis of understandings. The emerging categories were: A) Pre-existing conceptions of students regarding capoeira and educational interventions; B) Historical context and musicality of capoeira; C) Valuing ethnic-racial diversity through Afro-Brazilian culture and its bodily manifestation; D) Games for teaching capoeira; E) Anti-racist education; F) The issue of gender in capoeira. The results point to capoeira as a relevant educational tool, suggesting inclusive approaches and emphasizing active student participation. Additionally, they highlight the importance of musicality and activities adapted to the context of capoeira, explored through playfulness, as well as reflection on gender issues, evidencing challenges in the inclusion of women. These understandings open perspectives for a more comprehensive and transformative education, capable of contributing to the construction of a more equitable and empathetic society, highlighting the complexity and relevance of the topic for future research and pedagogical practices.
Protagonismo de estudantes com deficiência em atividades extracurriculares: o caso da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Saldanha, Luciléia Bechmann; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4630499595595009; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-9019
Faced with the assumptions of inclusive education at all levels of schooling, which began in the 1990s, this research focuses on the participation of students with disabilities in extracurricular activities in higher education, in other words, the inclusion of these students in non-compulsory activities offered by the university. In an attempt to elucidate these matters, the investigation presented here set out to identify and analyze the conditions for the inclusion and participation of students with disabilities in extracurricular activities at UFSCar. The specific objectives are: I) To understand, from the participants perspective, how they engage in extracurricular activities; II) To characterize the profile of the participants, outlining their personal, academic and post participation experiences in extracurricular activities; III) To reflect on the path of access and participation of students with disabilities in extracurricular activities. In addition to a bibliographical survey and analysis of federal regulations, the main data was collected by means of a questionnaire aimed at all students with disabilities at UFSCar, in order to verify eligibility criteria; and interviews with students who met the established criteria. Two students agreed to take part in the interview, one with autism spectrum disorder and the other with a physical disability, aged 26 and 43, of different genders, from different academic areas and campi. The interviews were conducted in june 2023 via Google Meet and lasted an average of one hour. The survey was publicized through the course coordinators, the General Secretariat for Affirmative Action, Diversity and Equity and the Social Communication Coordination. The methodological approach adopted was qualitative and exploratory-descriptive. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed based on four central axes: I) characterization on the participants; II) academic context; III) extracurricular activities; IV) considerations about university in the participants' lives. The results show that extracurricular activities acted in diverse ways in the participants' lives, highlighting the students' socio-historical issues intrinsic to the demands of academic life. To this end, we conclude that, in addition to federal regulations proposing that certain activities should be compulsory as part of the curriculum, it is necessary to identify the existing obstacles that prevent students, especially those with disabilities, from taking part in extracurricular activities, and when they do, it is not in a satisfactory way.
Modelos de resposta discreta com funções de ligação da família gumbel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Alves, Jessica Suzana Barragan; Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040998023074358; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1495756726981857
The present study focuses on the introduction and development of asymmetrical statistical models to address imbalanced data in binomial regressions and within Item Response Theory (IRT). Initially, we delve into the complementary log-log link function, introduced by Fisher in 1922, as an asymmetrical alternative to the logit and probit link functions. We propose flexible variations of this function to model binomial regression, incorporating additional parameters that account for imbalances in the binomial outcomes. For model inference, we develop a Bayesian approach employing Monte Carlo Markov chain methods. Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between asymmetrical Item Characteristic Curves (ICCs) within IRT for imbalanced binary response data. We propose new IRT models with asymmetrical ICCs as their primary feature, including the cloglog IRT model as a special case. We emphasize the significance of these models in educational data analysis and compare their efficacy against other models proposed in the IRT literature. Additionally, we introduce two new item response theory models based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. We discuss Bayesian estimation methods for these models and demonstrate their applicability through simulation studies and analysis of real-world data from mathematical tests in public schools in Peru. These models show promise in handling imbalances and asymmetries in binary data, providing a robust and adaptable statistical approach across various domains, including healthcare, education, and test assessment.
