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Qualidade de vida, saúde e o autocuidado em homens com câncer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-11) Sousa, Alex da Silva; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-2074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0647067456190759; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-4787
Cancer represents the third leading cause of death among men, behind only deaths arising from diseases of the circulatory system and violent external causes. The advancement of medical technologies has provided greater prospects for controlling and curing cancer, which means that patients live longer with the disease, the treatment and the impacts arising from it. Because of this, the issue of health quality of life for men with cancer has become a central issue in the field of oncology. Therefore, the main objective of this manuscript is to analyze the quality of life, global health and self-care in men with cancer. The theoretical approach to the research objective will be carried out mainly from health psychology studies and the behavioral analytical approach. Three different chapters make up this manuscript: the first reports an article that discussed indicators of mortality and illness in males in Brazil. The second chapter is a narrative review of international literature, regarding changes in the quality of life of men undergoing cancer treatment. For the third chapter, field research is proposed, with a cross-sectional design, descriptive and correlational objective, regarding data collection, field research was used and for data analysis, the quantitative approach. The instruments applied were the script for consulting the medical record on sociodemographic characteristics and the clinical history of medical treatment, to assess quality of life the WHOQOL-bref, referring to global health PROMIS level 1 will be used, referring to sexual function the sexual quotient – male version (QS-M) and to describe the sample's health care repertoire, a semi-structured interview guide. In the main results, it was found that the general average quality of life of the sample was low (M= 29.5 and SD= 3), the four domains evaluated by the instrument also achieved low scores, especially in the physical domain, the worst commitment (M=22.9 and SD=9). In PROMIS I, it was observed that five of the thirteen care indicators were detected in 50% or more of the participants, namely: anxiety (86%), anger (80%), depression (71%), thoughts/ repetitive behaviors (69%) and substance use (59%). Concerning the sexual satisfaction indicator, obtained with the QS-M, the general score was low (M= 31.5 SD= 1.8), with a poor to unfavorable performance pattern predominating, in 45% of participants. At a confidence level of 95% and significance of 0.05, the parametric hypothesis tests used showed that the average quality of life is not distributed homogeneously when evaluated by clinically relevant groups. The main selfinjured health problems were: hypertension with 31%, anxiety with 25%, depression with 19%, diabetes with 18%, lung/respiratory problems with 10%, overweight with 8%, heart disease with 5% and other problems of health with 2%. Both risk behavior and protection were found to be in use more frequently among those at risk. The cluster analysis revealed two patient profiles: “highly critical” and “moderately critical”. It is concluded that the overall health of men undergoing cancer treatment requires attention, not only due to the reduction in the quality of life that they may be exposed to, but above all because they have a scarce repertoire of self-care that they frequently present, in addition to exposing themselves to risk factors. to health. Health professionals working in oncology must be aware of these dimensions of the relationship between masculinity and health to provide assistance that is more in line with the needs of these subjects.
Estruturas metalorgânicas como catalisadores para hidrogenação do CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-11) Paula, Luana do Nascimento Rocha de; Gomes, Janaina Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-8944; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-7788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1349212085460836; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-1128
The hydrogenation of CO2 to commercially relevant products such as alcohol, coupled with the use of renewable energy, can curb indiscriminate emissions of this gas, and reduce dependence on fossil resources. Due to their excellent performance, copper catalysts have been extensively investigated for CO2 hydrogenation. However, this reaction presents challenges regarding product selectivity, catalyst stability, and the use of non-fossil co-reactants. Thus, MOFs can be used as supports for Cu catalysts and have the potential to address some of these gaps, as they can generate interfaces that protect active sites, preventing deactivation and stabilizing intermediates in the reaction, thereby enhancing the selectivity of desired products. Moreover, using water as a co-reactant in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction allows for the use of a clean hydrogen source. Based on this, this work aims to synthesize Cu/UiO-67 for application in CO2 hydrogenation, using water steam and H2 as co-reactants. The impact of precursors and copper loading, the influence of the metal center, the addition of promoters, and the synthesis method of these materials were evaluated in reactions between CO2 and H2, always aiming for the best catalytic performance concerning ethanol production at atmospheric pressure. In a second stage, reactions between CO2 and water steam were conducted to optimize reaction parameters and identify the influence of oxidized species on alcohol formation. Through XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR-ATR, TGA, N2 physisorption, TPD-CO2 and H2-TPR, it was possible to study, respectively, the crystalline structure, morphology, characteristic bands of these materials, thermal stability, textural properties, basicity, and reducibility profile of the materials. From the hydrogenation of CO2 using water vapor or H2, the formation of alcohols was observed in all investigated catalysts. Based on the studies conducted, it was possible to conclude that catalysts with a Zr metal center and potassium addition showed better performance, especially K-Cu/UiO-67, which achieved a productivity of 102 µmolEtOH.h-1.gCu- 1, a 32% increase compared to the unpromoted catalyst. This behavior may be associated with the increase in basic sites capable of improving CO2 stabilization on the catalyst surface. The use of water enabled an increase in methanol productivity at low temperatures, and with the variation of the activation temperature, there was a continuous increase in ethanol productivity reaching 18.2 µmolEtOH.h-1.gCu-1 at Tactivation=260°C, with Treaction=180°C and a H2O/CO2 molar ratio of 1, indicating a positive influence of oxidized species such as Cu+ in alcohol formation.
Contribuições para modelos gerais de diagnóstico cognitivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-11) Fernandes, Renato da Silva; Bazán Guzmán, Jorge Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040998023074358; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-8795; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796219868581062; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-2559
Cognitive Diagnosis Models (CDMs) are discrete latent variable models that aim to determine an individual's pattern of possession of skills or attributes based on their test responses. This class includes the general diagnosis models, whose formulation allows various other CDMs to be obtained as a special case of the former. This work presents contributions to these general models under a Bayesian approach. First, we present Bayesian formulations for two general diagnosis models, the Generalized DINA (G-DINA) model, designed for dichotomous responses; and the General Polytomous Diagnosis Model (GPDM), designed for polytomous responses. These formulations include new sets of constraints on the item parameters to improve the estimation and interpretability of the model parameters. For both models, an estimation method was implemented using the JAGS software, which is available in this thesis. Moreover, for both models, a simulation study was designed to evaluate the parameters recovery accuracy of this Bayesian estimation method and the results were compared with those obtained with the standard classical estimation method. In both studies, the results indicate that the proposed Bayesian estimation method recovers all parameters with accuracy equal to or better than the classical estimation method under the evaluated scenarios. In an example of application, we use the proposed models to examine the responses of 1111 college students to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) using a CDM in the modeling process. In the first instance, we compare the results obtained with the DINA model (adopted in the original formulation of this methodology) and the G-DINA model, both applied to the dichotomized data. In the second instance, we compare the results obtained with the G-DINA model, applied to dichotomized data, and the GPDM, applied to original polytomous data. At last, in another example of application, we present a new recommendation system for movies that incorporates a CDM in its formulation. The CDM is used to predict the ratings that a user would give to each item and make recommendations based on these predictions. The proposed method was applied to two movie datasets and its performance compared to other recommendation systems found in the literature, presenting results superior to the competing methods.