O tom e o som: diálogos entre a ciência e a música
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Adalberto, Paulo Roberto; Arrouvel, Corinne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6762748327087735; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4938-348X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1525751070682900; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2676-9026
The relationships between musical and scientific languages are historically well established, and in the global understanding of the sound phenomenon, the connections between science and music stand out. Musicology constitutes a scientific field in itself that generates and unifies science. The tuning of scales, the production of sound and its properties, the sensitivity and rationalization of sound mobilize knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values from different areas and provoke scientific, historical, social, and aesthetic discussions. By facilitating access to concepts that are sometimes overly abstract from various orders, as well as through its psychological effects, musical practice (from composition to appreciation) presents itself as an interesting tool in teaching. Such discussion has led to the proposal of workshops for building musical instruments, organized into four modules, as presented here. In addition to providing low-cost teaching material, the workshops propose didactic activities for science education, mediated by self- uided musical experiences during the construction of instruments with defined tuning. The playful, cognitive, and affective aspects with which music touches the individual can generate reflections and pedagogical decisions by teachers from different perspectives. Transversality and multidisciplinarity, promoting nterpersonal skills for the comprehensive systematization of evolving knowledge, underpin the proposal. The manifestations of Brazilian culture are also emphasized during the workshops.
Viabilidade técnica e potencial de redução de custo com utilização da casca do café como combustível alternativo na indústria cimenteira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Verdiani, Vicente Bueno; Belini, Gabriela Bertoni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833991005624421; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-694X; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-8163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5266092033890184; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-8403
The ability to use coffee husk biomass as a source of renewable energy in co-processing for the manufacture of clinker was studied, with its effects on the cement product and its potential for reducing fuel costs and CO2 emissions. Coffee husks are a by-product resulting from the dry processing of coffee fruit, with 1kg of husk being generated for every 1kg of fruit processed. Brazil is the largest global coffee producer with a harvest, in 2022, of 3.17 million tons. Tests were carried out to characterize the coffee husk as an alternative fuel to replace petroleum coke for use in the pre-calciner (cyclone tower). For the study, the following tests were realized: granulometry, immediate analysis, dry and wet base humidity, lower and higher heating value, chloride content, apparent density, thermogravimetry, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, potential cost reduction in replacing the coke by biomass, potential reduction in CO2 emissions when replacing to validate its use in co-processing. The results obtained showed that this biomass can be used, as it has a lower heating value of 3498 kcal/kg and the residues present in the ash, resulting from burning, do not impact the quality of the cement produced. In the analysis of the potential for reducing fuel costs, carried out with a 15% replacement of coke by biomass, an estimated reduction of R$ 6.06 million/year was obtained. Estimates of the potential for reducing CO2 emissions in the process indicate a reduction of 1.6 tons of CO2 for each ton of coke replaced.
Passivação do aço carbono em solução de poros de compósitos cimentícios com substituição de pó de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Simões, Mariana Nuccitelli; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2828117256621612
Society seeks solutions for sustainable concrete and mortar, with less use of natural resources and lower CO2 emissions. Therefore, the use of alternative materials to cement and/or natural aggregates comes to solve this problem. One of the issues studied is the incorporation of glass powder in partial cement replacements. As it is not a biodegradable material, the glass industry seeks to incorporate glass waste in the manufacture of new products, but is unable to process all the material available. Therefore, recycling glass in other industries, such as construction, is a good alternative for its reuse. The objective of the work was to evaluate the passivation of carbon steel bars immersed in pore solutions of cementitious composites produced with glass powder and/or silica fume. Cycles of non-destructive electrochemical tests were carried out, Open Circuit Potential (PCA), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIE) and Linear Polarization Resistance (LP) and, at the end, the potentiodynamic polarization test was carried out, in addition to the analyzes of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on steel bars. The pore solution was prepared from a mixture of materials (Portland cement, sand, silica fume, glass powder and water) using an electromagnetic stirrer. The solution was stirred for 3 hours and then filtered using a vacuum pump. From the electrochemical tests, it was shown that the bars immersed in the reference solution with silica obtained better performance in the formation of the passive film and that those immersed in the solutions with glass powder resulted in better film characteristics than in the reference solution. With SEM analyses, it was suggested that the solutions simulate the microstructure of cementitious compounds and that, after removing the solution and drying the bar, the bar did not undergo oxidation. Therefore, the use of glass destruction in cementitious composites is possible, focusing on the passivation of the steel inserted in them, enabling an environmental gain in the production of the material.
Visão do profissionais da estratégia saúde da família sobre comportamento autolesivo em adolescetes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Ferreira, Solange Oliveira; Barbosa Neto, Jair Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9551566039906499; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-7613; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4020846938138390
INTRODUCTION: Self-injurious behavior is considered a multifactorial, complex and growing problem in Brazil. The general population practices self-injury, but it is in adolescence that there is greater recurrence, and among adolescents, girls are the ones who practice it the most. Although the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF) is one of the gateways and organizers of health services in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), professionals still find it difficult to understand and manage adolescents with self-injury properly and safely. The guiding question of this research is to find out how ESF professionals view self-injurious behavior among adolescents. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To find out ESF professionals' views on mental health care in relation to self-injurious behavior among adolescents. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: To identify how ESF professionals understand the causes of self-injurious behavior among adolescents; To identify the care offered by ESF professionals in the mental health of adolescents with issues related to self-injury; To describe the types of articulation and actions with the social assistance network to monitor adolescents with issues related to self-injury. METHODOLOGY: The universe of the research was made up of nine higher education and technical professionals from two ESFs in a city in the Cariri region of Ceará. The data was collected through recorded interviews which were transcribed and analyzed using the critical dialectical theoretical framework and thematic analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The research revealed important aspects such as the difficulty in identifying whether or not adolescents are at risk of death. They also understand that adolescents with self-injurious behavior reveal intense psychological pain and that their main stressors and triggers are family conflict, poverty, inappropriate use of the internet, lack of cultural and sports facilities in the community where they live and exposure to alcohol and other drugs. Professionals' management is still based on complaints and medication with antidepressants. They believe that PHC can help these adolescents, but only if psychologists and psychiatrists are part of the team. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The professionals have little experience of caring for adolescents with self-injurious behavior, they don't demonstrate in their work process that the expanded clinic is effective, with little mention of matrix support in primary care. They mention some points in the Health Care Network (RAS) and the social assistance network, but have difficulty understanding what each service offers. They recognize that self-injury in adolescents is a result of psychological and sociodemographic factors; however, they do not hold shared discussions among the team to understand the context in which self-injury occurs.
Alterações clínicas identificadas em crianças após infecção pelo Zika Vírus: scoping review
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Vicente, Ligia Marques; Rodrigues, Rafaela Carla Piotto; Uehara, Sílvia Carla da Silva André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1732961409855372; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6807810410093625; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903413440784581; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-2720; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8587-3115; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0236-5025
Objetivo: Mapear quais foram as evidências científicas sobre as alterações clínicas presentes em crianças portadoras de microcefalia oriunda da infecção pelo Zika Vírus durante o período da gestação. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, onde, as buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science. Resultados: Foram selecionados ao todo, 36 artigos. Os estudos apresentaram as alterações clínicas que foram tidas como as mais comuns e prevalentes em crianças portadores de microcefalia. Os déficits mais comuns entre elas eram na parte neurológica, respiratória ou motora, a depender da gravidade, déficit também nos marcos de desenvolvimento que são considerados presentes em uma criança sem essa doença, chegando até sinais de maior gravidade como as convulsões. Conclusão: O recém-nascido, assim como a criança, portadora de microcefalia necessita de uma atenção especial por parte de uma equipe multidisciplinar, com vistas a minimizar os possíveis danos ocasionados em sistemas neuromusculares e psicomotores.
Para além da tela: o efeito de diferentes interfaces gráficas de jogos educacionais no desempenho de estudantes com e sem autismo em atividades matemáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Souza, Andiara Cristina de; Benitez, Priscila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000868072508462; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7606; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-7023; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0768760617808822; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0160-6488
The difficulties faced by Brazilian students in teaching mathematics and the growing number of people with ASD included in mainstream schools have led to the adoption of digital educational games (DEGs) as teaching resources to facilitate the learning of this subject. However, despite the increasing use of these resources, little is known about the relationship between the design of the graphical user interface and the performance of students, especially students with ASD. Discussing the design of the graphical user interface (GUI) of DGEs and its accessibility is a highly relevant topic. This is because it can provide a reinforcing or non-reinforcing experience for the user, generating facilities or barriers to the use of digital resources. Accessibility guidelines have been developed to make GUI more accessible and user-friendly. However, there are still gaps in the literature, especially with regard to research aimed at analyzing the relationship between GUI in DEGs and the mathematical learning of students with autism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the GUI of mathematical DEGs on the attentional process, engagement, and performance of students with autism through the analysis of eye behavior. Chapter 1 aimed to discuss the use of DEGs in math teaching. To this end, a bibliographical survey was carried out of studies that have already been carried out that present the objectives and perspectives of DEGs as a tool for teaching mathematics. Chapter 2 aimed to map empirical research in the literature that evaluated guidelines for digital accessibility involving people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), by means of an integrative literature review. Based on the bibliographic surveys carried out in the first two chapters, an eye-tracking study was conducted in Chapter 3, which aimed to compare the eye behavior of children with and without autism when performing simple addition tasks (adding up to 10) DEGs made available on the web. The results indicated that children participating in the study with and without autism of similar age and mathematical input repertoire, when exposed to the same teaching conditions, do not show significant differences in performance in GDEs. In chapter 4, still using the data obtained through eye-tracking, it was verified how the design of the graphic interface of GDEs aimed at teaching mathematics can become a predictor of failure and exclusion of children with ASD. The results showed that complex platforms can negatively interfere with the performance of students with ASD in their interaction with mathematical concepts, hence the importance of a critical evaluation of these by parents, teachers, and therapists. Also, poorly accessible interfaces can perpetuate the view of disability of people with ASD brought about by the overvaluation of the diagnosis, which generates micro-exclusions. In general, the studies revealed that promoting educational practices based on GDEs for teaching mathematics requires parents, teachers and therapists to have the knowledge to critically analyze them. This is because the type of graphic interface can be a predictor of success or failure for students with ASD in learning mathematics and can contribute to inclusive or excluding mathematics. Future studies are suggested in order to broaden the discussion on the relationship and impacts of the GUI of GDEs and the mathematical learning of students with ASD.
Propriedades ópticas e magneto-ópticas de heteroestruturas WSe2/ β-Ga2O3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Cavalini, Camila; Barcelos, Ingrid David; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8297155290206349; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-7161; Gobato, Yara Galvão; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-0426; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8862776358346951; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1057-0220
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been the subject of intense study in recent years due to their unique properties. In their three-dimensional configuration (3D), they are known as indirect bandgap semiconductors, but when reduced to a single layer (monolayer), they become direct bandgap materials. On the other hand, monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) has sparked great interest due to its remarkable characteristics: a wide bandgap ranging from 4.6 to 4.9 eV, high electron mobility exceeding 200 cm²/Vs, and high resistance to electric fields reaching approximately 8 MV/cm. Although it does not possess a van der Waals structure like TMDs, its crystalline organization enables exfoliation and association with two-dimensional (2D) materials. This study focuses on investigating the optical and magneto-optical properties of a monolayer of molybdenum diselenide (WSe2), a TMD, deposited on flakes and bulk crystals of β-Ga2O3, under the influence of perpendicular magnetic fields up to 9T. In addition to obtaining high-quality samples that maintained notable temporal stability, we identified several distinct emission peaks associated with the presence of localized excitons due to defects in the band structure. We conducted a detailed analysis of photoluminescence at room temperature and low temperatures, as well as magneto-photoluminescence, including the determination of the g-factors of the identified peaks. The results revealed the presence of different defects influencing the localization of excitons in WSe2. Our studies indicate that β-Ga2O3 is a promising dielectric material for two-dimensional (2D) materials, capable of opening new perspectives in the exploration of fundamental physics principles, with potential applications in optoelectronics and quantum information technologies.
Alfabetização digital na biblioteca pública : fortalecendo sua função social para mitigar a exclusão digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Moura, Mariana Silva; Silva, Márcia Regina da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6220057251032933; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-233X
The research investigates the role of public libraries in promoting Digital Literacy to address digital exclusion, emphasizing their social responsibility and alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective is to evaluate the implementation of theoretical guidelines and the global consistency of progress in Digital Literacy. Using a multi-method approach, the research includes a qualitative and bibliographic dimension with a systematic review; and an exploratory dimension with the investigation of Digital Literacy initiatives in libraries worldwide. It also adopts a quantitative perspective when developing bibliometric indicators to analyze scientific production, aiming for a comprehensive and multifaceted understanding of the current state of Digital Literacy in the library context. The systematic review of 43 scientific articles reveals challenges such as the lack of training of information professionals and the need for adequate investment in public libraries. Still, it highlights the crucial role of these institutions in promoting digital inclusion. The studies analyzed address the future of digital literacy and the application of theoretical frameworks to deal with emerging social issues, such as exclusion from the digital labor market and digital inequality. In developed countries, there is a notable increase in studies on digital learning among elderly and middle-aged adults. In countries with public investment difficulties, actions focus on community practices. Various forms of digital literacy are identified, reflecting a growing concern about the digital exclusion of marginalized groups. Practical activities in world-leading libraries include workshops on device use, guidance on configuration and use of tools, web security workshops, work tools courses, and digital inclusion programs for different demographic groups. In general, the programs identified are aimed at basic computing, with a special focus on continuing education, digital security, awareness, inclusion, accessibility, and a concern for the future of work. The actions show a significant intersection between literature and practice, proving a commitment to digital inclusion and accessibility, especially in contexts marked by technological obstacles and informational vulnerabilities. Three factors are identified: digital literacy is more common in well-funded libraries; most activities focus on basic digital skills, but there is a demand for more advanced programs; and nations’ digital plans are advancing, driven by economic motivations. It is concluded that, although there are efforts to reduce the digital divide by promoting basic digital skills, it is essential to expand access to advanced digital literacy to address complex issues such as critical thinking about technology and the impact of artificial intelligence. Such a measure is crucial to prevent less developed countries from facing a scenario of digital illiteracy, which could lead to a significant increase in underemployment or even absolute unemployment. Moving beyond training for the job market, exploring digital citizenship and social evolution in a world influenced by artificial intelligence, is essential.
Atenção e vigilância em saúde: sínteses de evidências e análise espacial múltipla
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Donida, Giovana; Yamamura, Mellina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6221450513629923; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-8788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0692008454388489; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-7228
Syphilis is a public health problem in Brazil and around the world, which disproportionately affects marginalized and vulnerable groups. Objective: To synthesize knowledge about health care and surveillance for syphilis, and identify areas of multiple occurrence of the disease in subpopulations. Methods: This is a combined study that encompasses several methods simultaneously, initiated by a systematic scoping review with the aim of mapping the scientific evidence regarding the treatment of the partner of pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis, an integrative review to identify the scientific productions that use spatial and/or spatio-temporal analysis technologies for the distribution of syphilis cases, and finally, an epidemiological, non-experimental, ecological, retrospective study with multiple group design to characterize the occurrence of syphilis cases acquired, pregnant and congenital, and identify the spatial clusters, in the 645 municipalities of the state of São Paulo in the period 2018 – 2022. Usually review studies do not involve the aspects established by Resolution nº 466, of December 12, 2012; as well as meeting the ethical specificities of research of strategic interest to the SUS, established in Resolution No. 580, of March 22, 2018. Results and Discussion: In the systematic scoping review, it was possible to identify the factors that act to prevent treatment of the pregnant woman's partner with syphilis: difficulty in accessing health services, working hours incompatible with the functioning of health services, inability to include the partner in prenatal care, lack of guidelines and public policies including the partner and health of men, social and economic vulnerability, lack of knowledge and stigma about the disease on the part of the pregnant woman and her partner. In the integrative review, it was possible to identify the profile and behavior of syphilis, the clusters that correlate with socio-spatial markers and epidemiological profiles, characterized by high population density, inadequate prenatal care, population migration to developed and/or developing areas. In the ecological study, 14 municipalities were identified with a high Relative Risk (RR) for the occurrence of acquired, pregnant and congenital syphilis, of which 14.3% were according to the São Paulo Social Responsibility Index (IPRS), as municipalities vulnerable. Conclusion: The research findings allow us to affirm that syphilis health care and surveillance, considering the subpopulations, require implementations articulated with the partnership's expanded prenatal practice, use of spatial and spatio-temporal analysis tools to improve health surveillance actions and intensify priority interventions for municipalities at high risk for multiple, bi- and univariate occurrences of acquired syphilis, in pregnant women and congenital.
Se essa rua fosse minha: Construção de uma Pedagogia da Rua dialógica nas aulas de educação física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Mattos, Kelly Botelho Assis; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212131644879978; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9021-3813
This research proposal stems from our concerns regarding the high dropout rate of Physical Education classes among students in the final years of Elementary School. Based on these concerns, we set out to reflect on the pedagogical potential of rescuing and building a dialogical approach to collective sports, through the principles of the Pedagogy of the Street. This "street" is understood both metaphorically and literally. The research question is presented as follows: "What educational processes emerge from an intervention based on the pedagogy of the street?". The main objective of this research is to analyze the educational processes that emerge from the implementation of a didactic unit guided by the Pedagogy of the Street in a dialogical perspective with an 8th grade class of Elementary School. This is a qualitative research of the strategic action-research type, developed by the teacher-researcher herself, through the implementation of a didactic unit composed of nine sessions with the participating class. The instrument used for data production was the Class Diary, with the sources for the records being participant observation and audio and video recordings produced during the sessions, including conversation circles. The next step, data analysis, was carried out through coding categories, in three moments: organization and reading of the collected documents, coding and finally categorization. The results and their analysis are organized into two main Freire’s theoretical categories; Limit Situations and Viable Unprecedented, and their respective subcategories, being Banking Conception, Gender Prejudices and Competitiveness for the Limit Situations category and Dialogicity and Perceived Highlighted for the Viable Unprecedented category. In the first reflections, it was possible to verify that the banking conception of education showed itself as a limiting factor for the participating class to experience humanizing educational processes; gender oppressions appear as one of the biggest obstacles in the expansion of experiences, as well as the exacerbated competitiveness imposed, especially by the most experienced students. In the second category, we highlight that the understanding of educational processes for an engaged participation strengthened the class's bonds of understanding. We consider that Dialogicity played a fundamental role in the educational processes that emerged from the proposed research.
Protagonismo juvenil nas aulas de educação física: análise da construção de uma sequência didática com discentes do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-22) Castro, Rosemeire Brasilio; Lemos, Fábio Ricardo Mizuno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720009502941255; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-5056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4647937910642101; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6918-940X
This study emerged from a concern within my teaching practice regarding the increasing number of students disengaging from Physical Education classes during the later years of Elementary School. The factors discouraging student commitment are often complex, particularly those related to risk factors stemming from various sociocultural contexts, which frequently lead to the adoption of detrimental lifestyles. This, in turn, impacts adolescent health and directly influences their participation in Physical Education classes. To address this issue, this study aimed to describe the collaborative development of a didactic sequence focusing on youth protagonism with students from a 9th-grade class, and to analyze its implementation, aiming to understand the impacts and contributions of this approach. A qualitative research methodology, employing Pedagogical Intervention, was utilized with 20 9th-grade students from a municipal school in São Paulo, using Field Notes as the primary data collection tool. Data analysis involved the development of Coding Categories, resulting in the following categories: A) Challenges in Teaching Practice: Context and School Culture – Explores the influence of local context, school culture, educational structures, and institutional dynamics on teaching practice; B) Protagonism and Protagonists – Analyzes the individual and collective protagonism of students and the teacher-researcher during the didactic sequence development; C) Pedagogical Approaches and the Development of Critical Thinking in School Physical Education – Investigates the transition from traditional to active methodologies in School Physical Education, and its impact on students' critical consciousness; D) Playful Learning as Empowerment for Conscious Choices in Youth – Explores how playful learning, through games, enhances students' understanding of risks and life choices, and whether this approach positively influences the development of their values. Through the lens of youth protagonism, student participation in the educational process facilitated collective knowledge construction. Thus, the school environment serves as a platform for a significant portion of these young individuals to develop fundamental critical thinking skills. Consequently, this research, through dialogue with the students, contributed to the reflection on social issues. It is hoped that this study will inform future research on youth protagonism in School Physical Education.